Among the 55 generals awarded the title in 1955, there are 4 ethnic minorities. Who are they? What ethnic group?
Before the founding of New China, many excellent senior commanders of ethnic minorities emerged in the 22-year history of our army's armed struggle, such as the famous commander of the Hui Muslim Detachment, the military strategist of Hui people, the important leader of the Northeast Anti-Japanese United Army, Zhou Baozhong, and the late rise of Korean senior general Zhao Nanqi.
Among the senior generals who were awarded the title in 1955, there were also many founding generals of ethnic minorities.
The top ten marshals are all Han nationality and there are no ethnic minorities.
Among the ten generals, the number one Su Yu general is Dong ethnic group .
During the National Day celebration in 1951, Mao Zedong asked Su Yu: "Are you a from Xiangxi, are you a Miao ?" During the war years, Su Yu repeatedly "dared to speak out" and put forward different views on some strategic decisions to Mao Zedong and Military Commission . Therefore, Mao Zedong felt that behind Su Yu's low-key and introverted personality, there was tenacity and stubbornness. He believed that this might be related to Su Yu's national character.
But Su Yu replied shyly: "Chairman, I am a Han nationality."
Until Su Yu's death, after repeated verification by the civil affairs department, General Su Yu was actually a Dong nationality!
In addition to Su Yu, among the 55 founding generals who were awarded the title in 1955, 4 were divided into different ethnic minorities. These ethnic groups are from the south and north. The northern ethnic minorities are from the Ulanhu, who is the Mongolian ; while the southern ethnic minorities have emerged from three founding generals, including Yang Zhicheng of the Dong ethnic group, Li Tao of the Yao ethnic group, and Zhuang ethnic group, and Wei Guoqing of the .
, let us take a look at the different scenery of the hometowns of these four founding generals and review their great achievements in the years of war.
Mongolian Ulanfu: The leader of the first national autonomous region and the hero in maintaining national unity.
Ulanfu is people in Tumote Left Banner. According to today's standards, he is considered a Hohhot native.
He was born in 1906, when it was still Qing Dynasty , but he began to explore the truth of saving the country and the people very early. At the age of 17, Ulanhu, who was studying in the Mongolian and Tibetan School in Peking, met Li Dazhao and began to embark on the revolutionary path. In 1925, Ulanhu joined the Communist Party of China. He is a veteran party member, and it is not too late to join the party even if he is placed among the top ten marshals.
Inner Mongolia where Ulanhu lives is an extremely complex area where class contradictions and ethnic contradictions are intertwined. On the one hand, the reactionary Mongolian princes and princes brutally exploit farmers and herdsmen. On the other hand, the Japanese stepped up collusion with the King of De of the Mongolian ruling class, trying to split Inner Mongolia.
At the critical moment, Ulanfu raised his arms and fired the first shot of the Inner Mongolian people's resistance to the Japanese invaders. He launched the Bailingmiao Uprising to resist the Japanese invaders and the Mongolian and traitor forces represented by King De and Li Shouxin.
During the Liberation War, Ulanfu served as the commander and political commissar of the Inner Mongolia Military Region, participated in the Liaoshen Campaign and the Pingjin Campaign and , and cooperated with the main force to liberate the vast Inner Mongolia region.
Ulanfu has made great contributions in liberating Inner Mongolia and maintaining the reunification of the motherland. He is a typical wise and brave man. He dared to go deep into the tiger's den and went to negotiate alone. Finally, he strived to join our party for the Mongolian forces; he had cooperated with Fu Zuoyi as early as the Anti-Japanese period and had a heart-to-heart relationship with each other, so he also played a major role in liberating Suiyuan and instigating Dong Qiwu's uprising.
If there were no Mongolian hero Ulanfu, the liberation of Inner Mongolia would not be so smooth!
So, although Ulanfu did not have the experience of leading a large army to fight, in 1955, he was awarded the rank of general and became one of the 55 founding generals.
