Introduction:
Chiang Kai-shek For many years after retreating to the southeast island, he has been dreaming of returning to the mainland. Others are on the other side, but their eyes are always focused on the mainland's every move.
955, after the results of the New China awarded title were announced, Chiang Kai-shek immediately took the list and studied it carefully. When he saw the person ranked sixth among the marshals, he pointed his name and told his wife that this person was a powerful character. is Chen Yi , and is also the number one target of the special assassination of Chiang Kai-shek. From the period of the Agrarian Revolution to the , after the founding of New China, Chiang Kai-shek rarely won in many fields, so he felt sad when he saw Chen Yi and Chiang Kai-shek.
In the war years, Chen Yi commanded thousands of troops to compete with the Japanese invaders and the national army; after liberation, he defeated Chiang Kai-shek's assassination conspiracy and led Shanghai to be reborn from the ashes; then, he made great contributions to the founding and construction of the New China.
1. From dreaming of becoming a writer to growing into a revolutionary
Chen Yi was born in a declining landlord family. He is the second son in the family and has many brothers and sisters. When I was young, I was extremely intelligent. When I was studying in a private school, I read, write and recited much faster than others, and I was especially good at poetry and prose.
html When he was 218 years old, he went to France to study in two months. At that time, the direction he chose for himself was to become a writer. The romantic and humanistic Paris could provide him with enough cultural soil.Unfortunately, Chen Yi lives in a turbulent era. As a Chinese son and daughter, even though he is overseas, he still cares about his hometown and explores the way to save the country. Two years later, he was sent back to his country for participating in the patriotic movement. Although
only stayed in Paris for two years, Chen Yi's thoughts have changed drastically. Two years of work-study and social surveys made him realize the essence of capitalism , and under the influence of Cai Hesen, he became a Marxist.
In the winter of 1923, Chen Yi went to Beijing to study. It is here that young Chen Yi combined his literary dreams with revolutionary thoughts, and while participating in revolutionary organization work, he wrote poetry novels and used literature to convey progressive ideas.
When attending the event, Chen Yi met many like-minded people and later worked with Li Dazhao. After graduation, Chen Yi, who was busy with the revolutionary cause, had little energy to create literature.
927, after Chiang Kai-shek and others opened up counter-revolution, Chen Yi learned on his way out of Wuhan that an armed uprising was about to be held in Nanchang , so he immediately caught up with the uprising troops retreating south and became a participant in this important historical event. In October, Zhu De and Chen Yi led more than 800 people to guerrilla warfare , and during this period, the far-reaching Gannan Sanquan was carried out. In April of the following year, the meeting in Jinggangshan was realized, embarking on a new revolutionary journey.
934, after the failure of the anti-encirclement and suppression, the central government prepared to decide to transfer, and Chen Yi and others, who had been seriously injured in the battle, were ordered to stay and continue to fight against the enemy.
From October 1934 to September 1937, for three years, Chen Yi led his comrades to fight arduously in the siege of the enemy and in a severed struggle with the central government, and preserve the power of the southern revolution.
In April 1935, Chiang Kai-shek mobilized four divisions and nearly 40,000 local armed forces to build several blockade lines in the border areas of Guangdong-Jiangxi, and encircled and suppressed the main generals of the Red Army, led by Chen Yi, who were left behind in the south of , who were conducting guerrilla warfare in the south of .
In order to avoid the enemy, Chen Yi dragged a wounded leg and kept changing places. During a transfer, they met the enemy head-on. Chen Yi and the guards hid in the tall and dense reeds on the roadside, but a fallen shoe was discovered by the Kuomintang troops who came to search.
s soldiers stopped in front of the reeds they were hiding. At that moment, Chen Yi thought he would be unable to escape, but he did not expect that the other party would block their figures even more tightly.
no one was found, but the enemy still swayed around until dark before leaving.Chen Yi breathed a sigh of relief and quickly moved to another place after confirming that the enemy would not come back in the second half of the night.
In the past three years, there have been many times when he missed Chen Yi but was unable to catch or shoot him, so that Chiang Kai-shek was furious and scolded his subordinates during the meeting.
Chen Yi and others led the troops to fight bloody battles with the National Army in a difficult environment, and their sacrifices and contributions should also be remembered by future generations. During the hard years, Chen Yi used poetry to express his firm revolutionary ambition of "even if he dies nine times, he will never regret it."
