Spring and Autumn and Warring States Period was not only a period of division and war in which heroes competed for hegemony, but also a period of transformation from a slave society to a feudal society. Chen Caizheng, a native of the Yuan Dynasty, accurately outlined the economic and political situation at that time with poems: "The paintings of the wild people divide the people and disrupt the well fields, and the rituals and music of the hundred kings disperse cold smoke."
It was in this context that Confucius broke the monopoly of "learning in the government" and gathered disciples to teach in Xingtan. Sima Qian records in "Records of the Grand Historian": "Confucius did not serve, but retired to practice poetry, calligraphy, rituals and music. His disciples became numerous, and they all taught them from afar." In the process of "teaching", Confucius proposed and practiced the educational idea of "teaching without distinction", breaking through the boundaries of region, level, occupation, and age at that time, and setting a precedent for civilian education. "Confucius taught with poetry, calligraphy, rituals and music. There were 3,000 disciples, and 72 people were familiar with six arts." Wu Kedu, a native of Gaolan, Gansu, who served as the teaching of Fu Qiang during the Daoguang period of the Qing Dynasty, left a record of "Seventy-two disciples of Confucius, three people from Long De". These three Confucius Gansu students who were listed as the 72 sages are Shizuo Shu , Rang Sichi and Qin Zu , known as "the Confucian scholars in Longshang".
Tianshui City Longyuan Stone-made Shu bronze statue
Although there is no "Three Sages" in the "Analects of Confucius" to pass on the world, their study experience can be traced through local historical records, epitaphs, cultural relics, poetry couplets, genealogy and surnames, and ancestral statues commemoration, etc., and their life journey can be briefly reproduced.
Gangu County Shilipu Shizuo Shu Memorial Hall
Shizuo Shu, whose courtesy name is Ziming and his pseudonym Zhuozi, was from Ji. Born in the first year of King Jing of Zhou (519 BC), he died in the forty-one year of King Jing of Zhou (479 BC), at the age of 40, which is consistent with the saying "Sighing forty years" in the couplet of the Shizi Tomb inscribed by Wu Kedu. There are two terms for its surname: single and compound surnames. The "Gangu County Chronicle" describes Shi Zuoshu in a relatively simple way: "I was fond of learning when I was young. I heard that Confucius gathered disciples to give lectures and traveled thousands of miles to study Confucius. From the deletion of the narrative, I received poetry and books, I finally became one of the seventy-seven people who learned to learn from Confucius' disciples. After learning, I returned home, promoted Confucianism, spread the culture of Western Zhou Dynasty, and made meticulous education and changed customs. Since then, culture and education in the Sanlong area have flourished, and culture has risen, and their styles have been admired by later generations." "Fu Qiang Zhi" records: "(Shizi) The Tang Dynasty was granted Shiyi Bo, the Song Dynasty was granted Chengji Hou, and the Ming Dynasty was given titles and called him a sage. He worshiped the Confucius Temple."
Gangu Daxiangshan Park Chongwenyuan Stone-made Shu Stone-shaped statue
Gangu Chongwenyuan Hall Stone-shaped statue of Shu Stone-shaped statue
Gangu Chongwenyuan Hall Stone-shaped statue of Shu Stone-shaped statue
Stone-shaped original stone tomb and stone temple in the hometown of Master. During the Daoguang period of the Qing Dynasty, Wu Kedu wrote "The Record of the Stone Tomb": "The tomb is in Fuqiang,... the tomb is now deserted, and only the tomb site remains." There are also one tomb couplet and one ancestral couplet, which is included in " Art and Literary ". The couplet of the tomb is: "I visit the remains in the Zizi area, see the green grass in the courtyard, the wild and the flowers in the tomb are deserted, where is the cherry of the Song Dynasty? The apricot hall personally teaches the marsh, listens to the singing of the orioles in the Wei River, and the birds in Longshan, and there are the spring breezes." The couplet of the ancestral hall is: "I look up to the high place of Confucius, ask Yan Zeng's 70 people, where are there more magicians? Don't talk about the customs and fierceness of the Qin Dynasty, except for the three thousand Zou and Lu, there are many descendants here." A stone temple was also built in the provincial capital Lanzhou, and now only the cemetery couplet written by Liu Er, a Jinshi in the late Qing Dynasty in Lanzhou: "It is thousands of years of spiritual power in the Cheng Dynasty. The beautiful bell can beside the Nishan Mountain to worship the sun and the moon; if the two and three sons of Confucius have endless origins, China will have a world of world."
