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During the Yan'an period, five respected old comrades, Dong Biwu, Lin Boqu, Xie Juezai, Xu Teli and Wu Yuzhang, were called the "Five Elders of Yan'an" and were respected as Dong, Lin, Xie, Xu, and Wu. The "Five Elders" are all party members who joined the Party before and after the founding of the Communist Party of China. No matter how the revolutionary situation and personal identity change, their original aspirations will remain forever, and the belief in communism will remain unchanged, and the value pursuit of "seeking happiness for the people and rejuvenation for the nation" will remain unchanged.
Dong Biwu: "The beginning is simple, and the end is great."
Dong Biwu (1886-1975), a native of Hong'an, Hubei, an outstanding proletarian revolutionary, politician and jurist, one of the founders of the Communist Party of China, one of the founders of of the People's Republic of China, and once served as a member of the Standing Committee of the Political Bureau of the Central Committee and acting chairman of the State.
1921 to 1949, from Shikumen to Tiananmen , from Nanhu to Zhongnanhai , among the first representatives of the of the Communist Party of China, only Mao Zedong and Dong Biwu walked to the end and climbed Tiananmen Gate to witness the birth of the People's Republic of China.
1911, the Wuchang Uprising broke out. Dong Biwu rushed from Hong'an to Wuchang and joined the battle, following Sun Yat-sen, the pioneer of the democratic revolution, and participated in the struggle between Xinhai Revolution and Yuan Shikai against Beiyang warlord . However, the darkness of Chinese society after the Xinhai Revolution made him feel depressed and sad, and he began to explore the truth of saving the country and the people.
◆Dong Biwu
1919 During his time, Dong Biwu went to Shanghai to report the situation of the Western Hubei-Western National Alliance Army to Sun Yat-sen, he met Li Hanjun, a friend he called "my Marxist mentor". After listening to the situation of the October Revolution in Russia introduced by Li, he read the Marxist works given by Li and the books and magazines introducing the October Revolution in Russia, and felt a sudden realization. In March of that year, Dong Biwu said clearly: "China's independence cannot work on Sun Yat-sen's path, and we must follow Lenin's path." On May 18, Dong Biwu and others sent a telegram to the whole country in Shanghai's National Salvation Times, saying: "The representatives of the North still hold on to the traitors and refuse to accept it. This is what the people's original intention of hope for peace." This is the earliest Chinese Communists used the concept of "original intention". At this time, Dong Biwu had accepted Marxism, and in essence his "original intention" was to establish the Communist Party. In the autumn of 1919, Dong Biwu returned to Wuhan and founded Wuhan Middle School to spread Marxism.
1920, Chen Duxiu, Li Hanjun and others initiated the establishment of the first early party organization in Shanghai, and actively promoted the establishment of early party organizations in various places. Li Hanjun made a special trip to Wuhan to entrust Dong Biwu with the preparation and construction of the "Communist Wuhan Branch". Dong Biwu and his like-minded friends Chen Tanqiu and others actively planned and prepared. At this time, Chen Duxiu sent early party member Liu Bochui to Wuhan to assist Dong Biwu in his work. In October of that year, Dong Biwu, Chen Tanqiu, Liu Bochui, Zhang Guoen, Bao Huiseng and others held a meeting to establish the early organization of the Wuhan Party - the "Wuhan Branch of the Communist Party". At the suggestion of Liu Bochui, Bao Huiseng was elected as the branch secretary.
11921, Dong Biwu and Chen Tanqiu arrived in Shanghai as representatives of the early organization of the Wuhan Party to attend the First National Congress of the Communist Party of China . On July 23, the First National Congress opened in the Shikumen Mansion of Li Hanjun’s brother Li Shucheng . At the meeting on July 24, Dong Biwu reported on the preparations for the establishment of the Wuhan Party organization and the activities of the Party and League in the region, and was recognized by the delegates at the meeting.