2. Command in the War of Resistance and Liberation, in 1937, after the outbreak of the War of Resistance Against Japan, Chen Yi, who was still in isolation from the central government, read Chairman Mao’s report in a newspaper. He realized the importance of the unified war of resistance and decided to take the initiative to negotiate with the Kuomintang.
In September, three years later, I finally received instructions from the central government. Later, when Chen Yi went to various guerrilla areas to convey the latest spirit of the central government, some leaders could not understand the huge policy change of the Kuomintang from a mortal enemy to a friendly army. Some even thought that Chen Yi "fakely passed the imperial edict" and almost caused a major accident of killing him by mistake.
In the War of Resistance Against Japan, Chen Yi resolutely implemented the policy of the united front, and was also wary of the possibility of the Kuomintang's incorporation or defeating guerrillas through various means, that is, to cooperate and fight.
Chen Yi led his army into the south of the Yangtze River and sent people across the river to the north to open up new bases. He commanded his troops to blow up four Japanese planes parked at Hongqiao Airport, causing a huge response.
940, Chen Yi used the Kuomintang's factional struggle to divide the national army and strive for the neutrality of some national army. In October, facing the prepared national army, Chen Yi unified the troops to set up positions in Huangqiao to lure the enemy into depth and then divide and eliminate them.
Huangqiao Decisive Battle is a battle to win the more with fewer defeats. New Fourth Army annihilated and captured 15,000 enemy troops at the cost of 900 casualties, fully demonstrating Chen Yi's outstanding military command talent, keen political sense and overall concept.
After the Southern Anhui Incident, Chen Yi served as the commander of the New Fourth Army. While defeating the National Army's conspiracy to suppress the Communist Party, he also relied on the masses to crush the Japanese army's sweep. By 1945, compared with the first time, the New Fourth Army's military strength had expanded by more than twenty times.
946, Chiang Kai-shek brazenly launched a civil war in despite the call for peace for the broad masses of people. Although he was at a disadvantage, Chen Yi commanded his troops to actively defend and annihilate the vital forces of the national army, and achieved victory after victory.
947, the Li Xianzhou Group was annihilated by the troops commanded by Chen Yi, and even Li Xianzhou himself became a prisoner. The victory of this battle greatly increased the morale of the troops and caused a heavy blow to the Kuomintang. Not long after, Chen Yi wiped out all the reorganized 74th Division of , known as the trump card and was once famous in Menglianggu, and killed his division commander on the spot. After Chiang Kai-shek learned the news, he was so angry that he almost vomited blood.
948, when the Liberation War entered a new stage, Chen Yi, as one of the members of the General Front Committee, commanded the vigorous Huaihai Battle , sweeping the enemy troops in the East China Central Plains. 949, Chen Yi directed the last and extremely special battle in his life - Shanghai Battle , because the central government issued a requirement that "Shanghai cannot be broken".
requires that it will not destroy Shanghai's industry and infrastructure as much as possible and reduce its impact on people's livelihood activities. Therefore, Chen Yi proposed a strategy of taking over while fighting, thereby minimizing the losses caused to the Shanghai people by fighting.
The battle lasted for a total of 15 days. On the 27th, on the last day of the Shanghai Battle, there was an enemy entrenched in power plants and other places to fight stubbornly.
After Chen Yi learned about the enemy's number, he thought for a moment that their deputy commander had a very respectful teacher in Shanghai, so he successfully convinced the enemy to surrender through the relationship between this teacher.
It was also the same day that Shanghai was liberated. Chiang Kai-shek, who rushed to Shanghai a month ago, said he wanted to defend the death to the death, had already fled in panic when things were not good.
3. Governing Shanghai to defeat Chiang Kai-shek's assassination plan
At the end of May 1949, the people of Shanghai crossed the road to welcome the People's Liberation Army into the city. That night, they witnessed the scene where the troops would rather stay overnight than disturb the people. At 2:00 p.m. on the 28th, Chen Yi stepped into the city government building.
What he took over was a devastated Shanghai: it was originally a metropolis known as a foreign market. However, under the destruction of years of war and the malicious destruction of the Kuomintang, 70% of factories went bankrupt and 60% of stores closed.
Even so, Chiang Kai-shek relied on the lack of sufficient air power in the new China to bomb Shanghai's infrastructure and ordinary people. The most frequent bombing was 27 times in a month, each time causing thousands of casualties.
In addition, after the Kuomintang escaped, many spies were left to sabotage. In addition, the gangsters and gangsters on the streets, the public security situation in Shanghai was very bad and the management level of the ruling people was extremely demanding.
