water supply and drainage pipeline renovation project
This project is a renovation project, the water supply and drainage and HVAC pipelines are kept in the original line and replaced with pipelines.
1. Main construction procedures
(1) General principles of construction in accordance with site conditions. First prefabricated and then installed, the main pipe first, then the branch pipe, the vertical pipe first, then the horizontal pipe, and the same operation layer shall be constructed in the order of first high and then low. First, the system is tested for pressure and then rinsed, and finally the anti-corrosion, heat preservation and concealed acceptance are carried out.
(2) Main procedures: construction preparation→material entry and inspection→reservation, pre-embedding→pipe prefabrication, pipe laying→bracket and hanger system installation→pipe installation→valve and sanitary appliance installation→ Installation of piping system components → installation of fire water supply facilities → pipeline water pressure test and drainage pipe closed water and ball test → water washing and disinfection → anti-corrosion → heat preservation → fire-fighting water system debugging.
2. Main construction methods and technical requirements
5span_sp _span0 5span_sp _span0 5span_sp _sp6sp _span0First, organize technical personnel to familiarize themselves with the drawings, understand the design intent and determine the main construction methods, and propose the unclear or unclear parts of the drawings, and conduct the joint review of the drawings. Prepare construction organization design according to drawings and current construction specifications, prepare special work instructions for construction difficulties, clarify construction and safety technology to workers, and equip mechanical equipment and measuring instruments according to site conditions. (2) Material entry and inspection 5span 1) All the materials must have the certificate of the manufacturer and the manufacturer's certificate 5span. span6span. Fire-fighting equipment must also have a fire-fighting license. Valves and system components are subject to random pressure test according to the specifications. For closed-circuit valves installed on the main pipe to cut off, the strength and tightness tests are carried out one by one, and they can be opened flexibly. The galvanized layer of galvanized pipe is not damaged. 2) After the material enters the site and passes the self-inspection, fill in the material inspection form in time for inspection, and can only be used after the supervisor and the owner pass the inspection. 3) The incoming materials are stacked neatly, and the specifications and models must be distinguished. The materials of each model must be listed, indicating the specifications, names, materials, and establishing a ledger to ensure that the accounts are consistent and guaranteed The procedures for sending and receiving are complete. Pay attention to measures to prevent bending and deformation of steel during stacking. 4) Pipes, fittings, valves, etc. should be handled with care during transportation and installation, and it is forbidden to carry them by throwing them.Especially stainless steel pipes should be paid more attention. At the same time, they should not be in contact with carbon steel pipes during transportation, storage and construction. The pipe mouth should be closed with a plastic sleeve to prevent debris from entering. (3) Pipeline prefabrication 1) In order to speed up the construction schedule, the construction must be organized according to the requirements of the schedule. The prefabrication is carried out centrally at the prefabrication site, and the prefabricated parts should be easy to transport and install.
2) Before prefabrication, design the pipeline according to the drawings, and determine the specific types and lengths of the prefabricated parts. In order to check the correct installation.
3) Galvanized steel pipe, seamless steel pipe and stainless steel pipe less than or equal to DN50 are cut by grinding wheel cutter , and carbon steel pipe larger than DN50 is cut by pipe cutter. Among them, the special grinding wheel must be used to cut the stainless steel pipe.
4) When cutting with a grinding wheel cutting machine, a protective cover is provided behind the cutting machine to prevent sparks and splashes from polluting the surrounding environment or causing fires during cutting.
5) The cut surface of all pipes should be perpendicular to the center line of the pipe to ensure the concentricity of the pipe. After cutting, remove burrs and iron filings at the nozzle.
(4) Pipeline setting
to the main pipe and then the branch pipe to the branch pipe. Pipeline laying is carried out in accordance with the original design regulations under the condition of non-intersection of various disciplines, taking into account the site size, while leaving space for heat preservation and operation.
(5) support and hanger production and installation
2) The pipe support is cut and drilled, using a grinding wheel cutter and electric drill, the simmering system should be smooth and uniform, and the installation should be firm and consistent in elevation.
3) The boom of the hanger must be firmly fixed on the floor and beam, and the fixed bracket must be installed at the position specified by the design and must not be moved arbitrarily.
4) All kinds of supports and hangers must be free from defects such as burrs, gaps, and missing welding.After the bracket is made or installed, it must be painted in time to prevent corrosion.
5) The production and installation of the support and hanger should take full account of factors such as heat preservation and thermal displacement. Stainless steel pipes and copper pipes must not be in direct contact with the carbon steel bracket, and the middle must be separated by a gasket.
6) When using temporary supports and hangers during pipeline installation, they must not conflict with the official supports and hangers. Mark them and remove them after the pipeline is installed.
7) Water supply riser pipe clamp installation, 1.5-1.8 meters from the ground to install pipe clamp , and each layer of pipe clamp requires the same height and order.
