Aizhongren Education: Build a one-stop learning building in the city center.
Zhu Yongxin (first from left) and John Kutcher (second from left) have a conversation
Professor Zhu Yongxin Dialogue with Apple Education CEO Mr. Kutcher
Q1 Professor Zhu Yongxin: United States education circle has a very famous question: Jobs' question. Jobs said that the government has invested the most in education, especially in education information, education networks, and the Internet. However, education does not seem to have changed as we expected. Is this true? What is your impression of Jobs?
Mr. Kutcher: In the years I have known Jobs, he has not actually said this sentence. In fact, there are many fake news about Jobs. The Steve Jobs I know was extremely smart, talented, expressive, and passionate, and he was very good at telling stories. "Scientific American" pointed out that human beings are the least efficient of all animals by relying on their own time, but through the use of tools, efficiency can be increased infinitely. Apple uses technology to empower humans and amplify their abilities, similar to human physical fitness amplifiers.
Q2 Professor Zhu Yongxin: How can technology play a role in education?
Mr. Kuqi: American scholars Koehler and Mishra proposed TPCK (Technological Knowledge) on the basis of the PCK of subject teaching knowledge proposed by Shulman in 2005. Pedagogical Content Knowledge), that is, integrated technology subject teaching knowledge. If only relying on technology power can not really change education, technology needs to promote educational reform together with educational concepts. Many schools are showing off technology rather than using technology. They are not fundamentally changing teaching methods. Technology itself does not play a real role.
Now most schools buy advanced equipment, but education has not undergone any fundamental innovation. I used to study on books, but now I study on the screen. Apple's early success in the iPod is not the mobile phone itself, but the creation of the Apple Store ecosystem. Education is the same, wasting money to purchase equipment, but it did not have any impact on education. The education of buying equipment for the sake of buying equipment fails.
Q3 Professor Zhu Yongxin: The development of the Internet has a great impact on time and space. What is the impact on school education? Will classrooms still be needed in the future? What kind of new classrooms are needed to help digital natives learn better?
Mr. Kutcher: At present, in other aspects besides education, technology has brought about earth-shaking changes. For example, the taxi-hailing software uber has no entity. For children, I have my own set of training methods. My 8 grandchildren and granddaughters under 10 years old, they only study at school two days a week.
In the new era, children have different social skills and creativity from ours. My son once said that he learned far more knowledge and abilities in practical exploration than in school.
The American public school system was established in 1912. The educational philosophy of public schools is not to encourage students' creativity, but to cultivate their ability to apply to work, "to be able to achieve the ultimate in the work of their parents' generation." An astronaut working at NASA found that 98% of them have creativity in the early childhood stage and only 2% in the adult stage. The most important factor is the education system. Then we must reflect on what went wrong with the education system.
In the future, learning should be more flexible, the form of schools can be changed, and micro schools can be established based on communities. Educational changes must be bottom-up. Parents have more choices, which forces educational changes.
朱永新教授： I think the reform of education should be from top to bottom. During the industrial revolution, producers were required to have the ability to read, write, and calculate. There were very few knowledge resources in that era, and the government needed to gather them for centralized teaching. Now, information can be found anytime, anywhere. The future will be an era of independent choice of learning locations and learning content. Everyone needs to learn and empower different factors and directions, so school institutions, school forms, and teaching content must undergo a revolutionary reconstruction. In China, the government can better promote education reform, and the top-down force will be stronger.
Q4 Professor Zhu Yongxin: How can the educational reform ideas not continue due to the departure of the principal?
Mr. Kuqi: In addition to the departure of the principal, school administrators will also happen to the American Board of Education and the local board of education. Each time the principals or related managers have limited time in office and cannot continue to promote education reform. At present, American private schools, charter schools, and family education have all undergone great changes, which also reflect their dissatisfaction with the current education situation.
I visited more than 100 schools around the world last year. Unfortunately, I only saw minor changes in some schools, and did not see any schools that have truly undergone complete systemic changes.
At present, the three projects I have participated in are all based on challenges. Among them, Lab shcool is aimed at students who have a weak foundation in grades 3-4 and cannot keep up with the school's daily curriculum schedule. They are confident that students can catch up within one year. We cooperate with the University of Oxford to select suitable teachers in local communities with challenge-based content. The funds come from the US government's funding for education, and we train teachers through a tutorial system to improve the entire education ecosystem. One month later, we will release a related white paper to explain more about how education should be reformed.