Add two days off the meeting on July 25 and 26. According to the suggestion of Communist International representative Malin , Dong Biwu and Li Da and Zhang Guotao formed a drafting committee to draft the "First Program of the Communist Party of China" and work plan, and submitted it to the delegates for discussion for 3 days. At around 8 pm on July 30, the First National Congress held its sixth meeting (closing meeting), and was discovered by the secret agents of the French Concession. The meeting was forced to adjourn the meeting and moved to the last meeting on the pleasure boat in Nanhu, Jiaxing, to announce the founding of the Communist Party of China.After the meeting, Dong Biwu and Li Hanjun drafted a report to the Communist International, summarizing the main issues discussed at the conference.
As one of the founders of the Communist Party of China, Dong Biwu always keeps his original aspiration in mind and upholds the ideals and beliefs of communism. During his long revolutionary career, he was in danger many times, but he did not shake his will and determination to persist in the revolution. At every critical historical juncture, he firmly stood at the forefront of great changes, made great achievements in the Chinese revolution and the cause of socialist construction, and was praised by the Party Central Committee as "one of the model leaders of the Communist Party of China." But he never talked about his personal contributions, often saying, "I am a rag. If the party wants me to make a rag, I will make a rag." He said it with great sincerity and humility.
In the Spring Festival of 1956, Dong Biwu visited the memorial hall of the First Congress site and wrote an inscription by himself: "The beginning is simple, and the end is huge." This sentence comes from "Zhuangzi·Human World", which means that some things were extremely small at the beginning and were not valued, but later they grew stronger and achieved great achievements. This is a true portrayal of the development and growth of the Communist Party of China.
In December 1963, Dong Biwu wrote a couplet for the site of the Nanhu Association of the First Congress of the Communist Party of China: The misty rain and tower revolution was born here, and the sparks were once there; the wind and clouds are hibernating in spring and hibernation everywhere. It expresses that the Chinese Communist Party’s journey from “sparks” to “serious thunder” started with this pleasure boat.
April 5, 1964, it was the time of the rain in Qingming Festival, and Mr. Dong visited Nanhu in person. He boarded the commemorative boat, his heart was undulating, and he wrote a poem "Traveling to the Smoky Rain Tower of Nanhu, Jiaxing on Qingming Festival": The sound of revolution spreads to the pleasure boat, and the Communist Party guided workers and peasants; it was the Qingming Festival again, and the misty rain visited the old traces.
Lin Boqu: "The revolutionary life is worthless"
Lin Boqu (1886-1960), from Linli, Hunan. He is one of the important leaders of the Party and the country, and has served as a member of the Seventh and Eighth Central Political Bureau of the Communist Party of China.
In the spring of 1904, Lin Boqu and dozens of Japanese students from Hunan who were studying in Japan took a boat from Changsha, and went to Japan to study via Wuhan and Shanghai. On August 20, 1905, the founding meeting of the China Tongmenghui was held in Tokyo. Lin Boqu attended the meeting. Later, he joined the China Tongmenghui through the introduction of Huang Xing and Song Jiaoren .
After returning from Japan after returning from studying, Lin Boqu began his career as a professional revolutionary and, together with many patriots, participated in a series of revolutionary activities organized by the Tongmenghui . But the revolution has repeatedly suffered setbacks and failures, the country is still so chaotic, and the people are still so harsh, and he feels distressed and confused.
◆Young Lin Boqu.
1913, after the failure of the "Second Revolution", Lin Boqu was wanted by Yuan Shikai. He was forced to go into exile in Japan and met Li Dazhao, who studied in politics at Waseda University in Tokyo. Li Dazhao's teacher is the Japanese translator of Marx's " Capital ". Influenced by him, Li has begun to study Marxism and has also organized an anti-Yuan group, the Chinese Society with several classmates. At this time, Lin Boqu and Yi Xiang and other friends also organized an anti-Yuan group Yimao Society. Lin Boqu visited Li Dazhao many times, and the two agreed to merge the two groups into the Shenzhou Society, and publicly elected Li Dazhao as the speaker of the voting and Lin Boqu and Yi Xiang as the officials. From then on, Lin Boqu became close friends with Li Dazhao, giving Lin Boqu the opportunity to understand Marxist theory. After returning to China, the two often communicated to each other's situation. Li Dazhao sent his works and books and pamphlets published in various places to Lin Boqu to promote Marxism, the Russian October Revolution and the report on the international communist movement. Through the study of these materials, Lin gradually realized Marxism and increasingly believed that it was the only truth to save China and mankind, and has been unswerving throughout his life.