(6) Pipe connection process
2p 5 mechanical wire splicing _span0 6 wire splicing _span2p The threading should be carried out in two parts, not one time, and the pipe thread should be regular, and there should be no broken wires or missing wires. When the pipe is threaded, add oil hemp between the external thread of the pipe and the internal thread of the pipe or valve, first flutter the hemp into a thin and uniform fiber, starting from the second thread The buckle starts to wrap in the direction of the thread,After winding, apply thick white paint on the surface along the thread direction, then screw on the pipe fittings, and then tighten it with pipe wrench . Packing should be wrapped appropriately, and white thick paint , hemp or PTFE tape should not be squeezed from the end of the pipe into the lumen, so as not to block the pipe. The threaded pipe fittings must be installed once in the direction of rotation and must not be reversed. After installation, expose 2-3 threads, and remove the remaining fillers, do not expose linseed or PTFE tape, and perform anticorrosion on the exposed threads. 2) Groove connection should be evenly connected, and the two pipes should be evenly connected with the groove (bolt sleeve end). The pipe must be straight and the installation direction of clamp (set) should be the same. Grooved piping, divided into two methods: rolling groove and grooving, thin-walled pipe rolling grooving, thick-walled pipe grooving, and a special grooving machine is used for construction. The clamp is an automatic centering type for the ring pipe. The clamp surrounds and compresses the gasket to overcome the internal pressure of the pipe. The inner edge of the clamp is embedded in the annular groove at the end of the pipe to ensure that the two connected pipes are fixed in the clamp. The gasket sealing method is "C" type ethylene propylene rubber ring,Can form a triple seal. The principle of sealing is that when the gasket is static, it grabs the end surface of the pipe to form the first seal; then when the clamp is locked, the gasket is restricted by the space inside the clamp and is passively pressed on the end surface of the pipe to form a secondary seal; the third seal is the fluid entering the pipe The inner cavity of the "C" ring reacts to the gasket lip, so that the gasket lip and the pipe wall are closely matched with no gap, and the greater the fluid pressure in the pipe, the better the sealing performance. Bolts and nuts are dedicated to clamps, and the bolt neck is a square structure to prevent slippage when tightening the nut. The nut is a washer type, and no additional gasket is required for installation. 3)Flange connection (steel pipe) It is 1.3 to 1.5 times the thickness of the tube wall, which is convenient for welding. When welding the flange, ensure that the pipe is perpendicular to the end face of the flange. Use a flange ruler to measure from two directions separated by 90°, and perform welding inside and outside. The gasket of the flange shall not protrude into the pipe. It is better that its outer circle reaches the bolt hole of the flange. The tightening bolts should be tightened in two or three times in a symmetrical cross-shape sequence to ensure uniform force on the flange gasket and ensure the tightness of the flange at the same time. 4) Drainage system pipeline installation drainage pipe using flexible waste water and venting pipeFlat connection, rubber ring sealed stainless steel clamp clamp. Drainage riser According to the design and specifications, the inspection ports must be set up at the lowest and highest floors, and the others must be set at every second floor. The center of the inspection port is 1 meter away from the ground, and the direction of the inspection port should be convenient for maintenance. The horizontal pipe and the horizontal pipe of the drainage pipe, and the horizontal pipe and the riser are connected by oblique three-way and oblique four-way, and the end of the riser and discharge pipe adopts two 45° elbows. (7) Valve and sanitary appliance installation span5 valve installation 5span1) valve installation _spanp Whether the model and specifications meet the design requirements, and perform pressure test according to the specifications.
When installing the valve, the installation direction is determined according to the flow direction of the pipeline medium.
When installing butterfly valve , check valve and other flange valves,Ensure that the end faces of the two flanges are concentric, and screw the bolts in a crisscross pattern.
When installing the threaded valve, ensure that the threads are intact and apply fillers.
2) Sanitary ware installation
The installation of the sanitary ware should be level below the drain plug and the floor leakage should be installed firmly. The height of the floor drain water seal shall not be less than 50mm. Before handing over the sanitary ware, do a water-filling and water-passing test. The inspection method is as follows: After the water is full, the connecting parts will not leak or leak; the water supply and drainage are unblocked.
Sanitary appliance water supply fittings installation: sanitary appliance water supply fittings must be intact, with tight connections, and flexible opening and closing parts.
Sanitary ware drainage pipe installation: the water receiving port and riser pipe of each sanitary ware connected to the drainage horizontal pipe should be properly and reliably fixed; the joint between the pipe and the floor should be reliably protected. Seepage and leakage prevention measures. The joints of the drainage pipes connecting sanitary appliances must be tight and leak-proof, the fixing brackets, pipe clamps and other supporting positions must be correct and firm, and the contact with the pipes must be level.
electrical installation engineering
1, electrical, switch, socket
1) FIG construction process:
installation tin box→connect wire→panel installation→function debugging→finished product protection→check and acceptance Box:
①The iron box of the dark switch should be embedded in the wall,The outer opening of the iron box should be flush with the painted wall, and the sundries in the iron box should be removed before connecting the switch and socket. If some iron boxes fall into the wall, the method of padding behind the iron boxes should be adopted to make the switch socket flush with the wall after installation;
②Connect the wire connectors and wires to the switch and socket Before connecting the iron pipe nozzle of the buried iron box, a protective mouth should be worn.
(2) Connecting wires:
①Single-phase line with switch and socket should be marked with red and green for span6. The secondary line of load switch can also be represented in red, the neutral line is light blue, the protection line is represented by the same color of yellow and green, etc.; , The length of the wires crimped on the switch and socket should not be less than 100mm from the wall;
③If the wires of the socket and the adjacent socket need to be branched in the box, the wire connection should be adopted. The method should not press several branch wires together on the crimping screw, which will easily loosen and fall off, causing poor conduction, open circuit or short circuit; One wire should be crimped, no more than two wires at most. When crimping a wire, if the wire hole is too large, it is not easy to press firmly, the wire core can be folded back and put together.Then insert it into the hole to increase the crimping area of the screw;
⑤The wire crimping method is adopted. The wire core should be bent in a clockwise direction. The diameter of the crimping ring should be crimped with a screw cap The connection is firm. The length of the crimped core should not be greater than 3/4 of the circumference of the ring.
(3) Cover plate:
2ppan5span ① span switch, concealed switch The cover plate of the socket should be consistent with the wall, horizontal and vertical, and the fixing screws used should be nickel-plated or galvanized screws as far as possible; The allowable deviation of switch and socket position is plus or minus 20cm. And should be installed firmly. In the same room, the color of the switch board, socket board, etc. should be consistent to ensure beautiful appearance.
2. Lamp installation
p2p lamp installation span5 lamp installation → span5 p2p 1) construction process: _span6 lamp installation → span5 p2p p1) → → product protection inspection and acceptance
2) technical measures:
(1) lighting check:
lighting models, specifications Must meet the design requirements and national standards.The wiring inside the lamp is strictly prohibited from being exposed, and the lamp fittings are complete, and there is no mechanical damage, deformation, peeling paint, cracked lampshade, crooked lamp box, etc. All lamps should have a product certificate.
(2) Wiring inspection in the lamp:
shall not be subjected to the relevant wiring requirements in the light box and the relevant wiring in the light box For additional stress and wear, the ends of the multi-strand cords need to be coiled and tinned; the wires in the light box should not be too close to the heat source, and heat insulation measures should be taken.
(3) Fixture assembly:
. Firstly, assemble the pallets of each lamp according to the schematic diagram. Determine the position of the outlet and routing, fix the terminal board on the pallet with machine screws, cut the wire according to the distance from the fixed terminal board to each lamp port, cut the pinched wire out of the core, and wind it up. After the circle, the tin is rinsed. Then press into each lamp socket, straighten out the phase and neutral wires of each lamp cap, fix them with wire clips, and press into the terminal board according to the power supply requirements.
