In autumn, rotavirus came out again to disturb trouble. It is an enterovirus, mainly transmitted through feces-oral route, or through contact or air media, with a 1-3-day incubation period from contact to onset. This virus is specially designed for children under 5 years old, especially for children aged 6 months to 2 years old. The diarrhea caused by its infection is called autumn diarrhea .
What are the symptoms of autumn diarrhea?
Children with rotavirus may show vomiting, diarrhea, frequent fever and respiratory infection symptoms after being infected with rotavirus. It can be simply summarized as "emesis first and diarrhea, three more and one less". It means that after the child is infected with rotavirus, he first vomits, and then diarrhea, with more stools and more frequent stools, yellow or light yellow, and is like egg flower soup or even watery. Because of the large amount of stools, more water and more frequent stools, it is called three more and one less.
Is diarrhea scary in autumn?
Rotavirus infection with enteritis mostly has no obvious symptoms of poisoning. Theoretically, it is a self-limiting disease with a natural course of about 3 to 8 days. However, if improperly treated, it can cause dehydration, acidosis and electrolytic disorders. With the continuous deepening of research, rotavirus has been proven to invade multiple organs, such as central nervous system , myocardium, etc., causing convulsions, meningitis, encephalitis, myocardial damage, liver function damage and other parenteral complications.
Under what circumstances must you go to the hospital?
The child is in good spirits and can eat, has no vomiting or vomiting, no fever and other discomforts, can be observed at home. Once the child is found to have poor spirits and has symptoms such as "three less and one more" (less tears, less urination, less eating, more vomiting and diarrhea), parents should take their children to the hospital for treatment in time.
Under what circumstances must IV infusion be?
Moderate or severe dehydration, no improvement after oral rehydration, continuous frequent vomiting, abdominal distension, electrolyte disorders, , and need to be given intravenous fluid supplementation.
How to take care of your home during illness?
Children who vomit may experience dehydration, so parents should observe whether there are any signs of dehydration. The symptoms of mild dehydration include: dry mouth and thirst. Children with mild dehydration do not need to seek medical attention immediately, but the dehydration should be monitored.
The symptoms of moderate or severe dehydration include: reduced urine volume (no urine within six hours), no tears when crying, dry mouth and tongue, sunken eyes, cold or wet hands and feet, and listlessness. If the child experiences moderate or severe dehydration, seek medical attention as soon as possible.
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Children who vomit but are not dehydrated can continue to eat normally if they can tolerate it. Dehydrated children need rehydration (replenish lost fluid). If breastfed babies vomit, they should continue breastfeeding. Exclusive breastfed babies usually do not need oral rehydration solutions because breast milk is easier to digest.
If the baby vomits immediately after breastfeeding, try breastfeeding more frequently and shorter. For example, breastfeeding for 5 to 10 minutes every 30 minutes. If vomiting improves after 2 to 3 hours, you can return to your normal diet. If the baby drinks formula milk, feed 15 to 30 ml of oral rehydration solution every 15 minutes for 2 to 3 hours at the beginning. If vomiting improves, full concentration of infant formula feeding can be restored. If vomiting does not improve or worsen within 24 hours, seek medical attention in time.
Grower babies and children can continue to eat, but it is common for children to have little or no appetite during vomiting. Pay attention to whether there are signs of dehydration and do not force the child to eat, especially within the first 24 hours. Children are encouraged to drink oral rehydration solutions, other liquids such as water, diluted juice or soda water and , and can be given in small quantities.
should avoid apples, pears and cherry juices and other high-sugar beverages. Sports drinks should also be avoided because they contain too much sugar and have inappropriate electrolyte levels.
There is no need to restrict children's diet or let children eat BRAT diet (banana, rice, applesauce , toast).Although these similar foods can reduce diarrhea, these foods do not contain enough nutrition for children and are not recommended for long periods of consumption. Recommended foods include Complex Carbohydrate (rice, wheat, potatoes, bread), lean meat, yogurt, fruits and vegetables. High-fat foods are difficult to digest and should be avoided.
How to observe the child's condition and provide nursing care?
Parents should pay attention to whether the mental state of the child has changed, whether the child's eye sockets and fontanelle are sunken, whether the lips are dry, whether the urine is very small, whether the skin elasticity is poor, etc. If these conditions indicate that there is dehydration, you should seek medical treatment in time.
Because the number of bowel movements stimulates the buttocks of the child, parents should take good care of the child's buttocks, choose a highly absorbent and breathable diapers, and wash the buttocks after the stool and dry them. If the skin is red, you can apply 5% lactic acid ointment or 40% zinc oxide ointment . Baby girls should pay attention to perineal cleaning to prevent ascending urinary tract infection. Wash your hands before and after the stool, diapers, and toys in children with diarrhea to prevent cross infection. What is
oral rehydration salt (ORS III)?
