The "Notice on the Official Announcement of 144 New and Revised Medical Service Prices Items and Prices" issued by the Sichuan Provincial Medical Insurance Bureau officially came into effect. Among them, the new project is a rehabilitation project of " music therapy ", which has attracted attention from the industry.
Music therapy ? As an emerging interdisciplinary subject, music therapy is widely used in the treatment of children with physical and mental disabilities, cognitive impairment and depression in the elderly, but it is far more than that.
music therapist do music therapy for autistic children
music therapy was founded in the United States in the 1940s. After more than half a century of development, music therapy has become a mature and complete discipline, and countries around the world have successively established scientific methods of music therapy. After the 1970s, music therapy was introduced to Asia, and my country also began to open music therapy majors in major music majors.
As a teacher in music therapy, Wang Lujie, associate professor of the Department of Music of Sichuan Conservatory of Music, believes that the inclusion of "music therapy" in medical insurance also sends a signal to students and the society. music therapy major has moved from "niche" to the public, whether it is employment prospects, career development, or the diversity of medical treatment, it has a driving role.
st in the country
"Music Therapy" was included in Sichuan for the first time in medical insurance
htmlOn March 23, the Sichuan Provincial Medical Insurance Bureau issued the "Notice on the Official Announcement of 144 New and Revised Medical Service Prices Items and Prices". On April 5, the notice officially came into effect.
This new project includes the "Music Therapy" project (page 22, serial number 103). This is the first time that music therapy has appeared in the Sichuan Provincial Medical Insurance Program. The "project connotation" describes "music therapy" as: "Through evaluation and planning and implementation, the social functions of special groups (children and adults) can be improved, adverse symptoms can be eliminated, and self-awareness can be improved."
According to the price list of provincial-managed public medical institutions for new medical services, the prices of provincial-managed public medical institutions for "music therapy" are: html A hospital charges 65 yuan per time, tertiary hospital B hospital 60 yuan per time, tertiary hospital A hospital 55 yuan per time, and tertiary hospital B hospital 49 yuan per time. The pricing instructions are: "It takes 30 minutes for one therapist."
After seeing that "music therapy" is included in medical insurance, Wang Lujie, associate professor of music therapy department of Sichuan Conservatory of Music, and teacher of music therapy, was very happy and surprised. It is happy that after being included in medical insurance, it will promote the development of the music therapy major and student employment, and will also allow more people to know, understand and choose music therapy, and obtain professional intervention and healing. Surprisingly, Sichuan is at the forefront of the country in terms of promoting progress or pricing. "In the past few years, music therapy was included in Beijing's medical insurance, but the price of Grade A hospitals was only 11 yuan." Wang Lujie said.
What is music therapy?
is widely used in the fields of medicine and psychotherapy
Music therapy is an emerging interdisciplinary, which is the wide application and clinical treatment research of music in the fields of traditional art appreciation and aesthetics, and in the fields of medicine and psychotherapy.
Various musical instruments used for music therapy
Modern neurophysiological research shows that music can have a direct impact on the nervous system that regulates the internal organs and body functions of the human body. Due to the different rhythm, speed, tone and tone of the music, it can show sedation, excitement, analgesia, regulating heart rate and lowering blood pressure. It can reduce the physiological response of the respiratory system, cardiovascular system, endocrine system and immune system to tension, reduce the patient's heart rate and blood pressure, reduce the cortisol level in the body under tension, enhance immunity, and achieve the purpose of treatment.
There are also studies that when listening to music, the human pituitary gland secretes a chemical called " endorphin ", which makes people feel happy.
In the book "Definition of Music Therapy", professor at Temple University in the United States, the definition of music therapy is: music therapy is a process of systematic intervention. In this process, the therapist uses various forms of music experiences and the therapeutic relationship developed as the therapeutic driving force (i.e., the relationship between music therapist, client and music) to help the treated person achieve healthy goals. Simply put, music therapy is to use all forms of music activities, including listening, singing, playing, rhythm and other means to stimulate and hypnify people and stimulate their body reactions with sound.
Among them, music, therapist and specially trained music therapist are indispensable.
It is understood that music therapy is widely used, including psychological decompression, anxiety, depression in the field of psychotherapy; rehabilitation treatment, pain control, and hospice care in the medical field; various physical and mental disorders in the field of special education, such as autism, intellectual disabilities, emotional and behavioral disorders, physical disorders, language disorders, etc.
is not the same as psychotherapy
The core goal is to improve the symptoms of the person being treated
So, is music therapy a psychotherapy?
