927, Chiang Kai-shek led the Northern Expedition Army to fight fiercely with the northern warlords Zhang Zongchang and Sun Chuanfang in Xuzhou. After the defeat, the army's power plummeted. The Guangxi system Li Zongren and Bai Chongxi joined hands with the Wuhan National Government to force Chiang Kai-shek to step down. On August 13, Chiang issued the "Declaration on the Shipment" in Shanghai. After that, he returned to his hometown in Fenghua and prepared to travel to Japan.
At this time, the commander of the 37th Division of the Northern Expedition Army stationed in Wuxi , under Bai Chongxi's command, also immediately resigned to the Nanjing government and sent a call to Chiang Kai-shek, Fenghua: "Since the commander-in-chief is lofty, I am unwilling to lead the troops. I hope to follow the left and right and travel abroad." Chiang Kai-shek was very pleased with Xiong Shihui's loyalty. Before going to Japan, he met Xiong Shihui and said, "While comforting Yin Jia, Xiong must not leave the army, and should return to Wuxi to adapt and organize the team, and then talk about everything else when he comes back."
At first glance, Xiong Shihui was loyal to Chiang Kai-shek, but if he saw clearly Chiang Kai-shek's method of "retreat to advance", he could only say that his "eye is like a torch" and his flattery was "steady, accurate and ruthless". Looking at Xiong Shihui's political career, you will find that flattering Chiang Kai-shek is his means to gain power.
Xionghui is a righteous man from An, Jiangxi Province. In 1911, he joined China Tongmenghui and participated in Xinhai Revolution . Later, he graduated from Baoding Military Academy and Japanese Army University. After returning to China, he participated in the Northern Expedition . Xiong Shihui was reused for successfully instigating Jiangxi warlords Lai Shihuang . Soon, the unit failed in the battle with Sun Chuanfang's troops. Bai Chongxi, deputy chief of staff of the Northern Expedition Army, wanted to investigate the responsibility for the defeat, Xiong Shihui and Lai Shihuang shirked each other and turned against each other. Xiong Shihui's military power was not as good as Lai Shihuang, so he was forced to go to Shanghai to be an apartment mansion, but soon he caught the conflict between Bai Chongxi and Lai Shihuang and falsely accused Lai Shihuang of having an affair with Sun Chuanfang, causing him to be shot. Xiong Shihui returned to the army and originally thought he could replace Lai Shihuang as the commander, but he only got a division commander position. Therefore, he was dissatisfied with Bai Chongxi and decided to find another supporter.
At this moment, Chiang Kai-shek was excluded by the Guangxi clan and announced his resignation. Xiong Shihui discovered that Chiang was seeking to retreat as a step forward, and firmly believed that Chiang Kai-shek would make a comeback, and that when he was in trouble, it was the best time to surrender, so he resigned and sent a secret telegram. In January 1928, Chiang Kai-shek was reinstated. When he returned to Nanjing from Shanghai, Xiong Shihui led his troops to personally carry out the warning tasks on the entire line of Shanghai-Nanjing Road and escorted along the way. Chiang Kai-shek was very happy. As soon as he arrived in Nanjing, the people's Xiong Shihui became the commander of the Songhu garrison and stationed in Shanghai. From then on, Xiong Shihui became one of Chiang Kai-shek's confidants.
Chiang Kai-shek's standards for utilizing people can be summarized in five words: "Relative (relative), Huang ( Huangpu Military Academy graduated), Lu ( Army University graduated), Zhejiang (Zhejiang fellow villager), and (acquaintances)." Xiong Shihui can be said to have nothing to do with, and his favor from Chiang Kai-shek is mainly related to his ability to figure out Chiang Kai-shek's thoughts and his timely cater to Chiang Kai-shek. But it is not enough to just be a low-level trick among politicians at best. Xiong Shihui's "beauty and beautify" is obviously better than ordinary people.
Dai Li regards "adhering to the will of the leader and experiencing the painstaking efforts of the leader" as the purpose of the Military Control Commission , showing the nature of a slave, and Xiong Shihui is not inferior in this regard.