(4) Fixture installation:
: the bolts and the installation of the pre-embedded ceiling lamp of the combined lamp are based on the position of the ceiling boxUse an electric drill to open the mounting holes and outlet holes on the pallet of the luminaire, hold the pallet up during installation, connect the power cord and the wire thrown out of the luminaire and wrap it tightly. Put the wire into the lamp holder box as much as possible and lock it with a lock nut to prevent the wire from being exposed, and then align the mounting hole of the pallet with the embedded bolts to make the pallet and the ceiling close tightly, and tighten it with a nut. Adjust each lamp port, hang various accessories of the lamp, and install the lamp tube or bulb.
Ceiling fluorescent lamp installation: Determine the position of the fluorescent lamp according to the design drawing, and place the fluorescent lamp close to the ceiling surface. The fluorescent lamp box should completely cover the lamp head box, and line up against the position of the lamp head box. Hole, throw the power cord into the light box, and put a plastic tube on the inlet hole to protect the wire. Find the position of the screw hole of the lamp box, drill the hole on the bottom of the lamp box with an electric drill, use the tapping screw to fix the reflector of the lamp on the lamp box, adjust the lamp box straight, and finally install the fluorescent tube good.
3) Fix the lamp installation and inspection method:
_span_span 6 and fix the power cord on the span 6 span_span box on the span_span box.
(1) The lamps and their accessories should be complete, and there should be no defects such as mechanical damage, deformation, paint peeling and lampshade cracking;
(2 ) On combustible components; when the high temperature part of the lamp surface is close to combustibles,Heat insulation and heat dissipation measures should be taken;
(3) The wiring of screw lamp holder should meet the following requirements:
The neutral wire should be connected to the screw terminal;
②The insulating shell of the lamp holder should not be damaged or leaking;
There are bare metal parts. For ceiling lamps equipped with incandescent bulbs, the bulb should not be close to the lampshade. When the distance between the bulb and the insulation stand is less than 5mm, heat insulation measures should be taken between the bulb and the insulation stand.
(4) The installation of luminaires should meet the following requirements:
should not be less than 10mm when the steel pipe is used as the steel pipe. Should be less than 1.5mm;
②The light wire of the chain sling lamp should not be under tension, and the light wire should be braided together with the chain; The core wires at both ends should be tinned;
④The lamps installed in rows in the same room or place,The deviation of the center line shall not be greater than 5mm;
⑤Fluorescent lamp and high-pressure mercury lamp and its accessories should be used together, and the installation position is convenient for inspection and maintenance;
span5 ⑥span 5 is firm and reliable. There should be no less than 2 screws or bolts for fixing each lamp; when the diameter of the insulating table is less than 75mm or less, one screw and bolt can be used for fixing;
⑦ Emergency lighting and evacuation in public places The indicator light should be clearly marked. The lighting of public places without special management should be equipped with automatic energy-saving switches;
⑧The power supply of lighting transformers below 36V should have short-circuit protection, and its fusing rated current should not be greater than the rated current of the transformer;
The transformer shell, iron core and either end or neutral point of the low voltage side should be grounded or zeroed; It is fixed by bolts. When the weight of the corded chandelier is greater than 1kg, a lifting chain should be added.
3) Washbasin installation:
span5
span5 washbasin (1) Integral washbasin span5 sp Bolt support,Control the height deviation between the embedded bolt position and the base during installation;
②After fixing the basin, install the faucet and hose connection, install firmly, ensure the installation quality, no leakage;
③When installing the basin base, the installation is required to be level and stable.
Weak current installation project
1. Power system _p6959sp _span0 _strong 956strong 1. The process requires power distribution, control and protection of the equipment.
2, lighting system
span5 spans with 5 spans of small electrical distribution methods, each of which uses tree trunk lighting Socket switchboard , in which the emergency lighting switchboard dual power supplies are automatically switched on each other. Line laying is generally galvanized steel pipe laying through copper wires; branch lines in the ceiling or on the ground are laid with metal troughs through copper wires, using ZR-BV type copper wires;
3. Main Project content
Power system: Starting from the cable pressure line of the low voltage switch in the substation room,Calculate to the terminal equipment according to the system sub-building block; the supporting control cabinet that comes with the equipment is only for installation.
lighting system: starting from the cable voltage line of the low-voltage switchgear in the substation of the substation, and calculated to the end box according to the sub-building of the system; lamps, switches, sockets in the fitting position All installations are in place, and for the non-decorated parts, the terminal box is installed and the reservation, pre-embedded pipe and belt threading are completed.
lightning protection and grounding system (including equipotential connection): construction in place according to the scope of the drawing.
weak current system: only reserved, pre-embedded pipe and threaded wire and wire groove installation. Span6span
Bus installation→distribution box installation→trunk and bridge installation→pipe laying→cable laying→pipe threading→motor check wiring→lighting installation
5. Main construction methods and technical requirements
(1) Construction preparation
first familiarize with the drawing materials before constructionAnd organize relevant personnel to review the drawings, verify the equipment and materials selected in the drawings, rationally allocate labor, prepare tools and materials according to the schedule and schedule requirements, and propose materials preparation and batch purchase plans.
(2) Material arrival and inspection
, finished products, inspection results and semi-finished products must have all the main equipment issued to the conclusion of the group and semi-finished products. All the main equipment, materials, finished products and semi-finished products issued to the team are reported to supervision engineer for inspection.
2) Approved inspection-free products or recognized brand-name products may not be sampled for inspection when they enter the site for acceptance.
3) Low-voltage switchgear and other inspection items:
products are equipped with certificates and random documents, and have a safety production license and a safety certification number system. Certification mark.
Appearance inspection: There is a nameplate conforming to the design, complete accessories, intact electrical wiring terminals, no defects in equipment components, and complete coating.
lighting lamps and accessories inspection items: inspection certificate and random documents; the lamp coating is complete,No damage, complete accessories. Ordinary lamps have safety certification marks; on-site sampling check the insulation resistance , internal wiring and other properties of the complete set of lamps. The insulation resistance of the lamp is not less than 2 megohms, the internal wiring is a copper core insulated wire, the cross-sectional area of the core wire is not less than 0.5mm², and the thickness of the insulation layer of the rubber or PVC insulated wire is not less than 0.6mm.
