936, when Mao Zedong talked with a famous American journalist in Yan'an, Edgar Snow, and talked about his experience in Hunan Provincial No. 1 Normal School. He said: "There is a teacher in the school, and the student gave him the nickname "Yuan Dahuzi". He laughed at my composition and said it was the work of a journalist. He looked down on Liang Qichao, whom I regarded as a role model, and , thinking that I was half-interpreted, I had to change my writing style. I studied Han Yu 's articles and learned ancient style. So thanks to the bearded man, today I can still write a decent classical Chinese when necessary. "
The "Yuan Dahuru" mentioned by Mao Zedong was his mentor Yuan Jiliu . He is a well-educated man with both character and talent. He has been kind to him twice.
Yuan Jiliu
868, Yuan Jiliu was born in Longhui, Hunan. His ancestors were originally wealthy families, but when his grandfather's generation began to lose their family. When Yuan Jiliu was 3 years old, his mother died of illness. The father, who was a scholar, was forced to carry a basket and carry a load, travel to villages and villages to sell tofu to make a living.
But Yuan Jiliu did not give up his studies because of the difficulties of his family life. He was talented since childhood, and he was diligent in studying, so he soon achieved success in his studies.
883, 15-year-old Yuan Jiliu went to Yongshun Mansion exam scholar. At that time, he was penniless and could only borrow some grain from his neighbors and boiled it into pot cakes to serve as dry food for the exam. On the morning of the exam, Yuan Jiliu stuffed a few pieces of cake into his left sleeve in advance and prepared to eat it when he was hungry in the exam.
But shortly after Yuan Jiliu entered the examination room, the invigilator saw something hidden in his sleeve and suspected that it was cheating, so he ordered him to undergo the examination. Yuan Jiliu understood in his heart that before the examiner could take action, he stood up and shook his sleeves on the table, and a few pieces of pot cake fell out. The examiner then realized that Yuan Jiliu was a poor student. Not only did he not blame him, he also expressed sympathy and then walked away silently. After the
exam was released, Yuan Ji was the scholar six times and he won the nickname "Guoba Scholar".
1897, Yuan Jiliu successfully passed the imperial examination again, but he had no intention of career, so he returned to his hometown to set up a school. He waived tuition fees for the Miao children who had poor families, and was committed to the local education cause, and cultivated many talents.
Yuan Jiliu in film and television dramas
Yuan Jiliu is not only talented in literature, but also has good calligraphy. At that time, many noble officials wanted to come to him to write inscriptions, but he ignored them. At that time, the governor of , , Zhao Hengxi also wanted Yuan Jiliu's calligraphy, but he knew that Yuan Jiliu was stubborn and that if he came forward, Yuan Jiliu would definitely not write it. So he found a classmate of Yuan Jiliu and asked him to find a way to ask Yuan Jiliu for a calligraphy.
Old friend came to "visit" Yuan Jiliu. Yuan Jiliu was very happy and quickly held a banquet to entertain him. When he was drunk, his old friend asked him for calligraphy, so he directly wrote a picture with his pen. When my old friend saw that Mo Bao was so easy, he couldn't help but praise him: "Governor Zhao must be very happy to see him!"
Yuan Ji heard "Governor Zhao" and asked his old friend what was going on. The old friend knew that he could no longer hide it, so he could only tell the truth. After hearing this, Yuan Jiliu was furious. He grabbed the words he had just finished, tore them to pieces, and said angrily: "How can a graffiti pen be in the provincial governor's hall!"
But if the poor people asked Yuan Jiliu to write, he would agree without hesitation. There was a man named Yuan Ziren in the village who once asked Yuan Jiliu to write a name on his hat. Later, he went to the market in the city. Someone recognized Yuan Jiliu's name and bought his hat for 4 yuan ,000 .
Yuan Ziren was very happy and bought a bunch of straw hats to ask Yuan Jiliu to write the inscription. Yuan Jiliu was also very happy when he knew about it. He said to Yuan Ziren: "If my handwriting can help you sell it at a good price, just buy more, and I will write it for you!"
In the spring of 11913, Yuan Jiliu was hired at Hunan Provincial Fourth Normal School and served as a Chinese teacher.In 1914, the Fourth Normal School was incorporated into the Hunan Provincial First Normal School, and Yuan Jiliu was also transferred to the 8th Class of the First Department of the Undergraduate Department of , , as a Chinese teacher.