928, the Japanese army launched the "Jinan Massacre" that shocked China and the world. The sequelae of this tragedy is that Chiang Kai-shek's policy of not resisting Japan's is gradually formed. At that time, Chiang Kai-shek believed that "we cannot fight the Japanese army now, nor do we have to conflict with him in Jinan. The only purpose at present is to conquer Beijing and complete the Northern Expedition, so we can only endure humiliation and try to ease with them."
Chiang Kai-shek even held the theory of "destroying the country in three days". He was worried that once the war started, the Japanese army could occupy key areas along the river and coasts of China within three days, thereby destroying China.Xiong Shihui also had the same understanding of this. On the day of the incident, he suggested to Chiang Kai-shek: "If I plan to reduce the obstacles to the northern expedition and strive to reduce the obstacles to the north, I can only endure humiliation for a while, not waste time, and sacrifice strength, but try to avoid conflicts with it."
931, the "September 18th" Incident occurred, and Chiang Kai-shek was in charge of the suppression of the Communist Party in Nanchang at that time. On the evening of the 19th, Chiang Kai-shek expressed his intention to return to Nanjing immediately to preside over the overall situation. Xiong Shihui dissuaded and said, "The military suppression of bandits is in sight, victory is in sight... It is better to step up the reorganization of the military deployment in Ganzhong ... Civil strife must be eliminated first, and external troubles should be dealt with calmly." Chiang Kai-shek "responsible for the agreement."
Therefore, when the "January 28th" incident occurred in 1932, Xiong Shihui knew that Chiang Kai-shek would definitely bear unprecedented pressure. He sent a telegram to Chiang Kai-shek the next day of the incident, comforting him, "In the national psychology, it is appropriate to fight with words. But for a powerful plan, it is more dangerous than a harmonious one." He suggested that Chiang Kai-shek "take the prerequisite of the country's strength and be punished without any criticism." At the same time, he took the example of "Soviet Russia's words of harmony against Germany in 1918" and believed that peace with Japan was "a foreign relationship between revolutionaries". He strongly advised Chiang Kai-shek to put Jiangxi's suppression of the Communist Party first, first solve the military salary problem of the Communist Party, calm the morale of the army, "enrich the military, be invincible, and then talk about the Japanese." However, due to the demands of the whole country to stop the civil war in , the calls for unanimous anti-Japanese resistance were too high, Chiang Kai-shek became the target of public criticism and was criticized by public opinion inside and outside the party. In order to strengthen the anti-Japanese forces, on February 5, Minister of Military Affairs, He Yingqin, called Xiong Shihui, hoping to draw reinforcements from Jiangxi Jiang Dingwen.
Xiong Shihui replied the next day and said, "Mr. Jiang Dingwen must never be transferred to Zhejiang." The reason is that if a division was drawn from Jiangxi to Shanghai, "there is no hope of winning against the Japanese, and there is a risk of defeating the bandits first." And " Japanese gangs were like the pain of cutting their flesh, and the CCP was a corruption disease. If both sides took into account, both sides could not be fully equipped... Japanese soldiers can increase at any time, and my reinforcements can sometimes be self-depleted, so it is better not to provide reinforcements. The bandits in Jiangxi can break out at any time. My defense cannot be neglected, so it is not advisable to draw a little."
Due to the great pressure on public opinion, Chiang Kai-shek finally dispatched the 18th Army from Jiangxi to Zhejiang to participate in the anti-Japanese war. On February 21, he called Xiong Shihui to "The 18th Army decisively transferred to Zhejiang, so there is no need to go to the southern Jiangxi " and "The 10th and 83rd Divisions ordered him to open Zhejiang at night." On the 22nd, Xiong Shihui "first send the main force of the 10th Division and the 83rd Division to secretly transport the water on civilian ships, so don't miss it."
At that time, Red Army had surrounded Ganzhou , and Ganzhou could fall at any time, and the 18th Army was ready to reinforce Ganzhou and was ready to go. Chiang Kai-shek's sudden transfer order disrupted all Xiong Shihui's plans. Xiong Shihui believes that if the 18th Army is transferred out, the Ganjiang basin will inevitably be out of stock. So he would rather bear the crime of "disobeying the decree" and adopt the method of taking action first and then reporting. While "spunishing Chiang Kai-shek and exploring the pros and cons", he was voluntarily using the 18th Army to rush to support Ganzhou surrounded by the Communist army. On March 7, after several days of fierce fighting, the 18th Army defeated the Red Army outside Ganzhou. Xiong Shihui immediately sighed and said, "Disaster will help you."