4) Switches, sockets, junction boxes and its accessories Check items: check the qualification certificate, the products that implement the safety certification system have safety certification marks. The panel of the switch and the socket and the junction box body are complete, free from breakage, and complete parts. Performance testing: The electrical clearance and creepage distance between the live parts of different polarities is not less than 3mm; the insulation resistance value is not less than 5 megohms; the screw length of the screw installed with the self-tapping lock screw or the self-cutting screw and the soft plastic fixing part No less than 8mm. After 10 times of tightening and exit test, the soft plastic fixing parts are not loose or slag, and the screws and threads are not damaged. The screw and nut that are screwed between the metals are completely withdrawn after tightening. It can still be normal after being tightened for 5 times. use. If there is any objection to the flame retardancy of plastic insulation materials such as switches, sockets, junction boxes and their panels, samples shall be sent to a qualified laboratory for testing. It can be used only after passing the test.
The products produced have safety certification marks; the packaging is intact, and the wire insulation layer of the random inspection is intact and uniform in thickness. The cable is not flattened, twisted, and the armor is not loose. Heat-resistant, flame-retardant wire and cable outer sheaths have obvious identification and manufacturer's standard; according to manufacturing standards, spot inspection of insulation thickness and round core diameter; core diameter error is not more than 1% of the nominal diameter ; When there are objections to the insulation performance, electrical conductivity and flame retardant performance of cables and wires, sampling inspection shall be carried out according to batches.It can be used only after being qualified.
6) Steel pipe inspection: check the certificate by batch; the steel pipe is not flattened and the inner wall is smooth. Sampling and testing the pipe diameter, wall thickness and uniformity according to manufacturing standards.
7) Inspection of section steel and welding electrode : check the certificate and material certificate according to the batch; section steel has no serious corrosion, no excessive bending, bending and deformation; complete welding electrode packaging Package inspection, no rust spots on the tail of the electrode.
8) Inspection of galvanized products: Inspect the qualification certificate according to the batch or the galvanizing quality certificate issued by the galvanizing plant; the galvanized layer is covered, the surface is free of rust spots, and the accessories are complete, without sand holes;
9) cable tray inspection: check the certificate; complete parts, smooth surface, no deformation, complete coating; no rust.
10) cable head component and terminal inspection: inspection certificate; complete parts, no cracks and air holes on the surface.
(3) Reserve pre-embedded
, and carry out the grounding of the pipelines and the construction of the iron and power distribution equipment according to the drawings. Reserve for embedding.The parts that pass through the foundation of the building are pre-embedded in time, and the parts that pass through the outer wall and roof of the building need to be made of waterstop. The cable casing must be pre-embedded in the soil after anti-corrosion treatment, and the mouth of the pipe should be flared. Only after the reserved pre-embedding is accepted according to the design, the construction of the next process can be continued. During the construction, it is necessary to cooperate closely with the civil engineering profession, be familiar with the drawings, and make sure that the reserved pre-buried is in place at one time, and the location is accurate. The contradiction with the civil construction structure shall be dealt with by the technical personnel through consultation. The construction structure shall not be damaged at will, and the pre-buried shall be reserved after the design acceptance is passed before the next process construction can be continued.
1) The pipe buried in the wall or concrete shall have a net distance of not less than 15mm from the surface; when the steel pipe is hidden in the cast-in-situ concrete slab, 15mm thick concrete shall be properly added under the steel pipe The cushion serves as a support.
2) When steel pipes pass through roof slabs and external walls, they need to be waterproofed.
3) The buried height and depth, and the equipment installation height should be determined based on the height from the final ground.
4) The steel bar used as lightning protection down conductor and grounding body adopts lap welding, and the lap length of the steel end is greater than 6 times the diameter of the steel bar, and at least three sides welding (both sides and one end) , To ensure electrical access. During the construction of the main reinforcement in the structural column, the steel bar used as the down-conductor shall be painted with eye-catching red paint for accurate search during construction.
6, lightning grounding system installation and equipotential
(1) Lightning in
present The lightning protection level of the project is level three,Set the total equipotential bonding. air-termination device : Use No. 10 galvanized round steel as lightning protection belt on the roof, and the grid of lightning protection connection lines on the roof shall not be larger than 20×20m or 24×16m. Down-lead wire: use four outer No. 10 steel reinforcement nets as down-lead wire, the spacing is not more than 25 meters, the upper side of the down-lead wire is welded with the lightning protection belt; grounding and safety: the grounding type of this project adopts the TN-CS system, and the power supply is in the home Repeated grounding is done everywhere, and over-voltage protection devices are installed at the inlets of each weak current system.
The grounding device shall be welded by lap welding, and the lap length shall meet the following requirements:
span5 steel br9 The joint should be twice the width of the flat steel, and no less than three-sided welding;
2) round steel should be 6 times the diameter of the round steel, double-sided welding;
3) The overlap between flat steel and round steel should be 6 times the diameter of round steel, double-sided welding; Angle steel On both sides of the outer side, or close to the surface of the steel pipe 3/4 steel pipe, the upper and lower sides are welded.
5) The strong current, weak current, and lightning protection grounding systems of this project are uniformly set up,Use a common ground electrode, and the total grounding resistance is not greater than ohm . If the requirements are not met, take effective resistance reduction measures such as supplementing the ground electrode.
(2) Lightning protection for electrical equipment
_span_span 6 high and low voltage switch cabinets are installed in the distribution room. Lead to the indoor pressure equalizing ring, and the metal components involved are also reliably grounded.
2) At the entrances of all buried entrance wires of the building complex, ground the outer metal sheath of the entrance cables and the entrance metal wall bushings, and lead the grounding wires to the integrated grounding electrode.
(3) equipotential connection system
equipotential connection is set to prevent the human body from touching the hazard of the system. Reserve 100×10 copper tape as the main grounding wire at the appropriate column in the substation and distribution room, and set a total equipotential bonding terminal board. The main grounding wire should be reliably welded to the main steel bar in the column. The metal shell of all electrical equipment is adopted The copper core wire is reliably connected to the grounded flat steel, and the non-charged metal shells of all other electrical equipment should be reliably connected to the dedicated grounding wire. The metal shells, threaded steel pipes, cable sheaths, brackets, etc. of electrical equipment that may be charged when the insulation is damaged should be reliably connected to the grounding device.Make local equipotential bonding in wet places such as fire control room , weak current equipment room and toilet. The PE grounding trunk terminal board LEB is installed in each power distribution room and electric shaft, and galvanized round steel or VV cable pipe is used to connect with the general equipotential terminal board MEB of the building. The total equipotential bonding line uses 40×4 galvanized flat steel. The total equipotential connection adopts various types of equipotential clamps, and welding on metal pipes is not allowed.