stone masterpiece temple in Wuquan Mountain, Lanzhou
stone masterpiece temple stone masterpiece statue in Shu
stone masterpiece style and heritage are admired by later generations. Local officials and literati and poets of all generations have often written poems, but most of them are lost. In the late Guangxu period of the Qing Dynasty, the magistrate of Fuqiang County, Lei Guangdian wrote a couplet: "Don't say that there is no one in Qin. He once went to the apricot hall to educate him; so far, there are still some learnings, come to Zili to worship the Lingshu." Xie Guixi wrote a couplet: "I look at the holy house for dozens of miles away. If you have this gentleman, don't regret that you have less than the Western Qin ; you have become a Taoist throne for five hundred years. If you ask who will die in the future, you will still be fresh in teaching the Eastern Lu."
In February 2005, a "Zu Lai Shi Family Genealogy" was discovered in the east of Tai'an City, Shandong. This plot was compiled in 1957 and only 3 volumes remain. Among them, "Shizi's surname Yuan Yuan" says: "Shizi is a Shu, with a name named Ziming, and is naturally smart and sensitive.
admires Confucius' way, follows the genealogy of the ancestors, and comes to Lu from Wuwei , and receives employment from Confucius's door, and is listed in the seventy-two sons.Later, he became the prime minister of Xianyi. Because the three families were usurped and rebelled, he resigned to Shusun, but failed to settle down and went to Zulai Mountain. Duke Duke Dao died in the 18th year and was buried in the Yang of Zulai Mountain. Later, he was called Zulai Shishi, which is a good reason. "Although this genealogy is quite different from other historical materials, it may be worthy of acceptance. First, the genealogy records that Shi Shu "went from Wuwei to Lu," which is verified with the "Shi Family Genealogy of Changshan, Shandong" and "Shi Family Genealogy of Pizhou, Jiangsu" "Shi Family Genealogy of "Taiwan's temporary ancestor avoided Ningxi's rebellion, fled to Wuwei in Gansu, and gave birth to a son to Shu". From this, it can be preliminarily determined that Shi Shu's ancestral home Tianshui was born in Wuwei. Second, the genealogy shows that Shi Shu's birth year has not been described for Shi Shu, and the year of death was 18th year of Duke Dao of Lu, which was 450 BC. This is 29 years later than the traditional saying. Third, the genealogy records that Shi Shu "hidden in Zulai Mountain" and "buried in Zulai Mountain". Zulai Mountain is in Tai'an, Shandong. Traditional viewpoints that Shi Shu has returned to his hometown after his studies and returned to his hometown after returning to his hometown after his studies. In this regard, except for the desolate and difficult to distinguish Gangu stone tomb , basically lacks historical evidence or cultural relics support. For various reasons, the phenomenon of "one person has multiple tombs" in ancient times is not uncommon. Where is the stone tomb far away more than 2,400 years ago? It is still to be further verified.
Gangu County Shizuo Shu Memorial Hall
Shizuo Shu Memorial Hall statue
Gangu County Shijia Dashan, Shilipu, and Shijia Kiln all live in Shijia Dashan, Shilipu, and Shijia Kiln in Gangu County. People in Shijia Dashan, Shilipu, and Shijia Kiln have long fought to establish Shizuo as their ancestors. Lei Guangdian, the magistrate of Fuqiang County in the Qing Dynasty, cleverly resolved this: "The word "stone cannot be broken, and Shilipu Shi family and Shijia Dashan people are descendants of Shima Master Shi. "
Gangu County Shilipu Primary School Inner Stele
Gangu County Shilipu Primary School Stone Statue
In order to commemorate the stones and inherit the legacy of Xingtan, the Gangu County People's Government erected the "Stone-Zhu Old Site Monument" in Shilipu Primary School in August 1989. On June 10, 2010, Gangu County grandly held a grand ceremony to commemorate the 2530th anniversary of the birth of the Stone-Zhu Shu and the unveiling of the stone statue, relive the long history of ancient Hebei and praise the great achievements of the ancestors.
Author: Zhang Xiaohua
Editor: Xiao Jun