Ulanfu served as Vice Premier of the State Council, Vice Chairman of the State and Vice Chairman of the Standing Committee of the National People's Congress in New China. He died of illness in Beijing on December 8, 1988 at the age of 82.
Yao nationality Li Tao: the most reliable adviser of the entire Military Commission.
From the perspective of appearance, Li Tao is gentle and elegant, wearing glasses, and looks like a teacher. In fact, Li Tao was a little educated person at that time. He studied in elementary and middle school. Although he did not continue his studies due to the revolution, his student career developed the good habit of thinking in the future.
Like Luo Ronghuan, He Changgong and others, Li Tao followed his Hunan fellow Mao Zedong to participate in the Autumn Harvest Uprising . The Red Army period, Li Tao's most classic record was that as the political commissar of the division, cooperated with the division commander Chen Bojun, and jointly led the Red 7th Division to participate in the Longgang battle, wiped out the enemy's 18th Division, and captured the division commander Zhang Huizan alive. This battle was written into his poems by Mao Zedong and was famous in history:
0,000 trees were red in the frost, and the sky was filled with rage. The fog filled the dragon hills and the mountains were dark, and they called each other in unison, and they caught Zhang Huizan in front of them. Two hundred thousand troops re-entered Jiangxi, and the wind and smoke rolled in half. It aroused millions of workers and peasants, working together, and the red flags under the Buzhou Mountains were in chaos.
During the War of Resistance Against Japanese Aggression, Li Tao did not appear in the direct battle with the Japanese invaders. He was sent by the central government to do united front work and served as Secretary-General of the Military Commission and Deputy Minister of the Operations Department.
When the Liberation War, Li Tao served as the Minister of the Operations Department and the First Director. The main work of the 1st Bureau is to be responsible for operations, intelligence, military affairs, military training, surveying and mapping, confidential translation, etc., including most of the work of the General Staff. In the early stage, he moved to northern Shaanxi with Mao Zedong and the Central Committee. The number of people was very small, with only about 20 people. He was Mao Zedong's most critical aide; during the three major battles of in the late period of the Liberation War, he became the most important assistant to Mao Zedong, Zhou Enlai, Zhu De and Ye Jianying.
In 1955, Li Tao was awarded the rank of general and became one of the 55 founding generals.
Li Tao served as Minister of the Technical Department of the Military Commission and Minister of the Third Department of the General Staff in New China. He died of illness in Guangzhou on December 20, 1970 at the age of 65.
Li Tao was born in Yanshou Yao Township, Rucheng County, Hunan Province. He is a typical Yao people.
Zhuang tribe Wei Guoqing: At the age of 16, he participated in the Baise Uprising led by Deng Xiaoping, and later grew up to be a strong general in Huaye and director of the General Political Department of the People's Liberation Army.
If you want to ask which ethnic minority in our country has the largest population, many people will definitely say it is Mongolian without thinking, but in fact you may not believe that the total population of Mongolia is about 6 million, which can only rank 10th in the country, while the total population of Zhuang is 17 million, which is more than twice that of Mongolian people. Therefore, the most populous ethnic minority in our country is the Zhuang people rather than the Mongolian people.
Wei Guoqing was born in Donglan County, northwest Guangxi. His father participated in the Great Revolution and served as vice president of the peasant association. Later, he was killed by the enemy. The young Wei Guoqing devoted himself to the revolutionary cause since then.
Wei Guoqing is younger than Ulanfu and Li Tao. He was born in 1913. In December 1929, Wei Guoqing, who was only 16 years old, participated in the Baise Uprising led by Deng Xiaoping, and later moved to the Central Soviet Area and participated in the Long March .
During the Anti-Japanese War, Wei Guoqing first belonged to the Eighth Route Army and then to the New Fourth Army, and was a "cross-border" cadre. During the Liberation War, Wei Guoqing became the commander and political commissar of the 2nd Column of the East China Field Army. He participated in the Chaoyangji Campaign, and also participated in the Subei Campaign, which killed Dai Zhiqi and the Lunan Campaign, which captured Ma Liwu alive.
