Chairman Mao had a reputation for talent when he was young, and he had the world in mind.
" Shang Yang's Movement of Wood and Lixin" " is the earliest manuscript of Mao Zedong that we can read. When he wrote this article, Chairman Mao was only 19 years old. Although this article was only about 500 words long, it was praised by his Chinese teacher at the time, Mr. Liu Qian.
Liu Qian praised Mao Zedong as: "A great weapon, given time, will definitely achieve something."
During Mao Zedong's schooling period (fourth row, second from right)
From 1913 to 1918, Mao Zedong came to Hunan First Normal College again read. While studying there, at the age of 24, he wrote his first published article. Although this article was not the grand social argument that Mr. Liu Qian expected, its signature hinted at the future development trajectory of Chinese history. , also hides a number that is very fateful to Mao Zedong throughout his life.
So, how does the signature of this article magically coincide with the trajectory of Chinese history? What is the connection between this name and Chairman Mao?
All of this starts with Mao Zedong’s studies at Hunan First Normal University.
"Twenty-eight Painters"
Hunan First Normal College is Mao Zedong's alma mater. From 1913 to 1918, Mao Zedong spent 5 years here as a normal student. While studying at Hunan First Normal College, Mao Zedong strengthened his body, absorbed knowledge, and completed the journey from seeking revolutionary truth to embarking on the road of revolution.
The young Mao Zedong was a man of the hour at the First Normal College, where he did many meaningful things. The most important one is - "Monkey Stone Hands Over Gun" incident .
Duan Qirui
The " Dharma Protector Movement" started in 1917. Duan Qirui, the Beiyang military government, sent Fu Liangzuo to Hunan to suppress the Dharma Protector Movement. He was later defeated by Tan Haoming of the Guangxi Army. Fu Liangzuo fled with his remaining soldiers. Out of Changsha.
At this time, Hunan First Normal College received the news: "The Beiyang Army rushed to the aid of Fu Liangzuo." Hearing that Fu Liangzuo had been defeated and fled to Hubei, he had no intention of fighting. He was preparing to evacuate to Changsha and had already arrived not far from the First Normal College. "Monkey Rock area."
Principal Kong Zhaoshou decided to lead nearly a thousand teachers, students and staff in the school to temporarily hide in Amiling, five miles east of the city. After a detailed analysis of the situation between the enemy and ourselves, Mao Zedong said to the principal: "I am willing to organize a student volunteer army , set up an ambush to intercept the defeated soldiers, collect their firearms, and protect the safety of the school."
After emergency consultations with other teachers, Kong Zhaoshou believed that Mao Zedong's suggestion was feasible, and authorized Mao Zedong to command the student volunteers. After
young Mao Zedong was appointed, he immediately made a decision together with Principal Kong: mobilized about 100 student volunteers equipped with guns to prepare for departure; urgently mobilized all teachers and students in the school to move out tables, chairs and benches to block all doors of the school, forming multiple barriers , prepare to fight.
Then, he took the school’s official letter to the Southern District Police Station and contacted the police for unified action. In this way, all the teachers and students of the school, the transferred student volunteers, and some police officers were unified under the command of Mao Zedong, and he became the commander-in-chief of the "three armed forces."
Kong Zhaoshou
Soldiers are not tired of deception, so Mao Zedong decided to find a way to pretend that he had enough weapons to scare off the enemy.
At dusk, Kong Zhaoshou and Mao Zedong led the student volunteers armed with live ammunition, carrying firecrackers and kerosene barrels, lurking on several hills near Monkey Rock, forming a condescending siege against the defeated troops. At the same time, let the police guard the wonderful peak behind the school.
At this time, the defeated troops moved northward in fear, trying to enter the city. When they arrived not far from the ambush area, the police and student soldiers fired at the same time on the hilltop. At the same time, they set off firecrackers in kerosene barrels and shouted in unison: "Fu Liangzuo has escaped, Gui Jun We have already entered the city, surrender your guns and do not kill!"
In an instant, the guns and cannons were fired, and the shouts were loud, like thousands of troops sweeping over.The Beiyang Army was originally frightened. After this sudden attack, the team immediately collapsed. The soldiers hid in Tibet and were completely defeated. About 3,000 people surrendered on the spot. In this way, Changsha City was spared a military disaster.
Mao Zedong's decisiveness, bravery and outsmarting the defeated troops were praised by teachers and students in the school, who all praised him as "full of courage".
Mao Zedong himself was also very satisfied with this military operation. Not only was he trained and tested in actual combat, but he also had his first taste of commanding soldiers, galloping horizontally, and planning and executing actions with ease, which made him more familiar with the art of war. Initial interest arose.
Much later, Chairman Mao still mentioned in a casual conversation, "It was the first time that he engaged in military affairs!"
When young Mao Zedong was at Hunan First Normal University, Mao Zedong also called on everyone to have in their dormitories. "Three don't talk" - that is, don't talk about money, don't talk about trivial family matters, and don't talk about issues between men and women.. When the students returned to their dormitories, they talked about their feelings about home and country and the political situation.