Professor Zhu Yongxin: The online course model of Stanford Online Education is also very prominent, and the teaching system of public schools will also undergo great changes in the future. American charter schools return education methods and content to students to a large extent. In the future, the way in which principals are appointed and teachers are hired will also undergo great changes.
Q5 Professor Zhu Yongxin: Personalized learning is advocated in "Upgrading of Learning", and education should be changed from passive to active. In fact, this view was advocated by the ancient Chinese sage Confucianism thousands of years ago, but it has never been realized. What do you think is the reason? Under the background that the Internet changes society today, will it be more likely to be realized than in the past?
Mr. Kutcher: In fact, there is a case in my book. In a school in Chicago, there are six different levels of reading comprehension in a class. If teachers prepare lessons for every student in the class, they spend more than 40 hours a week on average. But if you can make good use of technology, use big data to analyze students’ learning, make learning plans based on students’ individual needs, and design classrooms based on the number of students and the size of the classroom, you can not only help students achieve better grades, but also help teachers Save a lot of time and resources. This is a manifestation of technology-enabled education. Another example is an education company in the United States. After in-depth research and analysis of all the education apps in the Apple Store, they gave personalized recommendations to students in a certain school, and asked them to study for 1 hour a day, and tracked the students' findings after half a year. The results have improved by an average of 39%.
One more thing I would like to add is that I found that China has a strong cultural advantage. Of course, this advantage also exists in other Asian countries. That is, parents' acceptance of extracurricular tuition classes or extracurricular activities is generally high. This is actually because parents are aware of the advantages of personalized education. Therefore, if off-campus personalized education is brought into traditional schools, this kind of educational reform in China will happen faster than in the United States.
Professor Zhu Yongxin: Actually, I don't agree with you about this advantage of China. I think that will not be divided between inside and outside the school in the future, and the entire education system should be connected. New Oriental's good English education can be put in the classroom, and the math that has been learned and thought can also be put in the classroom. The government can purchaseThe way of service is to purchase courses and then let students choose. As long as all educational resource providers are of high quality, they do not have to be inside or outside the campus. They should be integrated and integrated.
Q6 Professor Zhu Yongxin: "The Upgrade of Learning" mentioned in the book: I believe that everyone can achieve extraordinary achievements. However, it is difficult for every child to be recognized when it comes to practical aspects of certain schools. Do you think this is an education problem or a child’s problem?
Mr. Kuqi: This question is easy to answer. When this happens, there must be a problem with education. According to my past experience, children will have their own areas of expertise. Educators may judge students’ abilities based on their own subjective assumptions, which limits the imagination of children. Educators do not create conditions for children to show their potential. The success and failure of students often lies not in their potential, but in how educators view and inspire them. The expectations of children will directly affect the realization of their potential.
Be sure to find the points that motivate students (intrinsic motivation), Now schools pay more attention to external motivation. Although people are born at different starting points, this can be changed. For educators, the most important thing for is to better understand potential and self-prejudice, so that they can enter the next stage of reshaping education—inspiring children to truly realize their potential.
Q7 Professor Zhu Yongxin: What is CBL (Challenge Learning)? What is the difference between CBL and PBL (project-based learning)?
Mr. Kutcher: CBL (Challenge Learning) is an inquiry-based learning framework, which makes learners face a series of personal and team challenges, thereby making the learning process more relevant And fun.
The challenging learning framework consists of three stages:
★ In the first stage, the teacher guides students to come up with a problem they want to solve, and this problem "coincidentally" The current study topic is related.
★ Once the problem and the overall idea of how to solve the problem are determined, the second phase begins. In this stage, teachers and students break down the problem into a series of specific problems.
★ The third stage is to develop and implement an action plan. Students take action based on the survey results.
Three differences between CBL (challenging learning) and PBL (project-based learning):
★ First, in project-based learning, teachers often designate students to complete a project, and In challenging learning, teachers will encourage students to design their own projects together.
★ The second is the way of using technology. In project-based learning, technology is not indispensable, and sometimes it is not necessary to use technology at all. In contrast, in challenging learning, technology runs through all stages of the entire process.