7. Support and hanger production and installation
, use all kinds of materials to make the bracket reasonably , Make the best use of everything.
The blanking size is strictly controlled by the team leader in accordance with the technical requirements to minimize the scrap rate.
steel welding must ensure that at least three sides are fully welded, and the welding slag must be removed immediately after welding.
All supports and hangers are painted with two coats of anti-rust paint and one top coat.
The support and hanger are installed with suitable expansion bolts, and the fixed expansion bolts must be operated in strict accordance with the regulations to be firm and reliable. The support and hanger cross arm is guaranteed to be within 0.1mm and the height The deviation does not exceed 1mm.
8, enclosed busbar mounting
(1) unpacking the inventory check
1) unpacking the inventory an examination,It shall be jointly carried out by the representatives of the construction unit, the representatives of the supervision unit, the supplier and the construction unit, and shall be recorded.
2) The busbar section signs are clear and complete, the appearance is not damaged or deformed, and there is no internal damage. The resistance meets the design requirements.
3) According to the bus bar arrangement diagram and packing list, check the enclosed bus bar, incoming box, plug-in switch box and accessories, and their specifications and quantities meet the requirements.
(2) Bracket production
If the bracket is not suitable for the on-site installation of the bracket or the supplier does not provide the supporting document, the bracket is produced. The specific requirements are as follows:
1) According to the structure type of the construction site, the supports and hangers are made of angle steel and channel steel.
2) The bracket is cut by a cutting machine, and the maximum error of the processing size is 5mm. Use bench drill and electric hand drill to drill holes. It is strictly forbidden to use gas to cut holes, and the hole diameter shall not exceed the bolt diameter of 2mm.
3) The thread of the boom is processed by an electric threading machine without any broken wires.
4) The bracket and hanger are finished,Remove welding slag, and brush anti-rust paint and top coat.
(3) Bracket installation
, And set up the bracket and hanger according to the specified spacing.
2) The spacing between the straight line brackets is not more than 2m, and the brackets and hangers must be installed firmly.
3) Brackets for horizontal laying of busbars: "︺" type hangers or "L" type brackets can be used, and expansion bolts are used to fix on the roof or wall 0 4 ) There are no less than two expansion bolt fixing brackets. One hanger adopts two suspension rods, which are firmly fixed, the screw buckle is exposed with 2 to 4 buckles, the expansion bolts are added with flat washers and spring washers, and the hanger adopts double nuts for clamping.
5) The brace and the welding place of the brace and the embedded parts should be painted evenly with anti-corrosion paint, no brush leakage, and no pollution to the building.
(4) Closed bus installation
1) Arrange the diagram according to the busTransport each section of the bus bar, plug-in switch box, and wire entry box to each installation location.
2) Before installation, measure the insulation resistance of the bus bar section by section, and the resistance value shall not be less than 10MΩ.
3) According to the bus arrangement diagram, install from the beginning to the front.
4) When the segment is connected to the segment, the two adjacent segments of the bus and the shell are aligned, and the bus and the shell are not subject to additional stress after the connection. When connecting, insert the small end of the busbar into the big end of the other busbar, pad the matching insulation board between the busbars and the outside of the busbar, then put on the insulating bolts, flat washers and spring washers, and then screw on the nuts. Tighten the torque wrench to reach the specified torque, and finally fix the upper and lower covers. The busbar connection is connected by insulating bolts.
5) The position of the interphase short circuit board of the shell is correct, the connection is good, the interphase support plate is installed firmly, and the segmented insulated shell is well insulated.
6) The end of the plug-in bus is equipped with a closed cover, and the cover of the lead hole must be complete. The connection of the shell of each bus bar must be detachable, with jumper wires between the shells, and reliable grounding.
(5) Segment test
, each bus can be connected to a certain number of busbars in the process of connectingAnd make a record to control the insulation at the joint at any time, and the segment test continues until the system test after the busbar is installed.
(6) Trial operation
must be cleaned before the busbar is connected to the busbars Check whether the connecting bolts and fasteners between the busbars are loose; use megohmmeter to measure the phase-to-phase, relative zero, and phase-to-ground insulation resistance, and make a record; check that the test meets the requirements and send power to No-load operation has no abnormal phenomena within 24 hours, go through the acceptance procedures, and submit it to the construction unit for use, and submit the acceptance documents (including design drawings, design change records, product qualification certificates, instructions, test records, trial operation records, etc.).
9, distribution box
5span 10 when the height of the distribution box should be the same.
The iron parts needed to install the distribution box are all pre-embedded. The assembled electric box is fixed by metal expansion bolts.
The iron panel of the distribution box with appliances, the door with appliances and the metal shell of appliances have obvious and reliable PE wire grounding.The PE wire is not allowed to be connected in series with boxes and boxes.
The wiring on the distribution box needs to be arranged neatly, tied into a bundle, and fixed at both ends of the movable part. There is a proper margin for the lead-in and lead-in wires from the panel to facilitate maintenance.
The wire core must not be damaged at the stripped part of the wire. The wire crimp must be firm and reliable. Multi-strand wires must not be crimped in coils, and crimp terminals must be installed (except for crimping holes). If it is necessary to perforate and crimp with top wire, multi-strand wire shall be crimped after tinning, and the number of wire strands shall not be reduced.
The power indicator on the distribution box, its power is connected to the outside of the main switch, and a separate fuse (power side) is installed.
The neutral line of the zero connection system shall be grounded repeatedly at the lead-in line or the end of the box.
The zero bus is branched on the distribution box with a terminal board, and the branch circuit of the neutral terminal board is arranged in a position corresponding to the fuse.
The bus sleeve on the distribution box has yellow (A phase), green (B phase), red (C phase), purple and black stripes (N line) and other color ribbons, two-color The wire is a protective ground wire (yellow-green, also called PE wire).
After all the electrical appliances of the distribution box are installed,Use a 500V megohmmeter to test the insulation of the line. The telemetry items include between the phase line and the phase line, between the phase line and the ground line, and between the phase line and the neutral line. The two of them carried out telemetry and made records at the same time as technical data for archiving.
