was developing the Makarov PM pistol, the Soviet Union developed a matching 9x18mm Makarov pistol. According to the design indicators proposed by the Soviet military, this bullet should maximize its stopping effect at close range while reducing its size, and its power should be moderate, so it can be used on a free-action gun. Therefore, the projectile did not follow the technical road of small caliber and high muzzle velocity of 7.62x25mmTT pistol, but took the road of large caliber and low muzzle velocity. Under the condition of reduced total kinetic energy, the large-caliber warhead can transmit more kinetic energy as much as possible to ensure close Killing effectiveness within range. Compared with the old 7.62x25mmTT pistol, the muzzle velocity of the Makarov pistol has been reduced by about 100m/s, the total kinetic energy has been reduced by about 30%, and the recoil and muzzle noise have been significantly reduced by
9x18mm. reduce. Compared with the 9x19mm Parabellum pistol and the 9x17mm Browning short (.380ACP) which are widely used in Western countries, the 9x18mm Makarov pistol is between the two and smaller than the Par. Slightly larger than the .380ACP, it basically presses the upper limit of the small pistol with a free bolt action. It can be said that it is tailor-made for the Makarov PM pistol based on the free bolt action principle.
has a widely circulated saying that the Soviet 9x18mm Makarov bullets copied the German 9x18mm Ulta police pistol bullets. In fact, the Soviet Union began to research small self-defense pistol ammunition in 1940 before the outbreak of the Great Patriotic War. At that time, there was a 9x18mmPP39 pistol ammunition, which was the real predecessor of the 9x18mm Makarov ammunition. After the victory of the Great Patriotic War, the Soviet Union only used the relevant design of the German 9x18mm Ulta pistol to perfect its own 9x18mm bullet, and finally developed the 9x18mm Makarov bullet. In addition, although the size is 9x18mm, the Makarov and Ulta are not common, and the diameter of the warhead of the Makarov is larger.
9x19mm Ultra police pistol shells
9x18mm Ultra shells and 9x19mm Parabellum shells appearance comparison
From the 1950s to the beginning of this century, the Soviet Union and later Russia developed several types of 9x18mm Makarov pistol shells: The first 9x18mm Makarov pistol bullet produced by
9P ordinary bullet
is a 9P ordinary bullet. It uses a round-headed flat-bottomed lead-core fully armored bullet. The shape is round and blunt, and weighs 6.1g. It was originally a straight brass shell without bottom edge. The Dan bottom fire was changed to a painted steel shell to save costs, and the muzzle velocity was 315m/s on the Makarov PM pistol.
brass bullet shell 9P ordinary bullet
painted steel bullet shell 9P ordinary bullet
9Pst steel core ordinary bullet
9Pst steel core ordinary bullet is developed to reduce costs and save lead. Compared with the 9P ordinary bullet, the biggest feature of the 9Pst steel core ordinary bullet is that the bullet is changed from a lead core to a steel core. The shape of the steel core is very distinctive. It is mushroom-shaped with an enlarged head and a slightly smaller diameter of the "mushroom handle" at the back. The lead sleeve is filled between the "mushroom handle" and the quilt for buffering. The weight of the bullet is slightly lower than that of the 9P ordinary bullet, which is 5.9g. The bullet case is a copper-clad steel bullet case or a painted steel bullet case. This is the largest 9x18mm maca produced. Love pistol ammunition type.
copper-clad steel bullet shell 9Pst steel core ordinary bullet
painted steel bullet shell 9Pst steel core ordinary bullet
9Pst steel core ordinary bullet’s warhead and steel core
It should be noted that the 9Pst steel core ordinary bullet is more penetrating than the lead-cored 9P ordinary bullet The bullet is slightly larger, but its lead core shape is round and blunt, and the initial velocity is not improved compared to the 9P ordinary bullet. Therefore, it is not an armor-piercing bullet and cannot deal with protected targets. In addition, because the warhead has a steel core, the 9Pst ordinary bullet is shot indoors. There is a risk of ricocheting.