Xiong Shihui's practice of "being outside and being unacceptable to the king's order" did not anger Chiang Kai-shek, nor did he receive any punishment. Chiang Kai-shek only told Xiong Shihui tactfully after the 18th Army defeated the Communist Army of Jiangxi, "The 18th Army cannot be transferred for a while, and hopes to transfer the Sixth Division to Zhejiang." It can be seen that Chiang Kai-shek secretly praised Xiong Shihui's disobedience behavior of "suppressing the Communist Party first".
catered to Chiang Kai-shek without any limit on the reactionary policy of "staying safe outside the country first". Xiong Shihui's "flattery" is undoubtedly right in front of the place, and his ten years in power in Jiangxi were also the complete stage of his flattery. Someone summarized Xiong Shihui's Jiangxi period in this way: encircling and suppressing the Red Army, fishing and meating the people; taking the wife's route, climbing the relationship of the "Prince" and flattering Chiang Kai-shek.
In the story of Xiong Shihui's son Xiong Yuanjie, Xiong Shihui became the chairman of Jiangxi Provincial Government and had a small episode: In 1930, Chiang Kai-shek and Xiong Shihui discussed and asked him to serve as the chairman of Zhejiang Provincial Government . After hearing this, Xiong Shihui thought that Zhejiang was already a prosperous place, and no matter how good he did, it was icing on the cake. Thinking that his hometown, Jiangxi was very backward in all aspects, he wanted to go back to his hometown, Jiangxi to do something practical for the people of his hometown, so that the people of Jiangxi would become richer. Then he asked Chiang Kai-shek if he could serve as chairman of the Jiangxi Provincial Government in Jiangxi. After hearing this, Chiang Kai-shek said that there is already a provincial government chairman in Jiangxi. If you want to go to Jiangxi, you can discuss the exchange with him. After hearing this, Xiong Shihui immediately went to find the then chairman of the Jiangxi Provincial Government, Lu Diping, . Xiong Shihui met Lu Diping and told him about the change of position. Lu Diping was overjoyed and agreed immediately. So Xiong Shihui went to tell Chiang Kai-shek that Lu Diping agreed to change his position, so Chiang Kai-shek transferred Lu from Jiangxi to Zhejiang. Xiong Shihui started in 1931 and ruled Jiangxi for more than ten years.
The son is very proud, but according to local historical records, Xiong Shihui needs to squeeze more than 2 million yuan from the people every year to support his army just for the aftermath donation. The reason why he has stood in Jiangxi for more than ten years is of course the old tricks and the unlimited flattery. The targets he flattered were not limited to Chiang Kai-shek, but also included Soong Mei-ling and Chiang Ching-kuo .
Xiongshihui repaired Desheng Road in Nanchang City, renamed " Zhongzheng Road "; built Ganjiang Bridge , named " Zhongzheng Bridge "; renamed " Hubin Park " in Nanchang to ""; renamed " Hubin Park " in " to "" Shiyuan "; the first university founded in Jiangxi in 1939 was named " Zhongzheng University "; the construction of an auditorium was named " Zhongzheng Hall "; and a medical school was established, which was called " Zhongzheng Medical College ". There is an interesting story during
. Chiang Kai-shek once lived in an exquisite building on Baihuazhou, Nanchang City, where he could enjoy the view of East Lake with his window. Once, Xiong Shihuijin met Chiang Kai-shek and was walking in the corridor. When he found Chiang Kai-shek covering his nose with a handkerchief. He immediately realized that there was a strange smell in the lake. When he went back, he found Gong Xuesui, director of the Construction Department. The two came to Baihuazhou, and then inspected. After they immediately ordered Gong Xuesui to quickly rebuild the lake shore and remove sewage. Soon, the embankment of Donghu Lake was completely built with red stone, trees were planted along the coast, clear water pipelines were adjusted, and the East Lake Management Office was set up to take charge. When Chiang Kai-shek saw that the lake surface was changed, the scenery was pleasant, and he praised Xiong Shihui very much. For this matter, a man from Nanchang City wrote a couplet with his pen, which is very vivid:
The first couplet: half a lifetime of marriage and two guests, (referring to Xiong's dead wife Gu Yuyun and Xuxian Gu Zhuyun , both of whom are sisters)
The second couplet: A career in the three lakes of life. (It means that Xiong Shihui was favored by Chiang Kai-shek for building the embankments of East Lake, South Lake and North Lake in Baihuazhou)
1934, Xiong Shihui and Yang Yongtai proposed that Chiang Kai-shek initiated the " New Life Movement" in Nanchang to "restore China's inherent morality" and seek " National Rejuvenation ", and widely publicized " etiquette, righteousness, integrity and shame, the country is the fourth dimension, the four dimensions of the country is not extinguished, and the country will perish", as well as "loyalty, filial piety, benevolence, trustworthiness, and peace". The purpose is to use feudal ethics to draw a single idea, so that it can get rid of the influence of communism and maintain the rule of the Kuomintang.
