The Southern Crossing of the Clothing Z2z
The Southern Crossing of the Clothing mainly occurred in three periods, all of which were the period of large-scale wars in the north, namely after the Yongjia Rebellion in the Western Jin Dynasty, after the Anshi Rebellion in the Late Tang Dynasty, and after the Jingkang Rebellion in the Southern Song Dynasty. . With the large-scale migration of the Yiguannandu population, the southward migration of the ancient Chinese economic center was gradually completed.
The meaning of "Yiguan Nandu"
To understand the social and historical development of Yiguan Nandu, we must first know its interpretation. "Yiguan" in "Yiguannandu" refers to the scholar-officials of the Central Plains, who replaced people with things, which is very common in ancient Chinese classics. "Nandu" means crossing the Yangtze River south to settle in Jiangnan. Putting it into the historical period to look at the "clothing southward" means that after the northern minorities entered the Central Plains to establish political power, the Central Plains Han regime was forced (including the historical phenomenon of the literati and peasant class in exile and moved to Jiangnan). So why did the literati and peasants in Nandu give up so much contiguous fertile land in the Central Plains? I believe readers will naturally know that it is because of the war, not to mention the three periods written in the previous article all ended in chaos.
The first Nandu crossing
The first Nandu crossing occurred in the late Western Jin Dynasty. The Yongjia Rebellion directly led to the demise of the Western Jin Dynasty and triggered a series of wars in the Central Plains. It caused great damage to northern China and the Central Plains at that time. Various ethnic minorities entered the Central Plains through wars and political emigration in large numbers to establish political power. Also summarized as "Five Hus", "Five Hus" mainly refers to the five big Hu tribes of the Huns, Xianbei, Jie, Qiang, and Di, but in fact Wuhu is the "outstanding" representative of all the Husbands who are chaotic in China in the late Western Jin Dynasty. , The total number of tribes is far from five. Especially after Luoyang was captured and occupied, slaughtered and implemented a dark terror rule. Those Huren regimes were not only satisfied with killing the emperor, the prince, the captured soldiers, and some innocent people. They were not spared, and the ethnic conflicts were sharp. The Eastern Jin regime of the Han nationality in the north is not as powerful as the Hu people. In order to stabilize and avoid disasters, the royal family and the majority of residents in the northern Yellow River basin chose to flee south and enter the stable Yangtze River basin. The southward migration of
is the first large-scale southward migration in Chinese history, and it is also the first period of the "Southward Crossing in Clothing". Due to the protracted war in the north, the population migration to the south lasted for a very long time. From 311 AD (the fifth year of Yongjia) to 420 AD, the southern dynasty and the beginning of Song Lifan for more than 100 years, the population flowed southwards continuously; except for the long time. In addition, the number of people living in Nandu this time was very large. The wave of Nandu at that time was very large. It was not the migration of a few families. According to the study of the Chinese historian Ge Jianxiong, the next year Liu Songda will settle in the north of the south. The total number of immigrants and their descendants is about 2 million; in addition, the south migration population includes a large number of first-class gentry from the Central Plains during the Wei and Jin dynasties, and they often act collectively. The Eastern Jin Dynasty welcomed immigrants from the south, setting up numerous Qiaozhou counties and giving them political and economic privileges.
In the Jin Dynasty, the development of the "Southern Crossing of Clothing" for the south was limited to the Yangtze River basin and concentrated in the lower reaches of the Yangtze River. Although after hundreds of years of development, the economic foundation was still inferior to the north during the period of agricultural civilization. This is a region. Difference is also a factor of different development time . The greatest significance of the southward migration at that time was to preserve the fire of the Han culture and the governance tradition of the original Han culture of the central government. This is the prerequisite for the ability to resist and merge with the culture of the northern minority regimes in the future, and it can also be reunited later. Conduct political and cultural "retransfusion".
The second period of the "Yiguannandu" was after the Anshi Rebellion in the late Tang Dynasty. This incident was also a major event affecting the transition of the economic status of the North and the South. Like the previous melee at the end of Shanxi, the North Yellow River after the Anshi Rebellion The river basin has become a place of melee for the separatist regimes. In order to escape the war, the people began the second large-scale southward migration in Chinese history. This large-scale southward migration has some differences from the historical period of the late Shanxi southward migration. The biggest difference is this belt. With more advanced production technology and more complete experience, the South, with the rapid increase of labor and advanced technology, has opened up wasteland, cultivated fields, and thrived.
Chinese people love their homes, but the people who moved south are fighting against each other continuously due to the northern regime. Today I will rebel against your central army by armed forces. Tomorrow my central government will start a counter-insurgency war when it comes back. Therefore, move south It is difficult for the northerners to return home, and the war only brings pain, family members leave, family wealth is expropriated, and national power is wasted. butThis move to the south has strongly promoted the economic development of the southern region, gradually surpassing the northern one. At the time when
finally completed
the intercourse between the two Song dynasties, it was the third time that the "clothed south crossing" appeared on the land of China. This was also the period when the ancient Chinese economic center of gravity moved southward. The cause of this time was the "Jingkang Rebellion". Like the "Yongjia Rebellion", was defeated, the emperor was taken away, and the country suffered great humiliation. At that time, ordinary people in the north staged the same scene in history again to survive. This is the third and the last large-scale "Southern Crossing" incident in ancient Chinese history.
At this time, the Jiangnan region jumped up and became the capital of the Southern Song Dynasty. The ability to establish Lin'an as the capital (now Hangzhou, Zhejiang) in the Southern Song Dynasty showed that the economic status of the South at that time was very important. Indeed, the Jiangnan economy during the Southern Song Dynasty was fully developed. The commodity economy is becoming more and more prosperous, and the country's fiscal revenue has increased as a result, and cities and towns have also emerged during this period. After the Jiangnan region had the right to property, the culture also began to flourish in Jiangnan. Of course, the Central Plains gentry who moved south greatly influenced the cultural outlook of the South.
The meaning of attire Nandu
Yiguan Nandu is an inactive behavior under the forced condition of the Han people. On the one hand, it is the thirst for life and the need for land on the other. Historical phenomena have also created a situation where the economic center of gravity has shifted southward. The cultural elites who crossed the river quickly upgraded the cultural level of the South; the people used collective power to create new homes and used advanced production experience and technology to promote the development of the South. On a large scale,
changed the historical pattern of "outstanding" in ancient Chinese history in the Yellow River Basin, and gradually changed the original state of "slash and burn" in the south. With the superior natural conditions in the south, latecomers ranked first and became the most developed economy in China later. The region has far-reaching influence until now. Z2z
The southward transition and the southward shift of the economic center of gravity are complementary to each other, which drove the economic development of the ancient Chinese nation, and also made the economic development of various places gradually balanced. Although the north retreats and the south advances, it gradually tends to balance under the agricultural civilization.
Summary
Looking at the so-called "Fleeing to the South" is essentially the history of the escape of the Han people in the Central Plains. Similar to today's "fluid of refugees", it is the suffering of the people. I hope that these histories will always only appear in our textbooks. Peace is precious.