9PP (7N16) Enhanced Penetration Projectile
Considering the low muzzle velocity of the original 9P and 9Pst ordinary projectiles, the warhead kinetic energy and penetration are limited. In the late 1980s and early 1990s, the Soviet Union/Russia developed an enhanced 9x18mm Macallo. Bullet, used on the Makarov PMM pistol, this is the 9PP (7N16) increaseStrong penetration bomb. The warhead of the
9PP (7N16) projectile is tapered, and the weight is lighter than 9P and 9Pst ordinary projectiles, only 5.5g. There is a hard steel core in the warhead, which can penetrate the target when it hits a hard target, and the propellant is also powerful It is larger, so the muzzle velocity of the projectile is greatly increased, reaching 430m/s.
9PP (7N16) enhanced penetration bullet
9PP (7N16) enhanced penetration bullet
Since the chamber pressure of the 9PP (7N16) bullet is much higher than the 9P and 9Pst ordinary bullets, the Makarov PM pistol cannot be fired, only Used for Makarov PMM pistols and submachine guns.
PBM (7N25) armor-piercing projectile
This is an armor-piercing projectile developed by Russia in the late 1990s after the disintegration of the Soviet Union. Its warhead structure is borrowed from the Soviet Union’s 9x19mm7N31 armor-piercing projectile (a strong armor-piercing projectile developed based on the 9x19mm shell, which is a military pistol. Part of the replacement project "Crow") features an open-pointed warhead with an exposed steel core. The steel core material is hard alloy steel, the bottom of the warhead is hemispherical, and the steel core is covered with a lead sleeve in the middle. When this kind of bullet hits a hard target such as a body armor, the armor and lead sleeve can peel off the steel core like a sock, leaving a thin bullet core with a high cross-sectional specific kinetic energy to penetrate the protective material.
PBM (7N25) armor-piercing projectile
PBM (7N25) armor-piercing projectile profile
PBM (7N25) armor-piercing projectile
to increase the initial velocity, PBM (7N25) armor-piercing projectile weight is very light, only 4,805m/s for Makarov, PM hand gun And submachine gun.
SP7 stop-action enhanced ammunition
SP7 stop-action enhanced ammunition is a special bullet developed by the Soviet KGB in the 1970s and 1980s to improve the stopping effect of bullets. The SP7's warhead adopts a hollow-pointed bullet design, the front end is opened by armor, the front half of the warhead uses a plastic core, the back half is a lead core, and there is a tapered opening in front of the lead core. When hitting a human target, the SP7's warhead easily swells and the lead core turns out. In addition, the projectile's muzzle velocity is very high, 420m/s, so it can transmit and release a lot of kinetic energy and create a lot of trauma.
SP7 stop-action enhanced ammunition
SP7 stop-action enhanced ammunition
SP8 low penetration ammunition
SP8 low penetration ammunition is a special bullet specially developed for air security personnel against hijacking aircraft (the same purpose as our country’s Type 84 7.62mm pistol ammunition). The structure of the bullet is very similar to the SP7 stop-action enhanced bullet. The head is opened by armor. The front half of the bullet is made of plastic core and the second half is made of metal. However, the bullet is shortened and the weight is reduced, only 5g, plus the use of reduced charges. The muzzle velocity is only 250m/s. This design is used so that when the warhead hits the hijacker when shooting on the plane, it will not penetrate through or penetrate the aircraft skin.
SP8 low-penetration projectile
SP8 low-penetration projectile
SP8 (left) compared with SP7 (right), the former has a shorter warhead and a lighter weight. The
9PRS bullet
was developed by the Russian Ministry of Internal Affairs at the beginning of this century to reduce the probability of ricocheting when the warhead hits walls and hard targets. It is mainly used by law enforcement agencies indoors. The warhead of the 9PRS projectile is a lead core fully armored, and there is a hollow in the center of the lead core. When hitting a hard target, the warhead is very easy to deform and break to avoid ricocheting.
9PRS projectile
9PRS projectile profile
9PRS projectile warhead structure
PT tracer
This projectile is mainly used for submachine guns. The warhead is fully armored with lead core, there is a tracer tube at the tail, and the trailing powder is ignited. Can indicate trajectory.
PT tracer bullet
PT tracer bullet warhead section with tracer at the tailTube, press-fit tracer medicine.
In addition to the bullets introduced, the 9x18mm Makarov bullets also have empty-pack bullets, coach bullets and other auxiliary bullets, which are not listed here.
