Regarding the battle of Muye, history books leave a lot of descriptions, letting posterity understand the war that determined the fate of Shang and Zhou 3,000 years ago, but there are also many records that are difficult to read. One of them is the battle of Muye. "Wu Wang cuts down, before singing and dancing afterwards."
Qu Yuan's "Heavenly Questions": The three armies of the King of Wu, everyone fights happily, drives and rides together, goes to the enemy to fight for the first, singing before dancing, and cheering. "Shangshu Dazhuan": As for the Shangjiao, the king of Wu cuts down. As for the Shangjiao, he stops staying at night, and the soldiers sing and dance happily to wait for the day... But Bingwu, Wang Huanshi, the teacher is irritable, the teacher is melancholy, Qian Song "Back Dance"; "Baihutong Liyue": King Wu rises up, sings before and dances...
Combining these records shows that after King Wu cut out his army, he sang, laughed, sang and danced all the way, after arriving in the suburbs, the night before the battle of Muye , The Zhou people’s army even "sing and dance with joy", the next day the battle of Muye was before singing and dancing. We all know that the battle of Muye was a decisive battle ordered by Zhou Geyin, a small fight. The war of big and weak attacking the strong is a desperate contest between Shang and Zhou. Song and dance represent lightness and pleasure. It is very unreasonable to put the two together. Then, the theory of "before singing and dancing" is a historian. Or is there another hidden story?
The history books record a possibility: King Wu’s defeat of Zhou is an extremely holy battle of justice. As soon as the Zhou army arrives, the Yin people immediately collapse. Zhou Wu represents justice and believes that it will definitely defeat King Zhou, so Maybe they will sing, dance and laugh all the way.
"Historical Records · Zhou Benji" records: "Although there are many masters, there is no heart to fight, and the king of martial arts wants to enter. All the Zhou divisions turned down their troops to fight, to open up the king of Wu. King Wu Chizhi, all the soldiers collapsed. "Z1z
" Mencius: Under the Heart" records: "The benevolent is invincible in the world, and even the benevolent is inhumane. How can the blood flow? "Mencius denied the bloodshed of the Muye War, and believed that the benevolent is invincible, and it must be extremely easy to fight with benevolence and righteousness. The army of King Zhou even cheered the arrival of Zhou people. The logic of
is that the king of Zhou Wu represents benevolence and righteousness, and King Zhou represents evil, and " Benevolence and righteousness will conquer evil", so Zhou Wu led an army of benevolence and righteousness, singing and dancing like an outing. But in fact, we all know that this is certainly impossible. The invincibility of the benevolent in the world is just a Confucian conjecture. What's more, unlike these two records, King Wu cuts down. Zhou Shi was very cautious and attached great importance to King Zhou. During the period of the ancient father and his father, Zhou people had planned the Shang dynasty, and scholars called it "cutting the business". After the ancient father, Ji Li, Zhou Wenwang, and Zhou The four generations of King Wu have worked hard for a hundred years, and finally ushered in the opportunity to conquer business. So, what kind of attitude did King Zhou Wu have in this war of conquering merchants?
First, two years before the Battle of Muye, King Wu Zhou was in Mengjin. There are eight hundred princes in the alliance. The princes all said that they could send troops to fight against Zhou, but Zhou Wu said that the time has not arrived. The so-called time has not arrived, it is nothing more than that King Zhou is still very strong, and Zhou people can't win the battle at this time. It’s just a big one, so King Wu of Zhou denied the suggestion of the princes of the alliance.
Second, Zhou people are small states, and Yin people are big states. With small states to attack big states, you must seize the opportunity to kill with one blow. Therefore, before the battle of Muye Zhou Wuwang said when boosting morale: Master Mengzai, no more, no three", which means a rare opportunity, there will be no second chance, let alone a third time.