★ Third, project-based learning is often limited to ideas and projects that can be completed in the classroom or school environment, while challenging learning requires learners to actively participate in a wider community, targeting practical aspects that directly affect their lives. Problem to design a plan and implement it.
Mr. Kuqi and Professor Zhu Yongxin’s understanding of education are explained in detail in their respective works. The following will excerpt some of the content for your understanding.
The upgrade of learning mode should be carried out from four aspects.
In the book "The Upgrade of Learning", Mr. Kutcher pointed out that the traditional learning motivation, learning mode, and learning scene need to be upgraded, and the learning mode should be upgraded step by step from four aspects.
One. Reshape learning from the inside out
Design a personalized learning experience. If reshaping education is to be successful, we must first focus on students as individuals, and then on learning, teaching and the correct use of technology. The most destructive flaw in the standardization system is the use of artificially designed timelines. , Let each student adapt to the established learning speed of the entire class, instead of learning according to individual learning speed. The correct order for reshaping education is: re-understand students, study learning and teaching, and use technology correctly.
Believe that every child can achieve extraordinary achievements. Understand the child as a single individual, do not use a balance ruler to measure everyone, believe that every child has potential. The success of students depends on how educators view them. The important goal of education is to mobilize learners' intrinsic motivation and let them learn actively.
Two. Update the learning operating system
As Einstein said "I never teach my students, I only provide an environment where they can learn." The three stages of the learning process are Retrieval, memory and understanding, the key task of education is to teach them the knowledge we want children to learn in another way. The teaching scene should be converted from one-to-many learning to practical learning. The practical learning scene is suitable for future learning.
Consciously designing, creating and implementing learning space is the key to success in reshaping education. The teaching mode should progress from project-based learning to challenge-based learning. Challenge-based learning is an inquiry-based learning framework that makes learners face a series of challenges and makes learning more interesting.
Three. The three elements of future learning
The three elements of future learning include access, construction and programming. Access means that everyone can connect to the fast and reliable Internet and have the opportunity to use transformative technology to reach extraordinary teachers. There is a misunderstanding in online education: moving the lecture content from the classroom to the Internet intact does not create a new environment for online learning. Recording lectures into videos is the lowest-end form of educational technology and has nothing to do with reshaping education.
Construction is to let students do it by themselves, to create, to discover, and to construct things. In addition, no matter how old the child is, he should be allowed to learn programming. Because programming can improve children's self-confidence, improve their critical thinking, computational thinking, visualization and logical thinking skills.
IV. Technology helps to upgrade learning
In the "Apple of Tomorrow" teacher classroom, technology is a learning tool and a medium of thinking, collaboration and communication. Using technology in the classroom can significantly increase the learning potential and help students Show their ideas and ideas. The core competitiveness of future teachers is to provide a background for knowledge, and the fundamental goal of educational technology is to help teachers, not to teach students. Merely using technology as a "tool" to improve the efficiency of traditional teaching greatly underestimates the role of technology.
In future learning, humans will widely use nine major scientific and technological achievements: artificial intelligence, adaptive learning, intelligent assistants, Internet of Things, mobile technology, 3D printing, interactive books, augmented reality technology, and holograms. The basic principle of using technology is that "what to use" and "how to use" are equally important. In the era of rapid change, people who learn for life will be able to get in the water in the future, while those who stand still will be eliminated by technology.
"Humanity does not have a school, and the development of a school can be divided into four stages."
Professor Zhu Yongxin mentioned in the book "Future School: Redefining Education" that human beings did not have schools at the beginning . School is the product of human development to a certain stage. Human schools, from ancient times to the present, to the future, can be roughly divided into four important historical development stages.
One is the pre-school period (pre-school period) -the primitive tribe’s education for the benefit of life belongs to this stage.
The second is the school period (school period) -5500 years ago, the "Clay Book House" of the Sumerians in the Mesopotamia Valley of Babylon, the court school of ancient Egypt 5500 years ago, the "Shengjun" and "Xiao" of the late patrilineal clan of our country, are all school stages representative.
The third is the modern school period (modern school period) -a modern school that emerged with the industrial revolution, constructed in accordance with the Comenius class teaching system, with unified teaching materials, syllabus, Class time, teaching content, and curriculum.
Fourth is the post-school period -this is the new school of the future. Strictly speaking, it may not be called a school, but a "learning center".