1920, Lin Boqu served as the senator of the Grand Marshal Sun Yat-sen's Office, assisting Sun Yat-sen in his work, and often traveled between Shanghai and Guangzhou. In the autumn and winter, he received a letter from Li Dazhao from Beijing. The letter mentioned that Chen Duxiu had initiated the organization of the Communist Party in Shanghai, and Li Hanjun, Shen Xuanlu , Shao Lizi and others participated.Li Dazhao, Zhang Guotao and Zhang Shenfu also established early Communist organizations in Beijing. The letter also introduced Lin Boqu to meet Chen Duxiu in Shanghai. In the early winter of that year, Lin Boqu met Chen at Chen Duxiu's residence No. 2 Yuyangli, Shanghai, and took out Li Dazhao's recommendation letter and handed it to Chen. Li expressed his hope that Chen and he himself would be Lin Boqu's introduction party members. In this way, in January 1921, introduced by Li Dazhao and Chen Duxiu, Lin Boqu joined the early organization of the Shanghai Party and became one of the 58 early party members of the Communist Party of China.
Lin Boqu said that he joined the Communist Party of China "feeled from the oppression of the vast number of working people in the country and the influence of the October Revolution in " and said, "Before the Revolution of 1911, I felt that as long as the imperial system was overthrown, the world would be peaceful. After many setbacks after the revolution, the democracy I pursued was still so far away. So I slowly discovered from my painful experience that this road was blocked and finally embarked on the path of communism."
◆Lin Boqu works in a cave in Yan'an.
In 1922, the Kuomintang and the Communist Party began to plan their first cooperation, when Lin Boqu served as Minister of General Affairs of the Kuomintang Central Committee. With the help of the Communist Party of China, Sun Yat-sen formulated three major policies: alliance with Russia, alliance with the Communist Party, and assistance to farmers and workers. During this process, the CCP’s proposals were conveyed to Sun Yat-sen through Lin Boqu, and he also arranged for Li Dazhao and Chen Duxiu to meet with Sun Yat-sen. Some talks between the representatives of the Communist International and the Soviet envoy and Sun Yat-sen were also contacted by Li Dazhao through Lin Boqu. In January 1924, the Kuomintang held its first National Congress, formally confirming the first cooperation between the Kuomintang and the Communist Party. Lin Boqu played an important role in this historic event.
Mao Zedong once praised Lin Boqu: "In the course of history, you always stand at the forefront of the revolution." This is his most pertinent evaluation. August 1st Nanchang Uprising , the Long March of 25,000 miles, and after more than 10 years of hard perseverance in Yan'an, he has always been at the forefront of the revolution. On October 1, 1949, Mao Zedong personally selected Lin Boqu as the host of Founding Ceremony , witnessing the founding of the People's Republic of China.
After Lin Boqu’s death, Chen Yi wrote a poem to mourn Lin Boqu’s “religious shame in his revolutionary life.”
Xie Juezai: "I'm always eager to dedicate myself to the Party and seek more profits from the people."
Xie Juezai (1884-1971), a native of Ningxiang, Hunan Province, an older generation proletarian revolutionary, politician, and social activist. He has served as Minister of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of the Central People's Government, President of the Supreme People's Court, and Vice Chairman of the National Committee of the Chinese People's Political Consultative Conference.
1919, the soldiers and bandits in my hometown fought in a mess. Xie Juezai lamented in his diary that "the bandits are getting stronger and stronger, and the soldiers are hard to get rid of strictness", and "the suffering is the people." Seeing the cannibalistic society where the rich and the poor are poor, he angrily wrote in his diary: "The life that is enjoyed by humans is always a hundred and million... Is the heaven determined?! Is the man determined?! My heart is pounding... Therefore, we should seek universal transformation." The original intention of striving for the people to live a good life is vividly displayed on paper.