At the same time, "the journey of Yin and Shang, it will be like a forest", King Zhou's army seemed very tidy and powerful, so King Wu Zhou once again emphasized tactical discipline, "Today's affairs are not limited to six or seven steps, but only, Qi Yan. Master! Don't be stunned by four cuttings, five cuttings, six cuttings, and seven cuttings, but only, Qi Yan. "The army is required to not mess up the formation, and has strict requirements on footwork and strikes. From these descriptions, it can be seen that Zhou Wu has a very clear attitude and is extremely rigorous in the battle of Muye. It is unlikely that he will be singing and dancing. In that case. , What about the "King Wu raises soldiers, before singing and dancing" in many classics? In fact, this matter is related to the "Sichuan Army". During the Battle of Muye, the King Wu's army was in addition to Zhou people. For many princes’ armies, "Shangshu·Murdatory Oath" recorded "Yong, Shu, Qiang, Yun, Wei, Lu, Peng, Pu". The second place was "Shu", which is now Sichuan. Therefore, the army of King Wu of Zhou There is "Sichuan Army".
The Jin Dynasty's "Huayang Guozhi" recorded that "Zhou Wuwang defeated the feudal power, and was actually the division of Bashu". After Zhou Wuwang's crusade against the country, the division of Bashu surrendered to the state of Zhou, so he followed the crusade Dynasty.
"Huayang Guozhi·Bazhi" records: "Ba ShiYongrui, singing and dancing with Ling (meaning infringement, offense) Yin, the former defiant. "Z1z
probably means that the Bashu warriors charged into the battle by singing and dancing. It was essentially a way of fighting, not an artistic or aesthetic expression. But the problem is that "Huayang Guozhi" is a local chronicle, written by Chang Zong from the Eastern Jin Dynasty. More than 1,300 years have passed since King Wu’s defeating Zhou. Isn’t the historical truth of "King Wu raising troops, singing and dancing before"?
Is the description of the fighting style of Bashu warriors at that time, and now it’s difficult to restore 100% of them. , But from the customs of ancient and modern Sichuan people, it is closer to the historical truth. When the Han emperor pacified the Three Qin Dynasty, he recruited a group of Pakistani soldiers to "fight for the Han", and these Pakistani soldiers "struck and danced with joy" and gained Liu Bang’s appreciation. "Huayang Guozhi·Bazhi" records: "There is Yushui in Langzhong, and many people live by the water. They are naturally brave and courageous. They are the Han forwards who are in battle and dance with vigor and joy." Therefore, there are also a number of " The Sichuan Army before singing and dancing." Z1z
historian Wang Ningsheng pointed out in his "Explanation of "The King of Wu Defeats the Front Singing and Dancing"" that the Jingpo ethnic group in Dehong, Yunnan and the Yi ethnic group in Liangshan, Sichuan still have pre-war singing and dancing. "Yi Ling" custom, that is, before the war, one hand is holding a knife and the other is holding a shield. The shield is painted with brightly colored and terrifying patterns, and then shouting while dancing the knife, creating a terrifying atmosphere, and then rushing to kill the enemy Z1z
It can be seen that Sichuan people have the tradition of “singing and dancing to ling”, which is essentially a way of fighting to create an atmosphere of terror to deter the enemy. At that time, Shang and Zhou and its allies had never had this custom, which is very novel at first glance. , So it may be mistaken for "carrying songs and dancing, singing and dancing before singing and dancing". In fact, this is a misunderstanding caused by cultural differences. The ancient Chinese would beat the drums before the war, and the ancient Sichuan Army would sing and dance. Z1z
is puzzling. Yes, what is the relationship between this Sichuan army and the Sanxingdui civilization? In the last century, on the south bank of the Duck River in Guanghan City, Sichuan, archaeological experts discovered the famous Sanxingdui site, giving people a glimpse of the mysterious ancient Shu Kingdom. Was the "Sichuan Army" sent out by the Sanxingdui Civilization? In fact, when the Sanxingdui civilization fell, King Wu had basically died out when the King Wu defeated him. Therefore, the Sichuan Army in the defeat of King Wu Wang was not sent by Sanxingdui, but it should be a branch of the ancient Shu Kingdom. After being conquered by King Wu of Zhou, he participated in the war against merchants.
In short, "King Wu raised his troops, before singing and dancing" is not 100% sure whether it is the Sichuan army, but it is basically certain that the Sichuan army participated in the Muye battle.
Data: "Shangshu", "Historical Records", "Explanation of "The King of Wu Defeats Zhou before Singing and Dance", etc.