In 1925, Mao Zedong, who had graduated seven years ago, passed by Changsha and faced the beautiful and picturesque autumn scenery of the Xiangjiang River. He wrote the words "pointing the country and inspiring words". Presumably, Mao Zedong must have been deeply impressed by his youthful enthusiasm when he was a student at the First Normal College.
In addition, what made Mao Zedong unique was his self-selected "bathhouse" . At that time, the well behind Hunan First Normal School was his "bathing place" all year round. Even in the cold winter, Mao Zedong insisted on taking cold baths, using a towel soaked in well water to rub himself until his body turned red, and then pouring it down with a bucket of water, which made him feel refreshed.
In 1917, Mao Zedong published "Research on Sports" in the magazine "New Youth". This profound paper is Mao Zedong's first published article, signed "Twenty-Eight Painters" , because the total number of traditional Chinese characters for "Mao Zedong" is exactly 28 strokes.
In this article, Mao Zedong advocated "civilize its spirit and barbarize its body" , and also mentioned various methods of maintaining a strong body such as cold water baths, wind baths, and sunbathing. He proposed in the article: "We must pay equal attention to moral education, intellectual education, and physical education, of which physical education is the foundation of the first two."
This kind of thinking and specific practical methods of caring about the country and the people are obviously closely related to his study at the First Normal University. The various experiences are closely related.
"Research on Sports" received special attention from Chen Duxiu, Li Dazhao and others, editors-in-chief of "New Youth" magazine, but no one could have imagined that the signature of this "Twenty-eight Painters" almost foreshadowed the future history of China. develop. The number "twenty-eight" will always reflect Mao Zedong's life trajectory.
The average age is "28 years old"
In 1921, a ground-breaking event happened in China-The First National Congress of the Communist Party of China was held..
From July 23 to early August 1921, the First Congress of the Communist Party of China was held at No. 76 Xingye Road, Shanghai and Nanhu, Jiaxing, Zhejiang, announcing the founding of the Communist Party of China.
In addition to Mao Zedong and He Shuheng from Changsha, there are also Li Da and Li Hanjun from Shanghai, Zhang Guotao and Liu Renjing from Beijing, Dong Biwu and Chen Tanqiu from Wuhan, Chen Gongbo from Guangzhou, Wang Jinmei and Deng Enming from Jinan, Zhou Fohai from Japan, and Bao Huiseng, the representative designated by Chen Duxiu, attended the meeting and represented more than 50 party members across the country. Communist International representatives Marin and Nikolsky also attended the conference.
In mid-to-late July, the Bowen Girls' School located at No. 389 Baier Road (today's No. 127 Taicang Road) in the French Concession began to move in with a group of young people who looked like teachers and students. Came to Shanghai as a summer study tour group to attend this historic gathering.
After the representatives arrived, they held a preparatory meeting at their residence.
After the official opening of the conference, the two representatives of the Communist International first delivered a passionate speech. Subsequently, the representatives discussed the tasks and topics of the meeting.
On July 24, representatives from various regions reported on the status and work progress of party organizations in their regions, and exchanged experiences.
Three meetings were held on the 27th, 28th and 29th respectively, focusing on the previously drafted program and resolutions.
On the evening of the 30th, the National Congress of the Communist Party of China held its sixth meeting. The original topic was to adopt the party's program and resolutions and elect the central government body. However, the meeting was interrupted just a few minutes into the meeting.
It turns out that at the beginning of the sixth meeting of the National People's Congress, there was an intrusion from the patrol room of the French Concession. The first person to break into the venue was Cheng Ziqing . He was the Chinese detective in the patrol room of the French Concession. Before, Marin came to China from Moscow via Europe and was arrested by the police station in Vienna. Although he was rescued and released, he has been closely monitored as a "red element".
Marin, who has rich experience in secret work, said vigilantly that must be an "inquiry". He suggested that the meeting should be suspended immediately and everyone should leave separately.
Marin
Sure enough, more than ten minutes later, two police cars surrounded the general meeting site.
Fortunately, because everyone was prepared in advance, when the French police officers personally led people into the room to inquire and search, they did not find much evidence and left after threatening and warning.
Although this impact did not cause major losses, the First Congress of the Communist Party of China can no longer be held at the original location.
Some people said: "It is better to go to Hangzhou for a meeting." was quickly rebutted: "Hangzhou is too prosperous and it is easy to expose the target." Wang Huiwu, Li Da's wife who was present at the time, said: "It is better to go to my hometown of Jiaxing for a meeting in Nanhu. "It's very close to Shanghai and easy to hide." Everyone agreed and thought this arrangement was appropriate.
In the early morning of the next day, the representatives took the train to Jiaxing in two batches and boarded the Nanhu boat that had been rented in advance. The First Congress of the Communist Party of China reopened and completed all remaining agenda on this boat.
The convening of the First Congress of the Communist Party of China was an important turning point in Chinese history. From then on, the Communist Party of China began to lead the Chinese people in the anti-imperialist and anti-feudal struggle, and finally won victory.
