Speaking of and placenta, people may not be unfamiliar. Then, in front of obstetricians who deal with the placenta all the time, how many women’s joys and sorrows are hidden in the placenta, how important it is to the lives of mothers and children, and how much trouble it brings to women, Today, we will talk about the placenta, an important "organ" that is vital to the life of the fetus!
1. What is the placenta?
The placenta is an important organ that maintains the life of the fetus and an important link between the fetus and the mother. It can be said that without the normal development of the placenta, there will be no normal development of the fetus and normal pregnancy outcome.
2. The origin of the placenta?
When the sperm and egg combine to form a fertilized egg, it enters the uterine cavity, implants and develops in the endometrium, the endometrium after conception develops into a decidua, and the decidua and the fetal trophoblast are differentiated from the leaf-like chorion , Amniotic membrane union forms the placenta. In fact, the placenta is a combination of mother and fetus.
Embryo development At 13 to 21 days, villi gradually formed. About 3 weeks after fertilization, when blood vessels in the villi are formed, the fetal placental circulation is established. The spiral artery of the uterus of the pregnant woman passes through the decidual plate and enters the maternal lobe. The material exchange between the mother and the child is carried out at the villi of the fetal lobules. The fetal blood flows through umbilical artery to the villi capillaries, and the maternal blood in the space between the villi and villi. For material exchange, the two are not directly connected.
The full-term placenta of pregnancy is disc or elliptical, with a diameter of about 18-20cm and a thickness of about 2-5cm. It is divided into maternal and child planes. The maternal plane of the placenta consists of about 20 maternal lobes visible to the naked eye. The normal attachment position is on the anterior and posterior side walls of the uterine body, or the bottom of the uterus.
3. What is the role of the placenta?
The placenta plays an important organ of the fetus in the process of fetal intrauterine development.Without these organs, the fetus cannot continue to develop and life cannot be maintained.
1. Substance exchange function: the exchange of gas, that is, the exchange of oxygen and carbon dioxide, is like the respiratory organs;
2. Nutrient supply: supplies all the nutrients needed for fetal development and eliminates the metabolites in the fetus as the digestive system;
3. Defense function: produce antibody , prevent the influence of pathogens, drugs, etc., and form a certain barrier function;
4. Synthetic function: synthesis such as human chorionic gonadotropin , human placental lactogen, female Hormones, progesterone, oxytocinase, heat-resistant alkaline phosphatase, cytokines, growth factor and other substances;
5. Immune function: enable the mother to accept and not reject the ingredients from the father The fetus and other functions.
4. What are the manifestations of abnormal placenta?
1. Abnormal attachment position: when the placenta is located in the lower part of the uterus and anterior to the fetal presentation, it is called placenta previa. It is attached to the scar of cesarean section and can cause hemorrhage during pregnancy, postpartum hemorrhage, or even hysterectomy;
2. Shallow implantation of placental villi can cause miscarriage, embryonic abortion, preeclampsia, etc.; too deep implantation can cause placental adhesions, implantation or even penetration of the uterus, resulting in uterine rupture;
3. Placenta Abnormal area: too small placenta can cause insufficient fetal growth restriction, oligohydramnios, etc.; too large area can cause placenta previa, etc.; Accessory placenta, globular placenta, , sail-like placenta, etc., abnormal morphology can lead to abnormal attachment position and dysfunction, etc., especially the sail-like attachment may have vascular preposition, and once it ruptures, it will cause acute blood loss and life-threatening fetus.
5. Abnormal timing of placental discharge: normal pregnancy,After the fetus is delivered, the placenta is peeled off. When the fetus is delivered, the placenta is peeled off. It is called placental abruption. If it is not handled in time, it will endanger the life of the mother and the baby and cause serious complications. Hemorrhage, removal of the uterus and even life-threatening.
It can be seen from the above that there are constant troubles caused by abnormal placenta. There are many maternal and child complications such as hemorrhage, uterine perforation and rupture, stillbirth, placental implantation and .
7. Influencing factors and preventive measures for placenta formation?
The normal development of the placenta depends on many factors, which are related to maternal and fetal factors. High-risk factors such as repeated abortion and other intrauterine operations, endometrial inflammation, surgery; maternal uterine dysplasia, systemic chronic diseases, etc. are all possible Lead to abnormal placental development.
1. Protect the uterus: The endometrium is the soil for fetal development. Inflammation and scars of the endometrium will inevitably affect the planting and development of the placenta. Therefore, measures to protect the endometrium are very important. Minimize unnecessary miscarriage, etc. uterine cavity operation, planned pregnancy, reduce the rate of cesarean section, etc.
2. Comprehensive pre-pregnancy examination: Those with chronic maternal diseases, insufficient uterine blood flow, thin endometrium, and uterine dysplasia should take necessary measures to prevent them before pregnancy.
3. For those with high risk factors, monitor the placenta conditions dynamically during pregnancy, such as attachment position, local muscle thickness, etc.
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