◆Young man Xie Juezai.
1920 In August 2019, after He Shuheng introduced, Xie Juezai went to Changsha to edit the "Hunan Popular News", met Mao Zedong and accepted his proposal to run a newspaper. He made great reforms to the newspaper from content to form, criticized the warlord rule, and promoted new democratic ideas. In January 1921, introduced by Mao Zedong and He Shuheng, Xie Juezai joined Xinmin Society , and was determined to work with them to "transform China and the world", and since then he embarked on the road of accepting Marxism. In 1925, Xie Juezai joined the Communist Party of China with the introduction of He Shuheng. Xie Juezai said: "That's how I stepped into a great and dangerous revolutionary road after I was 40 years old, and seemed to be ready to step into this road." He wrote to his family: "The future of the revolution is unknown, and I have already made my promise to the party."
Xie Juezai went from Changsha to Honghu, went to Ruijin , arrived in Yan'an, went to Lanzhou, stationed in Xibaipo , entered Beiping , and went through decades of storms, facing the danger of being arrested and killed, facing the Long March full of difficulties and obstacles, "even though nine deaths, I still have no regrets." After experiencing disasters, he has always remained unchanged, withstood various tests, and has practiced his original aspiration and mission of "pursuing happiness for the people and rejuvenation for the nation" with his life , "dedicate yourself to the Party and strive for profits with the people."
1933, Xie Juezai entered the Central Soviet Area and served as secretary for Mao Zedong. After work, he accompanied Mao Zedong for a walk in Shazhouba Village. Seeing that Shazhouba was short of water, the villagers had to walk several miles to carry water. He and Mao Zedong found water sources, dug wells for the villagers, and were the first to break the ground. Mao Zedong and other leaders also participated in the work of digging wells, and soon dug a well, solving the problem of difficulty in getting water from the villagers. 1950 In 1947, in order to remember Mao Zedong's kindness, the fellow villagers erected a stone tablet beside the well "Drunk from the well digging".
◆In 1947, Xie Juezai and Mao Zedong took photos at Shenquan Fortress, Jiaxian County, northern Shaanxi.
After the founding of New China, Xie Juezai became the Minister of the Internal Affairs Department of the Central People's Government, and his relatives in his hometown thought of going to Beijing to join him. In his reply to his son, he said earnestly that he was a "Jiaoguan". "Jiaoguan" is a Hunan dialect, which refers to an official who does not make money. He pointed out, "If an official is to make money, the world will be in chaos; if an official is not to make money, the world will be great. "I also wrote a poem: "You said I am a high-ranking official, and my official position is like Mr. Zhou." Get up early and sleep late, so you can feel at ease if you can do more. "Zhou Laoguan" is a village chief worker. He compared himself as a "long-term worker" who serves the people. He got up early and went to bed late, thinking that the Party and the people should do more and do good things as their responsibility.
A major flood occurred from 1949 to 1950, and the disaster involved the whole country 16 In each province. Xie Juezai proposed that "no one is allowed to starve to death" and allocated one after another to disaster relief funds. He visited Shandong twice to inspect the disaster situation, and also went to Henan, Hebei, Hubei, Shaanxi, Sichuan, Guangxi and other provinces to coordinate with the local government to resettle victims. According to his suggestion, a social mutual assistance and saving campaign was launched nationwide. The central government agencies donated 1.2 billion yuan and 390,000 kilograms of grain in more than half a year; the North China Military Region saved 3 million kilograms of grain in 6 months. After several months of hard work, the disaster situation across the country was controlled and the severe spring famine was overcome.
1956, Xie Juezai went to Yan An visited. In the hospital, he saw that the families of the hospitalized patients were making fires at the door of the ward to cook, so he told the secretary to understand the situation. It turned out that the hospitalization fee and living expenses were too high, so the people could not bear it, so they had to start their own families. Xie Juezai talked about this situation to the Yan'an Prefectural Committee and specialized , and the heads of the Shaanxi Provincial Party Committee and the Provincial Government. The problem of high hospitalization costs of the people was controlled, and there was no smoke from the stove at the door of the ward. Xie Juezai wrote a letter to Mao Zedong, suggesting that the central government solve the burden on the people in northern Shaanxi. Mao Zedong replied to Xie Juezai, praising him for doing a good thing when he revisited Yan'an.