Both cannot be equal. Wang Lujie said that music therapy is an interdisciplinary discipline, and different schools of psychology have very different ways of dealing with human mental health or diseases.
Even if it is targeted at the same client, it may involve multiple treatment goals, not just psychology. Music therapists often adjust their theoretical basis based on these different treatment goals and contents and find the most suitable intervention method.
for music therapy for children
As a music therapist, of course, it requires a lot of psychological theory learning and integration to better understand the patient and understand everything about treatment.
Wang Lujie introduced that music psychotherapy is one of many directions of music therapy. For example, music-guided imagination (GIM) technology uses Western classical music combination to help visitors enter the deep inner experience of their own, achieve the purpose of treatment, and target people who have experienced traumatic events or have mental illnesses.
From the perspective of age, the "scope of application", music therapy is a whole life cycle and can cover from pregnancy to hospice care. From a therapeutic point of view, the core goal of music therapy is to improve the symptoms of the treated person.
How to perform music therapy?
Create a "link" through music listening, imagination, and performance
As a mental specialist hospital in Chengdu, Chengdu Fourth People's Hospital had already carried out music therapy activities in the rehabilitation department for schizophrenia patients with schizophrenia as early as 2010.
"Now we will use music therapy in psychotherapy groups for patients with depression, anxiety and psychosocial disorders, each time it takes about one and a half hours to 2 hours." Feng Yushu, a psychotherapist at Chengdu Fourth People's Hospital, said that she graduated from the music therapy major at Changzhi Medical College in 2011, and then went to the hospital to work and passed the National Health Professional Qualification Psychological Therapist Examination . Currently, she is also the only one among all the psychotherapists in the hospital who have a professional background in music therapy.
Music can establish a "link" with children well
How does music play a therapeutic role? Feng Yushu said that in group therapy, music listening, music imagination, instrument improvisation and other methods will be used, and patients will be asked to choose simple and easy-to-operate instruments, such as tambourine , xylophone , African drum , etc., and try to play."Most patients with depression and anxiety have a state of depression and self-indefinition. Playing through instrumental music can actually help them fully express themselves, find their own feelings, and also vent their emotions."
In the ensemble, the response and cooperation to the rhythm of group members is to some extent an interpersonal interaction. And in individual therapy, music can create a "link" with the patient very well.
For example, a severely depressed patient cannot fully describe his feelings and thoughts in words. A music therapist will use depressed and depressed music that is more frequent as the patient's emotions to guide him to imagine and relax. The patient's emotions immersed in the music will change. Music can help him "express" better. After the low and sad emotions are fully vented, the music will gradually transition to calm, relaxed or full of strength. This kind of music that is "same frequency" as the emotions will allow the patient to establish an alliance with the music therapist. This sense of companionship and identity makes the patient feel safe and trustful, able to devote himself to treatment, and ultimately make him truly change.
psychotherapist's exploration:
At present, at the Sichuan Provincial Psychiatric Center, music therapy, as a part of psychological group therapy, has been exploring for about a year. "It is mainly for patients hospitalized in the pediatric uterine ward, with emotional disorders such as anxiety and depression in adolescents." Wang Jing, a psychotherapist at the comprehensive psychosocial pediatric uterine uterine uterine , told the Red Star News reporter that in group therapy, sometimes members express their feelings and thoughts will be somewhat inherently hindered, especially some anxious and depressed adolescents, and some members themselves have emotional obstacles. Using music as a medium can reduce impedance at some point and promote members to express themselves more freely.
Music helps children better "express"
"In the process of continuous learning, we learned about 'music therapy' and have also consulted and learned from universities majoring in music therapy." Wang Jing said that combining the methods and techniques of music therapy with psychological therapy will lead to a smaller impedance in group therapy.
Therefore, among the more than 10 psychotherapists in the psychosocial and pediatric lesbianology, members with music learning backgrounds began to try to include music therapy in group therapy.
"For example, we will invite children to share their favorite songs. Although this song is sung by others, from the lyrics and melody of the song, "we can make some connections with their true inner emotions more deeply, so as to better understand and intervene. "Wang Jing said, "What you share is the song and sings her own voice. ”
For example, there was a 20-year-old college student who shared a song "Fan Jin passed the exam" during group therapy. It turned out that this student had high requirements for his study, but no matter how hard he tried, the result was not satisfactory. Therefore, he was constantly frustrated, which affected his interpersonal relationships and developed self-anger and depression. "Music is the introduction to help us link them to their deeper inner self. "Wang Jing said that the way of music is expressed is more free, which is also conducive to better understanding by other members.