Oral rehydration therapy is a safer, cheaper and easier way to replace intravenous (IV) fluids. The commonly used hypotonic formula oral rehydration salt (ORS III) reduces the content of sodium, potassium and glucose , thereby reducing the osmotic pressure of . The composition ratio is more reasonable, so that the solution can be absorbed quickly, and at the same time reduces the amount of feces. It is more suitable for children to prevent dehydration caused by vomiting, diarrhea and liquid replenishment after dehydration. ORS does not cure vomiting, but it helps prevent and treat dehydration caused by vomiting and diarrhea. It has the advantages of rapid rehydration, safe and stop diarrhea, reducing the occurrence of hypernatremia , has a light and sweet taste, is easy to prepare, is easy to use, and can be treated at home. How to master the dosage of oral rehydration saline solution?
When the child has diarrhea, he should take oral rehydration saline solution in time to prevent dehydration. A certain amount should be supplemented after each stool is discharged. Babies under 6 months old should take 50 ml, 100 ml for 6 months to 2 years old, 150 ml for 2 years old, and 10 years old, and give as much as you can drink until diarrhea stops. The prerequisite for drinking oral rehydration saline solution is that there is no serious vomiting, abdominal distension, etc.
If the child has dehydrated, oral rehydration salt solution should be used in time to correct the dehydration. The amount of mild, moderate and severe dehydration and rehydration is equal to (50~100) by weight (Kg), and it is taken within 4 hours. Dehydration should be assessed every hour and the continued loss of the amount should be supplemented. After the dehydration is corrected, start eating and intake of fluids. The child should also continue to take oral rehydration saline solution. The amount of diarrhea and vomiting lost in the child every hour should be calculated, and the amount lost in this hour should be added to the amount to be given in the next hour. That is, 1 gram of diarrhea feces should be supplemented with 1 ml of oral rehydration saline solution or 10 ml/kg of oral rehydration saline solution after each drainage sample, and 2 ml/kg of oral rehydration saline solution after each vomiting. What are the precautions for
oral rehydration and salt solution?
- oral rehydration salt Ⅲ should be prepared in one go and taken in batches. Preparation points: Use a standard syringe or measuring cup , prepare warm boiled water at one time, without adding any other substances.
- Misunderstanding: Some parents think that their children are young and cannot finish so much liquid at once. They will equip a certain amount of them according to the proportion each time, and then use the rest next time. However, this practice is not correct, because the solution concentration deviates when the preparation is lacking at home, which may not achieve the treatment purpose or adverse reactions may occur. Therefore, the solution should be prepared in one go strictly according to the requirements of the instructions. Add sugar, milk, juice and other substances to the prepared solution. When taking
- orally, prepare it with warm boiled water. Next time you take it, you can place it in a container filled with hot water to keep it warm. Do not add hot water directly to the solution, as this will change the concentration of the prepared solution and affect the efficacy. Smaller children can follow the principle of small amounts and multiple times to drink one or two sips every few minutes, while older children can drink directly in a cup. The oral rehydration salt solution prepared by
- can be stored at room temperature for 24 hours, and be careful to avoid contamination such as food, saliva, etc.If the child with
- does not improve within 3 days or any of the following symptoms appear, he should go to the hospital for diagnosis and treatment in time: such as increasing the number and amount of diarrhea, inability to eat normally, frequent vomiting, fever, blood in the feces, age less than 6 months or premature infant , a history of chronic diseases or comorbidities, etc.
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How to prevent rotavirus infection? After
Rotavirus infection, fecal virus excretion is the highest within 2 to 5 days of diarrhea, and most children have a fecal detoxification time lasts for 7-10 days. The child needs to be quarantined at home, and the quarantine time is generally about 10 days. Those who have two babies at home should pay attention to cross-infection.
Rotavirus vaccine is the most important preventive measure to prevent rotavirus enteritis.
Hand washing is the preferred method to prevent the spread of infection. Wet your hands with water and regular soap or antibacterial soap and rub for 15 to 30 seconds. Pay special attention to nails, between fingers and wrists. Alcohol hand sanitizer is an acceptable replacement for hand disinfection without running water. Apply hand rubs to the entire surface of your hands, fingers and wrists until dry. If it is obviously contaminated, use soap and water to clean it.
During the high incidence of rotavirus, try not to go to crowded places to avoid close contact with children with diarrhea. Parents should wash their hands as much as possible before coming back to contact their children, and disinfect their children's toys and tableware frequently.