The grounding (zeroing) wire laying of electrical equipment, appliances and non-metallic parts meets the following requirements: the connection is tight and firm, the grounding (zeroing) wire section is selected correctly, and the parts that need corrosion protection are painted Uniform and no omissions, no pollution to equipment and buildings, reasonable route direction, and accurate color code.
10, trough, bridge installation
(1) production installation bracket
based on construction design and elevation Wire trough and bridge specifications, measure the size on site, and then make the bracket according to the measured size. It is hoisted along the bottom of the beam or mounted on the wall bracket where there is no suspended ceiling, and is hoisted in the suspended ceiling or mounted on the wall bracket where there is a suspended ceiling. In public places without suspended ceilings, combined with structural members and considering the aesthetics of the building and convenient maintenance, it is installed against the wall and column brackets. The hanger is planned to be welded on the embedded iron, and the brackets installed against the wall are fixed by expansion bolts. The distance between the brackets is 1.25 to 1.5 meters. When the bridge is installed vertically, the distance is not more than 2 meters. At the junction of the straight section and the non-straight section, and in the middle of the non-straight section with a bending radius greater than 300mm, a support and hanger should be added. The installation of the support and hanger must ensure that the level or verticality of the bridge meets the requirements.
(2) Bridge installation
The sharp edges of the wire grooves and bridges after cutting are smoothed to prevent the cable from being worn out, and the cutting surface is coated with anti-corrosion paint. The material, model, thickness and accessories of the bridge frame meet the design requirements.
2) Before installing the cable duct and bridge, it must be coordinated with various professions to avoid conflicts with large-caliber fire-fighting pipes, sprinkler pipes, water supply pipes, drainage pipes, and air conditioning and exhaust equipment.
3) The wire trough, the bridge and the bracket are fixed by bolts, and the size should be carefully checked at the turning point. The bridge and the bridge are connected by a connecting plate, and the connecting bolts are half-round head bolts, and the half-round head is on the inner side of the bridge. The gap between the bridges must meet the design requirements to ensure that the bridges of a system are connected as a whole.
4) The cable duct and bridge should be installed horizontally and vertically, neatly and beautifully, with consistent distances, and firm connections. The deviation of horizontality in the same horizontal plane should not exceed 5mm/m, and the deviation of straightness should not exceed 5mm/m.
5) The wire trough, the bridge frame and the steel pipe are fixed with a locking gong nut, and the pipe mouth is protected. The metal cable tray and its brackets and the metal cable ducts leading in or out must be grounded or reliably connected to zero. The specific regulations are as follows:
Connect to the zero trunk line.
The two ends of the connecting plate between the galvanized cable trays are not connected to the ground wire, but the two ends of the connecting plate are not less than 2 connecting fixing bolts with lock nuts or lock washers.
11, pipe laying
(1) Pipe laying
1) basic requirements laid underground pipe The following is: the electric wires, pipes, nozzles, and pipe joints laid in dusty and humid places should be sealed; wires and pipes should be laid along the nearest route and bends should be minimized,Pipes buried in walls or concrete should have a net distance of no less than 15mm from the surface; wires and pipes buried in the ground should not pass through the equipment foundation.
2) Prefabrication
, when the pipe is simmered with 20mm diameter and below: When the pipe diameter is 25mm and above, use a hydraulic simmering bender.
pipe cutting: Use a hacksaw, pipe cutter, and grinder to cut the pipe, measure the size of the pipe to be cut, and place it in the jaws for firm cutting. The cutting fracture should be flat and not skewed, the nozzle should be smooth and free of burrs, and the iron filings in the pipe should be cleaned.
pipe threading: using electric threading machine. It should be noted that the coolant is poured in time, the thread is not messy but not long, and the slag is eliminated, and the thread is clean and clear.
3) Determine the box and box position: Determine the box and box axis position according to the design requirements, and use the horizontal line of the civil engineering as the reference. The line is aligned, and the actual size of the box and box is marked.
4) Fixing the box and box: first stabilize the box and box, and then grouting. The mortar is required to be full, flat and firm, and in the correct position. The cast-in-place concrete slab wall is fixed with fixed boxes and boxes plus brackets; cast-in-place concrete floor slabs, the box is blocked and the bottom plate steel reinforcement is fixed firmly, after the pipeline is equipped, the concrete pouring construction is completed at the same time as the civil construction.
5) Pipe connection
galvanized steel pipes, when dark matchingThe length of the pipe end sleeve wire is not less than one-half of the pipe joint, and the thread is coated with conductive grease, and the effective engagement is not less than 5 buckles. The pipeline should be grounded as a whole.
If the length of the pipeline exceeds the following length, a junction box should be installed, and its location should be convenient for threading. 45m when there is no bend; 30m when there is one bend; 20m when there are two bends; 12m when there are three bends.
Pipe into box and box connection: The box and box openings should be neat and consistent with the pipe diameter. The box and box should be opened with a hole opener to ensure that the opening is free of burrs. One hole for one pipe, no long holes are allowed. It is strictly forbidden to open holes in iron boxes and boxes by electric welding or gas welding, and brush with anti-rust paint. The nozzle enters the box and the box, and the nozzle is locked with a nut, and the threaded fasteners that expose the locking nut are 2-4 buckles. Two or more tubes should enter the box and box with the same length, uniform spacing and neat arrangement.
6) Laying method of concealed pipe
, when the wall is built, the wall is equipped with the pipe. The mouth should be sealed to prevent the pipe from being blocked by cement mortar or other debris. When the upward lead pipe has a ceiling, the upper end of the pipe should be simmered into 900 bends into the ceiling, and the pipe should not be too long from the top plate downwards, until it reaches the upper opening of the switch box. When the partition wall is built, first stabilize the box and then short it. Tube.
cast-in-place concrete floor piping: first find the exact position, pop up the cross line according to the thickness of the wall around the room, fix the blocked box firmly, and then apply the pipe. When there are more than two boxes,To draw a straight line. The length of the pipe entering the box should be appropriate, and the pipe should be tied firmly with lead wire every 1m or so. If the lamp exceeds 3kg, a special boom should be installed.
After the concealed pipe is laid, on the basis of passing the self-inspection, promptly notify the contracting party and the supervision representative to check the acceptance, and carefully fill in the concealed project acceptance record.