"Music therapy and psychotherapy belong to different systems, but there are also many 'overlapping' parts. "From Wang Jing, who graduated from psychology and worked for 8 years, using music as the "media" to do psychological treatment, the clinical skills of psychotherapists are the basic skills, and music skills can apply treatment to more groups more flexibly.
At the same time, Red Star News reporter learned that before "music therapy" is included in medical insurance, whether at Sichuan Psychiatric Medical Center or Chengdu Fourth People's Hospital, music therapy projects are all psychotherapy projects, and charge according to the corresponding standards, among which hospitalized patients can be reimbursed for medical insurance.
releases talent training signal
Music therapists need to have multidisciplinary knowledge
8 In the 1840s and 1950s, American universities successively established specialized music therapy courses, and music therapy was born as an emerging discipline. In China, in 1996, the Central Conservatory of Music established the Music Therapy Research Center, started the master's degree in music therapy in 1999, and began the undergraduate training of Musicology major (music therapy direction) in 2003. After 2005, China's higher education in music therapy ushered in a period of rapid development. Sichuan Conservatory of Music , Jiangxi College of Traditional Chinese Medicine (now Jiangxi University of Traditional Chinese Medicine ), and Changzhi Medical College successively opened the training of music therapy professional talents. As of December 2017, a total of 16 universities across the country have offered music therapy majors.
for music therapy for children
If we had to constantly explain to others what the music therapy major is and what its role was, in the past year, Lujie Wang could clearly feel that there were more hospitals that actively contacted the college for cooperation, such as palliative care, oncology, obstetrics and gynecology, and various special education institutions, "It means that everyone has gradually realized the role of music therapy."
However, the music therapy major is still often summarized in the branch of "psychological therapy" in the cognition of ordinary people and even some medical staff, or some medical staff try to learn and apply it to the clinic after understanding the role of music therapy, but they often face many embarrassments.
"On the one hand, if a music therapist enters a medical institution, he needs to obtain a national health system certified professional certificate like psychotherapist, but there is currently no professional recognition specifically for music therapists." Wang Lujie said that this is like a "gray area" and does not seem so "legitimate".
On the other hand, specialists, nurses, and psychotherapists often do not have professional music therapy knowledge in clinical practice, and most of them have only learned musical instruments and music theory; but music therapy does not only need to understand music.
"Good music skills and literacy are the basic conditions." Wang Lujie said that secondly, music therapists need to learn related professional knowledge such as medicine, psychology, and psychiatry, and they also need to learn professional music therapy techniques, such as improvisation therapy for children with autism. "Because there is no 'fixed playlist', every individual is different, and music therapists need to adjust the treatment plan for each special situation during the treatment process."
Wang Lujie said that this is also the transformation of a tertiary women and children's hospital in the province and a Sichuan Conservatory of Music for two years to explore the transformation of the cooperation plan from "introducing teachers to train existing department medical personnel" to "directly introducing outstanding music therapy professionals."
Wang Lujie told Red Star News reporters that previously, the music therapy major of Sichuan Conservatory of Music belonged to the pure theoretical major of "music learning", "and the music therapy major is practical, especially focusing on clinical practical experience." For example, students majoring in the sophomore and junior year need to conduct weekly practical learning once a week, each time at least 2 hours, and senior internships will take at least half a year to follow the class in medical institutions.
Starting this year, the Sichuan Conservatory of Music "Music Therapy Major" has been approved to recruit students independently. In terms of professional ability requirements for students, they have more autonomy, and the number of students will also increase significantly.
"Do a good job in aesthetic education , we must adhere to the principle of cultivating moral education, rooting in the life of the times, following the characteristics of aesthetic education, promoting the spirit of Chinese aesthetic education, and allowing the young generation of the motherland to grow up healthily. Aesthetic education plays an irreplaceable and important role in improving students' aesthetic level, cultivating aesthetic ability , cultivating noble sentiments, and shaping a beautiful heart. Adhering to cultivating moral education is a fine tradition of the Chinese aesthetic education spirit and the purpose of contemporary Chinese aesthetic education."