For this reason, Chiang Kai-shek established the New Life Movement Promotion Association, serving as the president and Xiong Shihui served as the director. With Xiong Shihui's hard work, the Women's Steering Committee was established under the New Life Movement Association, with Soong Mei-ling as the president, and Xiong Shihui even asked his wife Gu Zhuyun to serve as the secretary of the association. His task was to contact the wife of the important people in the party, government and military circles in Nanchang and devote themselves to the New Life Movement.
Soong Mei-ling is very passionate about the new life movement. This fake foreigner who looks down on the Chinese from the bottom of his heart actually talks about "propriety, righteousness, integrity and shame".She advocates that ordinary people should brush their teeth before and after meals every day, wash their hands when entering and before meals, and also, they should fasten the collar when wearing clothes, and they must button it.
However, at this time, most Chinese people are not full of food, so they have no spare money to buy expensive toothpaste ( tooth powder ), let alone brush their teeth before and after meals, and washing their hands every day has become a joke; many people can't even wear clothes, so they have to be shirtless in summer, so how can they buckle the collar? The new life movement was lively and eventually left nothing. But Xiong Shihui was very busy to please the "madam".
At that time, someone wrote a couplet to mock this "new life movement":
The first couplet: one, two, three, four, six, seven (meaning forget eight),
The second couplet: loyalty, filial piety, benevolence, etiquette and integrity (meaning shameless).
In order to accompany Soong Mei-ling, Xiong Shihui also asked his wife Gu Zhuyun to recognize Mrs. Song as her godmother and join the sisterhood with Soong Mei-ling (in this regard, Xiong Shihui is still a different game. Chen Cheng , who is one year younger than Soong Mei-ling, simply married Soong Mei-ling's goddaughter and recognized Song as her godmother. Later, when she fell out of favor, Soong Mei-ling spared no effort to protect Chen Cheng, but rarely asked about Xiong Shihui, so it was obvious that there was still a difference in seniority ).
In addition to the "Madam's Route", Xiong Shihui was also unique and took the "Prince's" route. In early 1937, Chiang Ching-kuo returned from the Soviet Union. After Xiong Shihui learned about it, he thought that "sexy goods are alive", so he made a special trip to Hangzhou to congratulate Chiang Kai-shek, and suggested to Chiang: "Take Jingguo to Jiangxi, I will be responsible for cultivating him." At that time, Chiang Kai-shek was considering Chiang Ching-kuo's arrangements. After receiving Soong Mei-ling's approval, Chiang Ching-kuo went to Jiangxi.