(2) Laying of open pipe
2) Fixed box, box and fixed point position: first measure the exact position of box, box and outlet according to the construction drawings, and then pull out the vertical and horizontal direction of the pipeline according to the measured position For straight lines, determine the specific positions of the brackets and hangers in accordance with the size requirements of the fixed point spacing specified in the installation standard. The distance between the fixed points should be even, and the distance between the pipe clamp and the terminal, the midpoint of turning, the edge of the electrical appliance or the junction box should be 150-500mm.
3) Fixing method of supports and hangers: According to the structural characteristics of this project, the fixation of supports and hangers mainly adopts expanding pipe method (that is, drilling holes in the concrete roof and fixing them with expansion bolts).
4) The steel pipe adopts wire connection when matching,The length of the pipe end sleeve wire is not less than one-half of the pipe joint, and the thread is coated with conductive grease, and the effective engagement is not less than 5 buckles. The pipeline should be grounded as a whole.
12, cable laying (1) construction preparation
1
) cable should conduct a detailed inspection before construction, The specifications, models, cross-sections, and voltage levels must all meet the requirements, and there should be no distortion or damage in appearance.
2) Conduct insulation shake test or withstand voltage test before cable laying. For cables below 1kV, use a 1kV shaker to measure the insulation resistance between the wires and the ground not less than 10MΩ. After shaking test, the core wire should be discharged to the ground. After the cable test is completed, the end of the cable shall be sealed with a rubber cloth. Wrap it with black tape.
3) Installation of cable laying equipment: When mechanical laying of cables is used, the machine should be installed in an appropriate position, and the steel wire rope and pulley should be installed. Install the rollers in advance when putting the cables manually.
4) For laying of cables with short lines, they can be communicated with radio walkie-talkies and directed by holding loudspeakers.
long cable laying, radio walkie-talkie can be used as directional communication,Simple telephone as a full-line communication, hold a loudspeaker or use a multi-function amplifier to command
When laying multiple cables on the bridge, according to the actual situation of the site, the arrangement of the cables should be in the form of tables or diagrams in advance Draw it out to prevent cable crossing and confusion.
5) The cable is transported in a short distance, usually by rolling the cable shaft. When scrolling, you should scroll in the direction indicated by the arrow on the cable shaft. If there is no arrow, it can be rolled in the direction of the cable winding, and must not be rolled in the opposite direction to avoid the cable slack.
6) The selection of the erection location of the cable bracket should be based on the principle of convenient installation. Generally, it should be near the start and end points of the cable. When erecting, pay attention to the direction of rotation of the cable shaft, and the cable outlet should be above the cable shaft.
(2) Cable laying
1) The laying method can be manual or mechanical traction.
2) When cables are laid along the bridge, they should be laid in a single layer, neatly arranged, and no crosses are allowed. The bend shall be subject to the allowable bending radius of the maximum cross-section cable. It is strictly forbidden to twist the cable, break the sheath and severely scratch the surface. Cables with large cross-sectional area are placed in the lower layer, and the cable turns and branches are not disordered, and the direction is neat and clear.
3) When the cable passes through the floor, a sleeve should be installed. After laying, the gap between the sleeve and the floor should be blocked with fireproof materials.
(3) Sorting, plugging holes and placing signs
should be reliable when there are no obvious cracks in plugging the cable holes of 1) And visible pores, when the pores are large, add refractory lining and then plug them. For the reserved holes in the cable shaft for cables to pass through, after the equipment is installed, the holes must be sealed with flame-retardant fire-resistant materials. When the cable tray passes through the fire compartment, fire-resistant materials shall be used for sealing to meet the requirements. Fire protection requirements.
2) Hanging signs
The signs should have the same specifications and have anti-corrosion function, and the hanging should be firm.
The circuit number, cable number, specification, model and voltage level should be indicated on the sign plate.
3) When laying cables along the bridge, sign boards should be hung at both ends, bends, and intersections, and sign boards should be appropriately added to the straight section. A sign board should be hung every 2 meters. The finished product should be protected after construction.
13. Threading in the pipe
The wire specification of each 5span span should be selected strictly according to the design of the 5span circuit specifications.Phase wires, neutral wires and protective ground wires should be distinguished. Use yellow, green, and red wires as A, B, and C phase wires, yellow and green wires as ground wires, and black wires as neutral wires.
(2) threading: the purpose of threading is to check whether the pipeline is unblocked, the direction of the pipeline and the quality of the box and box meet the requirements of the design and construction drawings. The strip line adopts φ2mm steel wire, first bend one end of the steel wire into an unsealed circle, and then use the threader to thread the strip into the pipeline, leaving a margin of 10-15cm at both ends of the pipeline (in the pipeline For long or long turns, you can lay the pipe and wear the belt line at the same time). When the threading line is blocked, two steel wires can be used to penetrate the two ends of the pipeline separately and stir at the same time, so that the ends of the two steel wires are hooked and twisted together, and then the belt line is pulled out.
(3) Cleaning the pipeline: After piping is completed, all pipelines must be cleaned before threading. The purpose of cleaning the pipeline is to remove dust, muddy water and other debris in the pipeline. The specific method is as follows: Bind both ends of the cloth strip firmly to the belt line, and the two people pull the belt line back and forth to clean the debris in the tube.
(4) Pay-off and disconnection
The wire should be placed on the wire pay-off rack or the wire car, and the wire should not be dragged on the ground at will, let alone be brutally used, to prevent damage to the insulation layer or break the wire core.
2) Wire break: When cutting the wire, the reserved length of the wire shall be considered according to the following conditions: The reserved length of the wire in the junction box, switch box, socket box and lamp holder box is 15cm; inside the distribution box The reserved length of the wire is 1/2 of the circumference of the distribution box; the reserved length of the wire out of the house is 1.5m,The trunk line is at the branch and can be directly used as a branch joint without cutting the wire.
(5) Bundling of wires and strips
. When the number of wires is reduced, the cores can be cut off. Insert it directly into the coil with wire and fold it back to compact, and bind firmly; when the number of wires is large or the cross-section of the wire is large, the insulation layer at the front of the wire can be cut off, and then the cores are arranged on the wire in an oblique and staggered manner. , Wrap tightly with a binding wire.
