Marvel movie "Shangqi", dragon, phoenix, Qilin , Nine-tailed Fox , Dijiang , 未分 , 未分 all come from one of the oldest strange books of our Chinese nation, "Shan Hai Jing", , and Zuo Wu from the popular movie "Hand Where Are the Fantastic Beasts ", also comes from this book.
"Shangqi" Qilin
"Shan Hai Jing" This treasure-level cultural IP has not only been popular in China's research and discussion, but also many foreign scholars are fascinated by it.
American historian Henriet MetzStep by 50 years to verify the content recorded in "Shan Hai Jing" step by step, and found that some of the geographical conditions described in the book actually match the mountains and rivers of the American continent! Finally, she came to a conclusion:
Mountains and seas recorded in detail 46 tall mountains in the United States, including the animals and plants that once existed in this area.
The book of "Shan Hai Jing" is a long time ago, but it involves various aspects such as history, geography, mythology, astronomy, animals and plants, medicine and witches, folk customs, etc., so it leaves many unsolved mysteries for future generations.
There are several mysteries when reading "Shan Hai Jing":
- The author became a mystery: Who created it?
- Region is a mystery: does it record China geography or world geography?
- Species become a mystery: Do the bizarre animals in the book really exist?
Who wrote the "Shan Hai Jing"?
"Shan Hai Jing" is now circulated in 18 volumes, including one volume of North Mountain, South Mountain, East Mountain, West Mountain and Zhongshan. It is abbreviated as " Mountain Classic ". mainly introduces some strange birds, beasts, mountain spirits and monsters.
There is also a volume overseas one in the southeast, northwest and northwest, one in the southeast, northwest, and one in the southwest, and one in the east, east, south, and northwest. It is called the "Sea Scroll". mainly focuses on geographical ecology and strange folk customs.
Who wrote such a broad "Shan Hai Jing"?
The most common saying is that Dayu During the process of controlling floods, he traveled all over the world, and divided the nine states. He asked his subordinates to record all the unknown creatures they encountered and wrote the "Shan Hai Jing".
"Dayu's Sayings" The earliest and clear proposer was Liu Xiang and Liu Xin father and son. They collected the scattered thirty-two volumes of "Shan Hai Jing" into eighteen volumes. Liu Xin's "Shan Hai Jing Table" wrote:
"I have decided to leave the Jiuzhou and serve as a tribute to the post, and have benefited the good and evil of the Shan Hai Jing".
Eastern Han Dynasty Wang Chong's "Lunheng·Bietong" also supports it:
"Yu is the master of traveling to the water, and the master of remembering foreign objects. Overseas mountain surfaces, and everywhere, he goes to everything. He uses what he remembers to write "Shan Hai Jing""
Tai Shigong When he wrote "Records of the Grand Historian", he felt strange and absurd about the creatures and phenomena described in "Shan Hai Jing" and wrote a 4-word evaluation: "I dare not tell you."
From this we can see that the appearance of "Shan Hai Jing" was at least inferred between the Western Han Dynasty and the Early Xia Dynasty.
However, as we all know, the existence of Xia Dynasty has been debated so far, and there is no mature font system. The source of Chinese characters, oracle bone inscriptions, only appeared in Shang Dynasty . Therefore, the view that "Shan Hai Jing" originated from the "Tang and Yu period" is not recognized by the public.
Eastern Jin The famous sorcerer Guo Pu raised questions about the "Preface to the Classic of Mountains and Seas" he wrote. He believed that:
" This book (Shan Hai Jing) spans seven generations, with three thousand generations throughout the ages. Although it was temporarily revealed in the Han Dynasty, it was also a waste of time."
Guo Pu's view is also recognized by many people in later generations. "Shan Hai Jing" was continuously integrated by generations, so the specific compilation time does not exist. It belongs to the editors of every era.
These creators should be like Guo Pu, who are people who study alchemy, because records a lot of content about gods and sacrifices in the book, and usually only those who are engaged in divination and sacrifices are familiar with it.
Mr. Lu Xun also said that "Shan Hai Jing" "Ancient Witch Book".
The mysterious concept of space in "Shan Hai Jing"
The reason why "Shan Hai Jing" makes people feel mysterious is roughly divided into two aspects: Space and time.
Space was originally a concept in geography, and then gradually extended to many disciplines such as physics and astronomy.
The division of space levels in "Shan Hai Jing"
Modern Studies The author calls the space in the book "Shan Hai Jing" "mountain space" . Simply put, it is a space constructed under the action of fantasy.
In "Shan Hai Jing", the expression of space is to express external space through mountains or some birds, insects, fish and animals.
"Shan Hai Jing"'s expression of "mountain" and "sea" actually represents two different hierarchical structures of space.