In the spring of 1959, Xie Juezai led a condolence group in the old revolutionary area to Jinggangshan . When he visited the revolutionary site, he pointed to the door where Mao Zedong slept in that year and said that in the past, the conditions were poor, Chairman Mao slept on wooden boards, but now he is a national leader and still slept on wooden boards. This is the "hanging beam and thorning stock", and he took the lead in carrying forward the spirit of Jinggangshan. He further said that China's " official-oriented " legacy is easy to inherit, from ancient times to the Republic of China. We Communists cannot be officials and masters, but must serve the people. This is the purpose of the party.
Xu Teli: "A textbook without words"
Xu Teli (1877-1968), a native of Changsha, Hunan, an outstanding revolutionary educator, a member of the 7th and 8th Central Committee of the Communist Party of China, and a deputy director of the Propaganda Department of the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China.
Xu Teli is the oldest among the "Five Olds in Yan'an" and once served as Mao Zedong's teacher. When he entered the forty years, Xu Teli was already a well-known educator in Hunan Province.He could have received a stable salary to live a stable life, but in order to realize his ideal of saving the country through education, in 1919, when he was 42 years old, he went to France to work and study while "only pinyin in English and ignorant of French". He did not return to his motherland until July 1924.
◆Xu Teli went to France to work and study.
1926, with the victory of Northern Expedition , the peasant movement led by the Communist Party of China quickly emerged. According to Mao Zedong's suggestion, he returned to his hometown to investigate the peasant movement. This exercise made him feel a lot: "I went to the countryside for a week, which made my thoughts from the age of 18 to 50 have revolutionized my thoughts! The Kangliang and Zhongshan I admired in the past have had less effect on the Chinese revolution than the organized peasants!"
The in full swing The Workers' Peasants' Movement made Xu Teli realize that the Communist Party is a party that strives for the interests of the people. In 1927, in the bloody storm of the Kuomintang's crazy massacre of Communists, Xu Teli, over 50 years old, found Li Weihan, a former student and head of the Hunan Provincial Committee of the Communist Party of China, and joined the Communist Party of China without hesitation. The Kuomintang sent people to advise him not to follow the Communist Party. He said righteously: "I know that following the Communist Party is in danger of beheading; but following you will only be infamous for thousands of years." Lu Dingyi praised him for joining the party as "a textbook without words."
Xu Teli participated in Long March at the age of 57, and is the oldest in the Long March team. The Red Army suffered heavy losses when it fought against Xiangjiang. Despite his physical weakness, Xu Teli forced himself to climb to the hillside, waved his arms, and encouraged the soldiers to persevere. This was like a warm current that warmed and inspired the young Red Army soldiers. They saw that Mr. Xu, who was almost 60 years old, was so strong and devoted themselves to the new battle.
On the Long March, the organization entrusted him with a horse for transportation, but his horse became a public horse for the injured and sick. During the 25,000-mile Long March, Xu Teli rode a horse with a mileage of no more than 3,000 miles, and the remaining 22,000 miles were completed.
After the Long March arrived in northern Shaanxi, Xu Teli immediately began to work on the education recovery work in the border area. One day, he went to a school to attend a class in a torn leather jacket and tied a rope with his waist. The school teachers thought he was the Red Army's groom and didn't care. The next day, Xu Teli went to the class with Dong Biwu and Feng Xuefeng. Feng Xuefeng introduced Xu Teli to the teachers. Only then did the teachers realize that this simple-dressed "groom" was actually the Minister of the Border Region Education Department. There is a short poem that describes his frugal life in Yan'an: "The elders of Yan'an are only unique, and their lives are as simple as old men; they often replenish their coarse cloth and clothes, and they cook their own fruits and food."
◆In the summer of 1937, Xu Teli was in Yan'an.