(6) Threading
Before threading the pipes, check whether the pipes are fully protected and missing and repaired. replace. Pay attention to the following items when threading:
1) The wires of the same AC circuit must be threaded in the same tube;
2) Different circuits, different voltages and AC and DC wires must not be used. Inside the tube;
3) The compensation device should move freely at the deformation seam, and the wire should have a certain margin.
(7) Wire connection
The wire connection should not be able to reduce the original value of resistance; Dielectric strength.In order to meet the above requirements, when the wire is electrically connected, the insulation must be cut off before the connection is made, and then welding is added, and the insulation is wrapped. When the wire is connected to the equipment or appliance through the terminal, use the hand crimping pliers to crimp the terminal.
(8) Wire welding
There are two types of welding: Electric soldering iron is suitable for the connection of wires with smaller diameters and places where it is difficult to solder with other tools (such as in the ceiling). Add flux to the wire connection and solder with an electric soldering iron.
2) Blow torch heating method (or heating with electric furnace): Put the solder in the tin spoon, and then heat it with a blow torch. The solder can be welded after the solder is melted. The temperature must be controlled during heating to prevent the phenomenon that the temperature is too high and the tin is not full or the temperature is too low to be uneven.
3) After the welding is completed, the welding flux and other dirt must be wiped off with a cloth.
(9) Wire wrap
2 Winding is overlapped by half the width.In the wrapping process, the insulation tape should be tightened as much as possible (generally, the rubber insulation tape is stretched twice and then wound). Then wrap the insulating layer for 1 to 2 times and then rewind it, and finally wrap it with black tape. When wrapping, it should be connected well and wrapped with a half-width side crimping.
(10) The connection between core wire and electrical equipment
span5 span5 span5 span5 span5 span 5 span 5span electrical equipment directly below the cross-sectional area of the copper core in the 6mm2 and the equipment .
2) Multi-strand copper core wires with a cross-sectional area greater than 2.5mm2, except for the equipment with plug-in terminals, which are connected to the terminals of equipment and appliances; before the multi-strand copper core wires are connected to plug-in terminals, The ends must be tightened and tinned.
3) The terminal wiring of each equipment and appliance shall not be more than 2 wires.
(11) circuit inspection and insulation shaking test:
, after the completion of the welding and welding of , 1) Check whether the wire connection, welding, and packaging meet the design requirements and the relevant construction acceptance specifications and quality acceptance standards. Any non-compliance should be corrected immediately, and the insulation test can be carried out after the inspection is correct.
2) Insulation shaking test: Insulation shaking test of conductor line generally selects a 500V, a megger with a range of 0～500MΩ.During the test, one person shakes the meter, and the other person should read in time and fill in the "insulation resistance test record" truthfully. The shaking speed should be kept at about 120r/min, and the reading should be taken one minute later.
14, the lighting fixture is mounted
(1) switch, socket
1) cleaning
Use a small brush to gently clean the remaining ash and debris out of the junction box, and then wipe the dust inside the box with a damp cloth.
2) Wiring
The wiring of the switch must be through the switch of the electrical appliance (or the fan controlled by the coil). The switches in the same place must switch in the same direction.
socket wiring: facing the socket, the left hole of the socket is connected to the neutral wire, the right hole is connected to the phase wire, and the upper hole is grounded, that is, the left "zero" and the right "phase" are on the "ground". The phase sequence of the wiring of the three-phase socket in the same place is the same.
The ground or neutral wire is not connected in series between the sockets.
3) Switch and socket installation
After completing the switch or socket, push the switch or socket in the junction box into the socket Inside (if the box is deeper and larger than 2.5cm, a bottomless box should be installed), align the eye of the box and fix it firmly with screws. When fixing, make the panel straight and flush with the wall.
When installing, the switch panel should be straight, tight and flat with the wall; the switch position should correspond to the lamp position, and the switch directions in the same room should be the same; the switch heights installed in a row should be the same, and the height difference It should not be larger than 2mm.
When the panels of switches and sockets are installed side by side, the height difference is allowed to be 0.5mm. For switches in the same place, the allowable deviation of the height of the socket is 5mm, and the vertical allowable deviation of the panel is 0.5mm. Span6span
Determine the lamp position. If it is a row of lamps,Position the center line and cross line of the lamp position first. For lamps installed in rows, the allowable deviation of the center line is 5mm. When opening the lamp position hole on the ceiling plate, drill a small hole at the center of the lamp, and then expand the ceiling plate eye hole according to the lamp frame size, so that the lamp frame can cover the ceiling hole. Light-weight lamps are directly fixed on the ceiling keel, lamps over 3kg need to be equipped with lamp hangers, and the hangers use φ8 galvanized round steel rods.
2) Ceiling luminaire installation
According to the design drawing, make sure that the luminaire is completely covered by the top of the building. The lamp holder box, and the lamp is fixed with an expander bolt. Place a plastic hose where the power cord enters the light entry hole to protect the wire. If the lamp is installed on the suspended ceiling, use self-tapping bolts to fix the lamp body on the keel.
3) For lamps over 3kg, there must be a special support and hanger, and the support and hanger must be installed firmly and reliably. The insulation protection of the wire entering the lighting appliance is good, the wire core is not damaged, the connection is firm and tight, and there is a proper margin.
4) Wiring inside the lamp
The wiring inside the lamp must not be fixed at the branch connection requirements and the related stress must be fixed. The end of the multi-strand cord needs to be coiled and tinned, and the connection wire of the lamp should be coated with anti-rust conductive grease. The inlet is tightly sealed with a rubber gasket, and the lamp housing must be reliably connected to the PE wire.For lamps installed in rows, the allowable deviation of the center line is 5mm.
Careful inspections and patrols should be made to check whether the control of the lamps is flexible and accurate; whether the switch corresponds to the control sequence of the lamps. If a problem is found, the power must be turned off first, and then the cause should be found and repaired. It runs for 24 hours continuously, all lamps are turned on, and the operating status is recorded once every 2 hours. If there is no failure during the continuous trial operation, the handover and acceptance can be carried out.
15. Check the wiring of the motor
carefully and be familiar with the wiring method of the motor before starting the motor. Conduct an insulation test. When wiring, first disassemble the junction box and use a multimeter to measure whether the three-phase winding is open. The wiring can be performed under normal conditions. The connection terminal of the motor and the cable head must be tightly connected, free from external force, and the locking device of the connection fastener is complete and complete. In the motor junction box, the minimum distance between the exposed conductors of different phases and between the conductors and the ground must comply with the regulations.
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