It is under such harsh conditions that Chen Yi led a large group of comrades to transform from professional soldiers to managers. Receiving disaster victims, restoring people's livelihood, and developing the economy have brought Shanghai back on track.
, who is still looking forward to counterattack, Chiang Kai-shek cannot win on the battlefield and hopes to eliminate the Chinese Communist Party leaders through assassination. He has planned several assassinations. Among the many plans such as "Tianzi Special Number", Chen Yi is the first goal.
Soon after, a letter with bullets was sent to Chen Yi. The Kuomintang wanted to suppress him psychologically in this arrogant way, but how could a soldier who grew up in the rain of bullets be scared by this "little peanut"!
In mid-October, Liu Quande and a few subordinates secretly transferred from Taipei to Shanghai via Zhoushan and began to implement the assassination plan.
Liu Quande, born in 1915, joined the Red Army at the age of 14 and was born as a "Red Guy". At the age of 18, he was sent to Shanghai to specialize in underground work for two years. However, he betrayed just after being arrested two years later. This person understands the Communist Party, is familiar with Shanghai, and has experience in assassination, so Chiang Kai-shek specifically appointed him to carry out this mission.
However, at this time, Chen Yi reduced his guards by one third at a time. He believed that even if the spy came, he could not escape the eyes of the people and the public security personnel.
As expected, Chiang Kai-shek's conspiracy was wiped out again, and Liu Quande's plan fell into the French Open before it could be implemented. Based on the clues he confessed, the public security personnel also cracked the assassination conspiracy against leaders of other countries.
4. Turn to the diplomatic battlefield to establish a new image of China
955, Chen Yi was awarded the rank of marshal. After Chiang Kai-shek on the other side of the strait learned the news, he told Soong Mei-ling Chen Yi with emotion. He didn't know at this time that they would continue to fight on another battlefield in three years. After the founding of New China, a large number of talents were urgently needed in all aspects of national construction. Therefore, many soldiers took off their military uniforms and left the battlefield of gunfire and turned to the battlefield of diplomacy, which was bloodless, and a group of very stylish general diplomats emerged.
958, Chen Yi took office as Minister of Foreign Affairs. For Chen Yi, diplomacy is a new field but not an unfamiliar field. As early as the Yan'an period, he had participated in policy formulation related to the United States. After the founding of the People's Republic of China, he also visited many countries. He was also an important member of the Bandung Conference delegation.
At that time, Taiwan stole the legal seat of the United Nations that should belong to the New China, but it could not and could not stop the New China from carrying out equal and independent diplomatic activities with Western countries with its own strength. Chen Yi adheres to an open-minded and confident attitude, and while defending China's interests, he has made great contributions to safeguarding the interests of the vast number of developing countries in .
In Chen Yi's diplomatic career, Go diplomacy This way of promoting friendly exchanges between the two countries through sports exchanges is not only a historical event for the improvement of Sino-Japanese relations, but also has a great inspiration for improving bilateral relations with other countries.In the late 250s, in order to break the deadlock between the two countries, Kenzo Matsumura, a member of the Japanese Liberal Democratic Party, visited China. During his meeting with the Chinese leader, he had a great chat with Chen Yi, who also loved Go.
's Go game during his time in Beijing inspired Chen Yi and others: the two countries can communicate through chess skills. In 1962, considering that the time was ripe, Chen Yi sent a Go delegation to visit Japan.
This visit has achieved unprecedented success and is of milestone significance for the improvement of China-Japan relations. Go diplomacy has become a beautiful story in diplomatic history and a microcosm of Chen Yi's diplomatic career.
Conclusion
For such a powerful opponent, Chiang Kai-shek has not been able to win the battlefield for more than 20 years. He hopes to get rid of Chen Yi by offering rewards and assassination, but the conspiracies he carried out failed.
In early 1972, Chen Yi, who suffered from cancer, passed away ineffective treatment at the age of 71. His memorial service was one of the only leaders who attended by Chairman Mao himself after the founding of the People's Republic of China.
From a writer to a military strategist to a diplomat, Chen Yi's life journey has fluctuated with the times. He combined his life goals and choices with the fate of the country, creating a magnificent and great life.
References:
[1] Wang Miao. How was Chen Yi, the "Student Movement Leader" [J]. Literature and History Expo, 2018
[2] Zhou Enlai eulogy to Chen Yi: Less than 600 words choking and aphasia twice [J], People's Daily, 1972