When describing each mountain, the mountain first determines the direction of the mountain, and then further marks the mineral, animal and plant resources within the mountain range, and then describes the ht of things in the mountain. ml1 supernatural phenomenon , and finally the water system or the origin of the river belonging to the mountain is indicated. For example:
400 miles southwest, it is called Kunlun hill, Shenluwu is in charge of it. Its spirit is like a tiger body and nine tails, human face and tiger claws. This is the god, when the nine divisions of the sky and the emperor's garrison... there is a tree, which looks like a crabapple, yellow flower and red solid, tastes like plums but has no core, called Shatang, which can control water, eat it so that people do not drown out the river water... The river water comes out, and flows southward in Wuda...
First talk about the direction: (Huaijiangshan) Kunlun Mountain 400 miles southwest; there is a god of heaven in the mountains Luwu , which looks like a human face and a tiger body and nine tails; The magical phenomenon is that eating Shatang fruit can float in the water without sinking; The Yellow River water originates from Kunlun Mountain, then flows southward, and then flows eastward into Wuda Mountain.
The "Sea Classic" changes the direction of the southeast, northwest and northwest in the "Sea Classic".
The twisted space in "Sea Classic·Great Wilderness Classic" is not in the true sense The absolute distortion of the space, the things and things mentioned lose their actual appearance, forming the distortion caused by their mutation and weirdness.
For example, it talks about the "Chengdu Zaitian" mountain in the Great Wilderness. There is a person with two yellow snakes hanging on his ears and two yellow snakes holding two yellow snakes in his hands. It is called Kuafu . Houtu gave birth to Xin, and Xin gave birth to Kuafu.
Kuafu always wanted to chase the sun. He chased him to Yugu. He was thirsty and didn't drink enough water in the Yellow River. Kuafu planned to run to the north to drink the water from Daze. Before he reached Daze, he died of thirst halfway.
In addition to Kuafu chases the sun, he also talked about Zhuanxu , Huangdi fights Chiyou , ml1 Dayu controls floods and these characters and stories that are close to myths create a mysterious and bizarre spatial aesthetics.
In addition, the creatures in "Shan Hai Jing" can be used to embody time. The god of Zhongshan Zhuyin, "consider it as day, eyes darkness is night, blowing it as winter, and calling it as summer," Zhuyin produces day and night in the eyes of opening and closing the eyes, and the four seasons change.
Attach abstract time to monsters. Does it break our definition of time?
The magical species in "Shan Hai Jing"
The "Shan Hai Jing" records about more than 400 kinds of divine beasts and strange birds, showing us a foreign world full of fantasy colors.
In Ancient Greek mythology, most of the gods are people with perfect golden ratios. In "Shan Hai Jing", except for a few real creatures, the rest are all images such as human-faced snake bodies, dragon-headed bird bodies, and nine-orc-faced human-faced images.
This is the ancestors who misaligned the animal organs and some limb structures to create the image of gods and monsters out of worship and desire.
The images of monsters in "Shan Hai Jing" can be roughly divided into two types: one is that humans and beasts coexist, such as the candle shade of human heads and snakes, enlightened beasts with nine heads, human faces and tiger bodies, horse body, human faces, with bird wings and snake tails, Shuhu ...
Another type is splicing type, like a pair of pairs of blue beasts, Qiongqi, with a tiger body with a pair of wings, looks like fox , a yellow horn on the back...
In addition, there are some people with strange shapes, such as Sanshou Kingdom, Intestineless Kingdom , Yimi Kingdom, and a piercing chest country with holes in the chest.
The images of gods and monsters in "Shan Hai Jing" are so weirdly portrayed, which also reflects the psychological characteristics of the ancestors' desire to worship nature and eternal life, and contains a primitive culture that is sensual and imaginative.
Although "Shan Hai Jing" records a large number of images and legends of gods and monsters, its most obvious flaw is its lack of narrative and emotional warmth.
For example, the myth of the prince Changqin in the Great Wilderness Sutra:
" Zhurong gave birth to the prince Changqin, which was in the mountain and started to have the musical wind. There are three colorful birds, one is the emperor bird, one is the phoenix bird, and the other is the Phoenix bird ".
Prince Changqin is the son of the Vulcan God Zhurong, and information about his appearance, ability, and personality are blank. The instrumental narrative of
is very similar to the current manual.
In the cultural fault without text, these hodgepodge information is passed down from word to mouth and constantly mixed. There is no way to prove who has witnessed those magical geographical scenery. While retaining the characteristics of curiosity, it is streamlined and refined to facilitate dissemination.
Perhaps a lot of circulating comes from the older wilderness era, some totems and beliefs based on imagination were transformed into gods and monsters, and fantasy words.
But what attracts "Shan Hai Jing" lies in its mysterious color. As Guo Pu said:
"The world calls different, and the world calls different, and the world calls different, and the world calls different, and the world calls different, and the world calls different, and the world calls different."
respects the unknown, which is why people often say that "Shan Hai Jing" does not belong to any era, and it is more like the product of another space-time.
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