1937, the central government made an exception to congratulate Xu Teli on his 60th birthday. In his congratulatory letter to him, Mao Zedong wrote: "You are my husband twenty years ago, you are still my husband now, and you will definitely be my husband in the future. When the revolution failed, many Communist Party members left the Communist Party, and some even ran to the enemy. However, you joined the Communist Party in the autumn of 1927 and took a very positive attitude." He also praised him for being "the first in revolution, first in work, first in others." At this time, Xu Teli, as a representative of the Eighth Route Army Office in Hunan, had already rushed to Hunan to carry out anti-Japanese and national salvation activities.
After the founding of New China, Xu Teli still maintained a frugal style. His coat was still the old one he wore in Yan'an, and there were patches everywhere. The secretary really couldn't stand it anymore, so he said, Mr. Xu, let's change one. He shook his head and said, "Didn't you see a farmer wearing a cotton coat for the rest of his life? How many years have I worn it?" Later, he agreed to buy a wool uniform and a pair of leather shoes, but he only wore it when he attended some important banquets and participated in foreign affairs activities.
When Xu Teli lived in Xiangshan, Beijing, he rarely took a small car. He did some calculations with the guard: cars and gasoline were imported from abroad in physical goods or gold. From Xiangshan to the city, he ran away the annual income of a middle-aged farmer in a few round trips. Later, when he moved to the city to live, he often used his car instead of cars.
When Xu Teli was the deputy director of the Central Propaganda Department, he lived with some staff. The house was old and crowded, and his grandchildren could only sleep on the floor of the office when they came home. The organization was preparing to build a house for him, but Xu Teli refused: "I have received the organization's intentions, but the people are still so poor. Can I live with me with a house?" Later, the country's economic situation improved, and after many persuasions and 1/2 of the construction fee was cut, he reluctantly agreed.
In 1957, on Xu Teli's 80th birthday, his relatives and friends decided to hold a birthday banquet for him, but he said, "Isn't it to smear me Xu Teli with such a big meal?" He happened to be going to Hunan to hold a People's Congress, so he took the opportunity to "escape". But when he arrived in Changsha, there were more relatives and friends, and his pomp was even greater than that in Beijing. He was firm: "I can't celebrate this birthday, I'm sorry to the people after it." So he bought a ticket to Guangzhou. His 80th birthday was spent in the rumbling of the train.
Mao Zedong called him a "strong old soldier"; Liu Shaoqi said that "the Communist Party has Xu Teli, which is a great honor"; Zhou En said that he is "the light of the people and the glory of our party"; Zhu De called him "a saint today."
Wu Yuzhang: "Do good things for the rest of your life"
Wu Yuzhang (1878-1966), people in Rongxian, Sichuan, outstanding proletarian revolutionary and educator, founder of of Renmin University of China, served as president of Renmin University of China for 17 years.
1906, Wu Yuzhang joined the Tongmenghui and participated in the Xinhai Revolution. It was established in the early Republic of China, and the Sichuan Military Government sent Wu Yuzhang to Nanjing as a representative of Sichuan. At that time, the Nanjing Provisional Government had been established. When he saw him, he said, "It's a pity that you came late, and the positions of the subordinate ministers of each department are gone. You can choose one of the directors of the Ministry of Internal Affairs." After hearing this, Wu Yuzhang despised him and said, "We revolution is not to be an official but to overthrow the Qing Dynasty rule and make the country prosperous." Later, he served as secretary of the Presidential Office and helped Mr. Sun Yat-sen establish politics.
After the failure of the Xinhai Revolution, Wu Yuzhang went to France to study in 1913. After returning to China in 1917, Wu Yuzhang founded a preparatory school for studying in France in Beijing, and selected nearly 2,000 students studying in France. Zhou Enlai, Deng Xiaoping, Wang Ruofei, Chen Yi, Nie Rongzhen, Zhao Shiyan, Cai Hesen and other students studying in France later became pillars of the Chinese revolution.
◆Young Wu Yuzhang.