Jiang Jingguo "works hard to govern" in Jiangxi, and Xiong Shihui also regarded himself as the "Crown Prince's Master", but he obviously underestimated Chiang Ching-kuo's ability. Soon, Chiang Ching-kuo was the only one in Jiangxi. Xiong Shihui was transferred to Chongqing by Chiang Kai-shek in 1941, and the rise is open and the decline is secretly, ending his complacent "ten-year governance of Jiangxi". After the victory of the Anti-Japanese War, Xiong Shihui was appointed as the director of the Northeast Camp by Chiang Kai-shek and took on the responsibility of accepting the Northeast. However, the situation in the Northeast and the whole country caught Xiong Shihui off guard. A large number of troops and personnel of the Communist Party entered the Northeast, and the Northeast Democratic Alliance Army established a people's regime in various places. The Soviet Union, which was highly anticipated by Chiang Kai-shek and Xiong Shihui, also ignored the agreement with the Kuomintang government. After more than a year of fighting, Chiang Kai-shek's army completely lost the initiative in the war, and Xiong Shihui became the target of public criticism.
Chiang Kai-shek decided to reorganize the Northeast Camp and replace Xiong Shihui's main positions with Chen Cheng. Xiong Shihui returned to Nanjing in disgrace and was scolded by Chiang Kai-shek in person. He fell out of favor since then and never had a chance to make a comeback. In contrast, Chen Cheng was also defeated in the Northeast soon after. However, under the operation of Soong Mei-ling, he returned to Nanjing only for the reason of being seriously ill and continued to hold important positions.
When the Kuomintang fled the mainland, Xiong Shihui was disappointed by Chiang Kai-shek's neglect of him, and did not immediately follow Chiang Kai-shek to Taiwan, but moved his family to Hong Kong. In Hong Kong, a group of old subordinates often asked Xiong Shihui to borrow money, so that he would not bother him. At this time, a bank and a fishery company related to him went bankrupt one after another, which made him feel even more frustrated. Not long after, Xiong Shihui was arrested by the Hong Kong authorities for being involved in a "fake passport" and almost suffered a prison sentence.
Home in Hong Kong, Xiong Shihui turned to Thailand and lived in Bangkok. He once founded a textile factory there, but also went bankrupt due to poor management. In 1954, Xiong Shihui returned to Hong Kong. Chen Yi asked someone to persuade him to return to the mainland to settle down. However, Xiong Shihui did not understand the CCP’s policies and still had illusions about Chiang Kai-shek, so he refused Chen Yi’s sincere invitation.
954, Xiong Shihui arrived in Taiwan. But at that time, Chen Cheng, who had a feud with Xiong Shihui, was at his peak. He was repeatedly troubled, let alone being valued. He could not even meet Chiang Kai-shek and completely became a candid. Later, he went to Macau to live in a short time and moved to Hong Kong. On January 21, 1974, Xiong Shihui died of illness in Hong Kong at the age of 81.
Although Xiong Shihui was once reused by his precise flattery to Chiang Kai-shek and his family, he was not Chiang Kai-shek's direct general after all. He had no unbreakable teacher-student relationship with Chiang Kai-shek, no closely related geographical friendship, and no life and death that fought bloody battles on the battlefield. The seemingly unbreakable relationship between the two is actually full of hidden dangers, and the failure of the Northeast acceptance just confirms this.
In the process of receiving the Northeast, the Kuomintang, led by Chiang Kai-shek, was too confident in diplomatic acceptance and too trusted the Soviet Union, thus missing the opportunity. Without the support of a strong military force, the Sino-Soviet Friendship and Alliance Treaty in hand can only be a piece of paper, and the Kuomintang is doomed to fail on the battlefield in the Northeast. Xiong Shihui, the highest executive in Northeast China, was at the forefront. At the last critical moment, Chiang Kai-shek chose to sacrifice Xiong Shihui, trusting his own lineage, and let Xiong Shihui bear the blame for failure to accept it.
After Chiang Kai-shek fled to Taiwan, all he thought about was how to maintain his "small court of the Jiang family" and how to allow the "Crown Prince" Chiang Ching-kuo to inherit it smoothly. Anyone who interferes with this "big plan" is an obstacle to be cleared. At this time, even a confidant like Hu Zongnan has to abandon it, let alone Xiong Shihui who had been abandoned long ago?
Reference
"The Last Ending of Forty-Three War Criminals of the Kuomintang", He Ming, Party History Press,
"Xiong Shihui's Ups and downs in the Political Sea", Yang Lin, Journal of Zhengzhou Aviation Industry Management College (Social Science Edition)
"Xiong Shihui as I Know", Hu Yunhong, Selected Manuscripts for Literature and History Materials
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