"In the future, the school will be replaced by a learning center"
Professor Zhu Yongxin believes that the school should be a "learning center" in the post-school stage. The learning center is different from our school today.
The book "School of the Future: Redefining Education" points out that today, every school is an island in a certain sense. Each school runs its own school relatively independently and completely realizes its own closed internal loop. In essence, it does not need to have greater communication with the outside world.
However, this is not the case for the future learning center. can be network-based or physical. Some of these physical learning centers are transformed from current schools, and some are transformed from various training institutions and social education institutions.
The learning center of the future is no longer an isolated island, but a roundabout connected to each other. Future students will not only study in one school as they do now, but in different learning centers.
The future learning center is an open system. In the future, a primary school student, a middle school student, or even a college student can learn mathematics in this learning center, learn art in that learning center, and then learn technology in another learning center, and learning center can be cross-regional or even cross-border of.
University is the same. Every university in the world can be used as a learning center.
15 changes in the future school
How should the future school change? Professor Zhu Yongxin analyzed the following 15 possibilities:
1. The school will become a learning community and no longer exist as an isolated school.
2. There is no fixed time for school opening and graduation.
3. Flexible study time, when to finish study and when to graduate. The learning time is flexible, and the learning center can be open all year round without the concept of summer or winter vacation. The learning center is open at any time. This is a very important change in the future.
4. The source and role of teachers are diversified: teachers in the future will no longer be public servants of the government, teachers in the future are likely to be freelancers, and even outstanding teachers form a course company.
5. Government payment and learner payment will coexist: in the future, learner payment will become a very important way. The government will provide basic public services to learners through education stations in the future.
6. The integration of learning institutions, the main institution of the school and the online education are completely connected, and this is achieved through the government purchasing services.
7. Online learning is more important: In the future, learning will not only be online, but the Internet will be more community-based, and online and offline learning will be combined.
8. Games play a more important role in learning: learning with games and learning with challenges will become an important possibility in the future.
9. Personalized and customized learning content: The purpose of education is more personal progress. In the future, the learning standards will be further reduced. After the reduction, most people will be able to learn easily.
10. Small-scale learning centers: The large-scale educational institutions will gradually disappear in the future. The advantage of a small-scale learning center is that students can have full communication and flow in the campus.
11. The importance of diplomas is replaced by course certificates: What future employers need is the applicant’s knowledge structure and abilities, not useless certificates, so course certificates are becoming more and more important.
12. Examination evaluation from identification to diagnosis: Examination evaluation is now selective, and future examination evaluation is diagnostic. Big data will be used to record the entire learning process.
13. Home-school cooperation and mutual education: In the future, the family will play a more important role in the learning center, which is a major subversion of the educational concept. Future education will rely on psychology and science to rediscover the meaning and influence of family and parents in education.
14. The course points to life and truth, goodness and beauty.
15. Happy and complete educational life.
John Dewey once said: "If we educate current students in the past, we are depriving them of their future." The biggest problem facing education today is teachers. Using an outdated, non-digital language, trying to teach a generation of people who use digital languages almost exclusively.
But the biggest challenge in reshaping education is how to use the research results of learning and current technological methods to create a personalized learning experience to better meet the needs of today's students. Learning to upgrade is to create a personalized learning experience to better meet the needs of students. In the future, it is an irreversible trend for education to combine technology and network communication technology to expand its breadth, become more individualized and humanized. In the international school industry, technology empowering education is a very important topic.
But what cannot be ignored is that the real landing still needs time to grind. China's national conditions have determined that the problem of educational imbalance is becoming more and more prominent. The future-oriented large education and large learning still require the cooperation of all parties, so there is still much A long way to go. I believe that this in-depth dialogue can give all education practitioners constructive practical cases and bring enlightening thinking. Both traditional education and international education have far-reaching significance in reshaping education, reform and innovation.
This columnist: Mr. Gao Zhendi, school founder Yi Hui, Yi Hui second English-founder, chairman loving public benevolence Education and Technology, the best-selling book Writer, educator, entrepreneur. Focusing on entertainment education for 12 years, he engraved the epitaph at the age of 23: Committed to the reform and development of China's education industry, and realized financial freedom at the age of 27. At present, students cover 15 provinces across the country and directly benefited more than 2 million.