In March 1948, Wei Guoqing was appointed as the commander of the Northern Jiangsu Corps. Later, he participated in the Huaihai Battle , blocking the retreat of the 4.3 million troops of Du Yuming. In February 1949, he served as the political commissar of the 10th Corps of the Third Field Army of (formerly Huaye), and then participated in the Crossing the River Battle , and participated in the battle to liberate Shanghai and Fujian.
In August 1949, Wei Guoqing became the first secretary of the Fuzhou Municipal Party Committee and mayor.
After the founding of New China, Wei Guoqing was in charge of Guangxi for a long time and became a parent official in his hometown. In 1977, Wei Guoqing was appointed as the director of the General Political Department of the People's Liberation Army, and later became Vice Chairman of the Standing Committee of the National People's Congress and Vice Chairman of the National Committee of the Chinese People's Political Consultative Conference.
On June 14, 1989, Wei Guoqing died of illness in Beijing at the age of 76.
Dong ethnic group Yang Zhicheng: The founding general who is not weaker than the "Three Yangs", and the leader of the logistics industry.
Yang Zhicheng doesn't seem to have a big reputation, unlike the three founding generals Yang Dezhi, Yang Chengwu and Yang Yong, who made great achievements on the battlefield, but in fact, Yang Zhicheng's contribution is not weaker than the three Yangs, because his main contribution is in logistics.
Our army has several capable people in logistics, including Gao Gang, Hong Xuezhi, Li Jukui and Zhou Chunquan and others. Yang Zhicheng is one of them. It is not easy to be a founding general in logistics. Li Jukui has such outstanding performance and did not become a founding general in 1955.
Yang Zhicheng, like General Su Yu, is both Dong ethnic group, but he is not from western Hunan, but from Sansui people in eastern Guizhou.
Yang Zhicheng's childhood life was quite difficult. He had never met his father. His father was killed before he was born. He was pulled by his mother with great pains. However, Yang Zhicheng's education is quite high. He graduated from the Provincial Agriculture School. The degree of this education should be considered at least a master's degree today.
Yang Zhicheng graduated from the fifth period of Huangpu . His reputation in this period seems to be inferior to the first period and fourth period, but in fact, many military and political strongmen have emerged, such as General Xu Guangda, General Zhang Zongxun and General Song Shilun . In addition, Tao Zhu, who served as a member of the Standing Committee of the Politburo in New China, also graduated from the fifth period of tide of treasury in the Kuomintang. Guo Rugui, Zheng Tingji and Qiu Xingxiang in the Kuomintang troops also graduated from the fifth period of treasury. Guo Rugui was the nail we placed in the Kuomintang International Department. The two generals Zheng and Qiu were later captured by the People's Liberation Army.
Yang Zhicheng participated in Nanchang Uprising and was a company-level cadre, just like Lin Biao. However, during the Red Army period, Yang Zhicheng fought on the logistics front until the Long March; Yang Zhicheng did not have much chance of performing in the War of Resistance Against Japan because he studied at the famous Fulongzhi Military Academy in the Soviet Union, and among his classmates were famous generals such as Liu Yalou and Lu Dongsheng . His journey to return to China was tortuous. Because of the Japanese blockade, he traveled to Ulaanbaatar, Mongolia, and even once relied on begging to survive.
When he returned to China, the country had already entered the Liberation War. He entered the Northeast Army led by Lin Biao to conduct logistics, and served as the political commissar of the Logistics Department and the military commander of the field army. Together with Chen Yun, Li Jukui, He Changgong, Lu Zhengcao and others, he became a solid rear for the troops to fight.
As a rare outstanding talent on the logistics front, Yang Zhicheng died young. He died of a heart attack in Beijing on February 3, 1967 at the age of 64.