No. 1 Normal School
At that time, Mao Zedong was a student in Class 8 of a work. At the age of 21, he was extraordinary in temperament, active in thought, and quick in writing, and was deeply loved by teachers and classmates. Mao Zedong's essays are most praised by his classmates because his views are novel, smooth and he writes endlessly, which makes people feel refreshed.
Although Yuan Jiliu also admires Mao Zedong's talent, he feels very annoyed whenever he corrects Mao Zedong's composition. Because Mao Zedong, in his youth, was influenced by the new vernacular movement advocated by Liang Qichao's reform of Reform Thoughts and Hu Shi , he often mixed some vernacular Chinese essays. One day, Yuan Jiliu finally couldn't stand it, and failed the essay on Mao Zedong, and announced the result in public in class.
After get out of class, Yuan Jiliu took the initiative to call Mao Zedong and said, "Jun Runzhi, please come to my house tonight, let's talk."
That night, Mao Zedong came to Yuan Jiliu's house early and saw a couplet on the door: "I cherish the flowers and get up early in spring, and love the moon and sleep late at night." I saw the ink and the writing was full of energy, and it was obvious that it was the teacher's handwriting.
Mao Zedong when he was young
Yuan Jiliu saw Mao Zedong coming and said straight to the point: "Runzhi, your article is good, but why did I fail the essay I gave you? Because your writing style is wrong, you use the work of a journalist!"
Mao Zedong was stunned for a moment, and then said: "Didn't Mr. Liang Qichao also use the writing style of a journalist?"
Yuan Jiliu said seriously: "Liang Qichao? Of course, Liang Qichao's thoughts are good, I agree, but his article is not verbal, and it is called "New Style of Literature" if his article is not verbal. ’? ”
Then Yuan Jiliu pulled out a "Complete Works of Han Changli" from the bookshelf and stuffed it into Mao Zedong's hand and said, "Look, is there a 'news reporter' style here?" He took out a book from the drawer, turned a page, and said to Mao Zedong: "Look, this is my old work, and it is also a deliberate imitation of the past. How dare you play a little bit of fancy style?"
"Complete Works of Han Changli"
Mao Zedong took it and saw it. It turned out to be a five-character ancient poem "By Fengtan":
is dangerous and 88 beaches, the Fengtan is long and steep.
is still across the nine mountains, and I have heard the sound of the beach.
will go down Fubo Temple , and the tiger and leopard will walk along the boat.
Cliffs hit the two sides of the straits, but there is a trace of the sky...
Yuan Jiliu and Mao Zedong chatted very late on that day. Finally, he patted Mao Zedong on the shoulder and said, "Runzhi, don't you hear that 'the article is so wonderful that it is not too familiar'! As long as you read more, write more, think more, and ask more, with your literary talent, you are familiar with your heart and follow your hands, it will be just around the corner!"
Mao Zedong was deeply moved after hearing this. He bought a "Complete Works of Han Changli" from an old bookstore and began to read it one by one. After some efforts, Mao Zedong has integrated Han Yu's style, skills and even words and sentences. The articles he wrote not only have the momentum of being scattered and thriving, but some of the words and sentences come directly from Han Yu's articles. For example, the "the language is tasteless and the face is hateful" in "The Eight Essays of the Opposition Party" comes from Han Yu's " Send to the Poor Text ".
Yuan Jiliu was very satisfied with Mao Zedong's hard work and progress. Later, he often annotated comments such as "Kong Rong's brushwork" and "Changli Techniques" after his essays and circulated them to his classmates. This was the first time that Yuan Jiliu had favored Mao Zedong.
1915, the Hunan Provincial Parliament made a new regulation that when the autumn school starts, each teacher's student will have to pay 10 yuan in tuition and miscellaneous fees. This is a considerable number for most poor students. Some people reported that this regulation was suggested to the government by Zhang Gan, the principal of the First Normal School, to please his superiors. After learning about it, the students of the First Normal School decided to strike collectively.
Zhanggan
Mao Zedong also actively participated in this action. He also actively organized his classmates to distribute leaflets to pull Zhanggan off the principal's seat. After the incident became a big deal, the Provincial Education Department specially sent supervisors to the school to invite students to resume classes. The students insisted on claiming: Zhang Gan will not leave school for a day, and we will not resume classes for a day. The supervisor had no choice but to reply, "This semester is almost over, and you are still in class. Zhang Gan won't come next semester."
