In some people with knee pain, has some swelling around the joints inexplicably. What is the cause? Very confused , a patient friend consulted just a few days ago. In fact, there are quite a few people with similar swelling problems. Today, I have a chat with you about knee bursitis , I hope it will be helpful to you.
The knee joint is a complex structure
Around the knee joint, there are not only muscles, ligaments, but also many bursae; generally, bursae are distributed at the junction of bones and tendons place.
There are 4 bursae (suprapatellar bursa, prepatellar bursa, subpatellar bursa, prepatellar subcutaneous sac) on the front of knee, and 2 bursae (medial head bursa of gastrocnemius) behind , Gastrocnemius lateral head bursae), has 3 bursae (goose foot bursae, tibial collateral ligament bursae, semimembrane tendon proper bursae), has 3 bursae (fibular side) Anterior collateral ligament, posterior peroneal collateral ligament, popliteal tendon bursa).
Among these bursae, often is caused by frictional strain or trauma to cause synovial damage or rupture. causes knee effusion and swelling are the suprapatellar bursa, subpatellar sac, goose Foot bursa.
How is the bursa damaged?
Generally, the wall of the bursa is composed of two parts, the outer layer is thin and dense connective tissue ; the inner layer is synovium ,Under normal circumstances, there is a small amount of synovial fluid in it, mainly to reduce friction between adjacent tissues during activities.
As for the current people, their living conditions are good, they are too heavy and rarely exercise; once they are slightly active, the stress is too large and it is easy to stimulate the synovium. In addition, most people's legs are not good, either X-legs or O-legs. Often during walking, running and jumping, the internal or external tension of the knee joint is too large, and friction squeezes the corresponding bursa. .
Of course, most people have swelling that occurs without injury, mainly due to chronic strain and improper force, such as the above-listed overweight, poor leg shape, etc. Factors flexion and extension, rotation of the leg, repeated, long-term, continuous friction and compression, will cause inflammation of the bursa.
In addition, a small number of people have inflammation of the bursa and swelling of the knee due to excessive exercise, torsion injury or post-operative reaction.
What are the characteristics of common knee swelling and effusion in life?
General Chronic strain causes inflammation of the bursa, which is mostly seen in the elderly. It is often felt that the legs are heavy when walking, it is difficult to squat, the stairs are painful, the knee joint is swollen, and when you are tired or encounter cold Exacerbate, and relieve after rest or warmer weather. This type of bursitis does not occur alone, but often coexists with osteoarthritis.
If the bursae is inflamed after sports injury or joint surgery, knee swelling, pain or difficulty in movement will often occur in a short time; the hand will feel local skin temperature increase, skin swelling and tension , There may even be tenderness, which is more common in middle-aged people, and is often associated with other structural injuries, such as fractures, ligament tear, meniscus damage, etc.If it is a local puncture, some light yellow or bloody liquid can be pierced out.
Common bursal inflammation has the following characteristics:
①Suprapatella bursitis
On the upper knee, you can see obvious prominent swelling, which may cause mild tenderness and pain when touched by hand. Obvious sense of volatility.
② Subpatellar bursitis
There is pain and tenderness at the anterior and inferior kneecap of the patellar ligament and , often unable to fully flex and extend the knee joint; there is a sensation of fluctuation at the periphery, especially when you straighten the knee joint When, the most obvious.
③Goose foot bursitis
is generally seen in people who like to run. It often produces pain at the beginning of running. As you run for a period of time, the pain will gradually decrease or disappear, and the pain is on the inner side of the knee joint. Going down 2-3 cm, the pain will become more and more obvious as your running volume accumulates.
How to deal with it?
1. Generally, when there is inexplicable swelling around the knee joint, please go to the hospital for a ultrasound examination. can be clear. If there is a combined trauma, you may have to take an MRI.
2. For simple bursal inflammation, do not need to worry, pay more attention to rest in the acute phase, avoid strenuous exercise; when necessary, you can raise the ankle pump or quadriceps femoris of the affected side limb For static contraction, if there is pain, apply ice.
3. If you cannot relieve after rest, you can do corresponding physical therapy. Ultrashort wave and electrostatic therapy are recommended here. They can improve the nutrition and metabolism of local tissues, and promote the absorption of inflammation and exudation. .
Summary
For knee joint swelling and effusion, it is often caused by stress stimulation of the synovium. Remember to avoid sports that cause trauma or strain.Reduce excessive weight-bearing exercises such as squatting and going up and down stairs; actively treat other knee joint problems and reduce the stimulation of the synovium.
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