The First Congress of the Communist Party of China is the starting point of this long journey, and it is closely linked to the number "twenty-eight" . Although the number of representatives attending the meeting was not large, their average age was exactly 28 years old. This group of young people established the young Communist Party of China and made great contributions to the propaganda of Marxism and the early preparatory work of the party.
It took "28 years" from its establishment to victory.
In 1945, Japan surrendered, and the Chinese people won the victory in the 14-year-long Anti-Japanese War.
However, Chiang Kai-shek then brazenly launched a civil war. After the battles of Liaoshen and Huaihai, the Battle of Pingjin became the last key game for the Chinese Communist Party to win.
At that time, Fu Zuoyi served as the commander-in-chief of the "Suppression General" of the Kuomintang Army in North China. However, Fu Zuoyi and Chiang Kai-shek had different interests and different considerations for fighting in North China. When Chiang Kai-shek was close to defeat in the Northeast War, he believed that the Northeast was unprotected and North China was in danger. At the same time, the Huaihai War was also imminent. He considered abandoning Peking (today's Beijing), Tianjin and other places, and asked Fu Zuoyi to lead his troops to withdraw south. To ensure the Yangtze River defense line or strengthen the Huaihai battlefield. However, they were afraid of the negative political impact after withdrawing to the south, so they hesitated.
Chiang Kai-shek (middle), Fu Zuoyi (first from right)
Fu Zuoyi is a local powerful faction that has been active in the Suiyuan area for a long time. He is deeply afraid that after the southward retreat, his main force will be annexed by Chiang Kai-shek's direct descendants, so he is unwilling to withdraw southward. The other way was to flee westward to Suiyuan, but he was afraid that he would be alone and unable to survive after fleeing westward, so it was difficult to make up his mind.
Mao Zedong grasped these two psychology of Fu Zuoyi and decided to block these two retreat routes and besiege Fu Zuoyi.
After the liberation of Northeast China, Fu Zuoyi faced a joint attack from the Northeast and North China People's Liberation Army, and he was already frightened. Whether to withdraw or to defend, Chiang Kai-shek and Fu Zuoyi had their own plans, and their will to fight was not firm. Although their opinions were different, they all overestimated their own strength and underestimated the strength of our army.
Therefore, the Fu Zuoyi Group adopted the policy of temporarily sticking to Pingjin and ensuring Haikou to observe changes in the war situation.
After the Battle of Pingjin began, the People's Liberation Army first divided and surrounded Fu Zuoyi's group, cutting off its westward and southward retreat, turning this "frightened bird" into a "caged bird." Then, in accordance with the attack sequence established by Mao Zedong of attacking the two ends first and then hitting the middle, the enemies besieged in Xinbaoan, Zhangjiakou , Tianjin and other places were annihilated one by one, and Tianjin and Tanggu were liberated.
After Tianjin was liberated, the 250,000 enemy defenders in Peiping were in dire straits. In order to protect the ancient cultural city of Peiping, the Central Military Commission decided to negotiate with Fu Zuoyi for a peaceful takeover of Peiping.
In the end, Fu Zuoyi accepted the "Eight Peace Conditions" proposed by Mao Zedong and led his troops to accept peaceful adaptation.
Peaceful liberation of Peking and the People's Liberation Army entering the city
On January 31, 1949, the Battle of Pingjin ended successfully, the People's Liberation Army entered Beiping City, and Peking was declared to be peacefully liberated.
The liberation of Peiping laid an important foundation for the founding of New China.
More than a month later, on March 15, the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China moved from Xibaipo to Peiping, and the headquarters of the People's Liberation Army also moved to Peiping.
Before leaving, Mao Zedong said to the accompanying comrades in a humorous and meaningful way: "Today is the day to go to Beijing to rush for the exam. Let's go to Beijing to rush for the exam. We will never be like Li Zicheng. We all hope to get good results."
Zhou Enlai also Said: "We should pass the exam and not return."
Chairman Mao and Premier Zhou's words once again indicate that all comrades in the party must withstand the test of victory, and warn the entire party not to fall into "from hard work to corruption." "Cyclic Law of Destruction" in , its significance is so important and far-reaching.
More than six months later, the People's Republic of China was established on October 1, 1949, with Peiping as its capital and renamed Peking.
It was exactly 28 years from the founding of the Communist Party of China in 1921 to the founding of New China in 1949. The magical number "28" once again foreshadows history.
When the National Congress of the Communist Party of China was held in 1921, there were only more than 50 party members nationwide. In just 28 years, the Communist Party of China won the victory of the new democratic revolution and established a new China. Its rapid growth is inseparable from Chairman Mao's leadership.
When the young Mao Zedong gave himself the pen name "Twenty-eight Painters" , he would never have thought that this name would fit so neatly with the Chinese Communist Party and Chinese history in the future. History has once again proved that Mao Zedong is indeed China and the great leader of the Communist Party of China, and is destined to engrav his name on the trajectory of China's historical development.