Zhang Gan was furious about this and wanted to fire Mao Zedong and 17 "make trouble" students. At this critical moment, Yuan Jiliu stepped forward again. He joined forces with teachers such as Yang Changji, Xu Teli, Fang Weixia, and Wang Jifan and others to resist this decision, which allowed Mao Zedong's academic status to be firmly resisted. This is the second time that Yuan Jiliu has been kind to Mao Zedong.
From 1913 to 1918, Yuan Jiliu served as Mao Zedong's Chinese teacher. Whenever he and his colleagues evaluate Mao Zedong, he would always say: "Those who save the world from danger must be the one who will be." Facts have proved that Yuan Jiliu's vision is indeed correct.
918, after Mao Zedong graduated from the First Division, he joined the revolution. Yuan Jiliu also left the First Normal School this year and taught in the Provincial Third Women's Teachers and Hunan University . After the failure of Revolution in 1927, Mao Zedong and Yuan Jiliu lost contact. In 1932, Yuan Jiliu unfortunately died of illness at the age of 64.
After the founding of New China , Mao Zedong learned that Yuan Jiliu had passed away for many years and was very sad. In order to express his respect for the deceased teacher, he specially invited Yuan Jiliu's widow Dai Changzhen to Beijing to attend the ceremony on May 1st International Labor Day in 1950. On October 11, 1950, Mao Zedong wrote another letter to Wang Shoudao, Chairman of the Hunan Provincial Government, asking Hunan Province to help his teacher's wife solve her life difficulties. Hunan Provincial Party Committee decided that the United Front Work Department would give Dai Changzhen a fixed living expenses every month.
1952, in order to remember Yuan Jiliu, Mao Zedong personally wrote the inscription "Mr. Yuan Jiliu's Tomb" for him and sent it to the Longhui County Government. The government allocated funds to rebuild Yuan Jiliu's tomb, and at the same time engraved a tombstone written by Mao Zedong.
Mao Zedong's handwritten "Mr. Yuan Jiliu's Tomb"
1964, Mao Zedong held a family dinner at Zhongnanhai , using his favorite Hunan hometown dishes to host Guo Moruo and several Hunan fellow villagers Zhang Shizhao, Wang Jifan and Zhou Shizhao. Zhou Shizhao was Mao Zedong's classmate in the First Normal School. During the meal, he said to Mao Zedong: "I remember when I left the First Division, Yuan Dahuzi also invited us to have a hot meal in my hometown. Chairman, do you still remember that meal? fermented pepper , so I sipped so much!"
Mao Zedong said with emotion: "How could I not remember? It's been more than 40 years since then, I still remember the spirit of Yuan Huzi's lectures clearly!"
So everyone's chatting turned to Yuan Jiliu, and Wang Jifan said: "I wrote a poem that missed Yuan Dahuzi!" Then he said: "What's the wonder of Yuan Huzi's teaching? Sweeping thousands of soldiers and pens; where can I repay a word? When his wife was sick and old, she was out of food? "
Wang Jifan
Zhang Shizhao couldn't help but sigh, "This Yuan Huzi..." Suddenly he said, "This old man is familiar with ancient and modern literature and history!"
Guo Moruo, who was next to him, hurriedly continued, "This man cultivates talents in the world!" Everyone exclaimed after hearing this: "What a clever look!"
Mao Zedong said, "'Talent' is still too honorable, too honorable!"
Zhou Shizhao said, "The chairman is still too modest, but Yuan 's students are full of students all over the world, which is no exaggeration." Everyone nodded and said yes.
After the meal, Mao Zedong gave Zhou Shizhao another 400 yuan and told him: "After you return to Changsha, go and see Mr. Yuan Jiliu's wife Dai Changzhen on behalf of me, and hand over the money to her. This is my little intention. I hope the elderly can live a healthy and long life and spend their old age in peace."
Under Mao Zedong's care, Dai Changzhen's life in her later years was very happy. She died in 1970 at the age of 88.After Mao Zedong learned about it, he paid the funeral expenses for his master's wife.
983, Yuan Jiliu's son returned to his hometown and renovated his tomb. He also removed the first two words "This old man is familiar with ancient and modern literature and history, and this man cultivates talents in the world" and used "understanding ancient and modern literature and history, and cultivating talents in the world" as his father's tomb couplet.
Yuan Jiliu's Tomb
Now Yuan Jiliu's Tomb has become a famous tourist attraction in Longhui County , and has been included in the municipal cultural relics protection unit, becoming a base for patriotic education for young people.
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