During the May Fourth Movement, Wu Yuzhang accepted socialist thought. From 1922 to 1924, he served as the president of Chengdu Higher Normal School (predecessor of Sichuan University ), and the activities of the Provincial Student Federation and the Marxist Research Association made this institution the base camp of the progressive forces in Chengdu at that time. He founded publications such as Sunday with Yun Daiying, Yang Yangong and others to promote new cultures and new ideas, introduce and promote Marxism, and also sent people to do propaganda among workers and farmers, which had a great impact on the local area. After Yun Daiying was arrested in Luzhou , Wu Yuzhang immediately went to bail and hired Yun Daiying to teach at the school.
In the autumn and winter of 1923, Liu Bocheng treated his injuries in Chengdu. What bothers him not only the physical pain, but also the worry about his future. Wu Yuzhang would go to his residence every three or five days, while visiting the disease, introducing Marxist theory, and introducing Liu Bocheng to meet Yang Yangong. Under the influence of Wu and Yang, Liu Bocheng's thoughts underwent profound changes.
1925, Wu Yuzhang joined the Communist Party of China in Beijing with the introduction of Zhao Shiyan. He once said: "I was 47 years old when I joined the party. My first half of my life was groping forward on a bumpy road... I searched for nearly 30 years, and after failure, victory, and then failure. It was not until the October Revolution and Marxism was spread to China that I found the truth and embarked on a bright road."
According to the instructions of the party, Wu Yuzhang engaged in united front work and participated in the Northern Expedition. Later, he participated in the Nanchang Uprising and served as member and secretary-general of the Revolutionary Committee. The revolution failed and went to the Soviet Union in accordance with the Party’s instructions, studied and taught at the Soviet Oriental University and other schools, and attended the Seventh Congress of the Communist International.
In 1938, he returned to China to participate in the national war of resistance and was elected as a member of the First National Political Consultative Conference. On the order of the Party, he went to the Kuomintang-controlled area to organize the work of the anti-Japanese national united front . At the end of that year, after the National Political Participation Conference, Chiang Kai-shek took the opportunity to win over him and said, "You are an old senior of the old Tongmenghui and the Kuomintang, so why don't you return to the Kuomintang." Wu Yuzhang responded firmly: "I joined the Communist Party to believe in the scientific truth of Marxism-Leninism, and I know that only communism is the only correct path for social development. I am unshakable about this and will never be able to do anything but virtue!" Chiang Kai-shek spoke speechless and retreated in disappointment.
◆Zhu De took a photo with Dong Biwu, Lin Boqu, Wu Yuzhang and Xie Juezai in Yan'an.
1939, Wu Yuzhang went to Yan'an and served as the president of the Yan'an Constitutional Promotion Association, director of the Cultural Committee of the Shaanxi-Gansu-Ningxia Border Region Government, dean of the Luxun Academy of Art, and president of the Yan'an University. He has been engaged in the party's cultural education work for a long time and has trained several generations of cadres. What makes him different from many progressive educators of his contemporaries is that he regards education as a part of the revolutionary cause from beginning to end, firmly and clearly cultivates talents for the needs of the revolution, and becomes a revolutionary educator.
On January 15, 1940, the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China celebrated Wu Yuzhang's 60th birthday in the Yan'an Central Auditorium. Mao Zedong personally sent a congratulation: "It is not difficult for a person to do good things. The difficult thing is to do good things for the rest of his life, not do bad things, which is consistently beneficial to the general public, always beneficial to the youth, always beneficial to the revolution, and work hard for decades, this is the most difficult and difficult! Our Comrade Wu Yuzhang is such a person who has been doing it for decades!"
After the founding of New China, Wu Yuzhang served as the president of Renmin University of China and the director of the Chinese Language Reform Commission for a long time, and made great contributions to the education cause of New China. In 1960, he wrote a poem "Self-encouraging Poem": "The silkworm will not end until it dies, and the silk will never stop when it reaches its peak. You must work hard for a while, and keep it as a good place for young people." At the age of 88, he often goes to the podium to teach teachers and students, and truly achieves "doing good things for the rest of his life."
This article is original " Party History Bo Cai "
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