Zheng Chenggong uses Xiamen and Kinmen as anti-Qing bases, and goes north to attack Tong'an, Quanzhou , Fuqing and other places to expand their territory. Starting in 1653 (the seventh year of Yongli ), Zheng Chenggong basically occupied the coastal areas of southern Fujian in just one year, and the military development expanded rapidly, and the scale of troops expanded to 200,000 to 300,000.
1654 (the eighth year of Yongli), Zheng Chengyao regarded Yongli as the main story, changed the Simingzhou in the middle of Xiamen, and established the establishment of the government. In May of 1658 (the 15th year of Shunzhi in the Qing Dynasty, the 12th year of Yongli), in order to expand the results of the anti-Qing Dynasty, Zheng Chenggong led a large army north in Fuzhou, and the following year he captured Zhenjiang and surrounded Nanjing.
This should be the period when Zheng Chenggong was the most powerful before he took the stage. Siming Mansion became the center of the southeast anti-Qing Dynasty, and to a certain extent it was also the maritime trade center of mainland foreign trade.
Although Zheng Chenggong's territory does not even have half a province, he can rely on the continuous huge profits of sea trade to support an army of nearly 300,000. It should be noted that to maintain a 300,000 army, at least a few financial resources are required to be able to do it!
For this reason, Zheng Chenggong established a complex financial system to raise military expenses for his military activities.
First, most of its revenue comes from overseas trade, and the organization responsible for overseas trade is "5 Shang ".
1650 (the seventh year of Shunzhi and the fourth year of Yongli), after Zheng Chenggong seized Xiamen and Kinmen, he controlled China's overseas trade channels, and used this as a base to establish five merchants and organize domestic and overseas trade.
5 merchants are divided into two roads: mountain and sea. Shanwu Shang is located in Hangzhou and its vicinity, and is divided into gold shops, wood shops, water shops, fire shops, and earth shops. After receiving public funds, they purchase specialties from various places and send them to Xiamen. After handing over the goods to Haiwu Shang, they will then go to get the purchase payment.
Haiwushang is headquartered in Xiamen, and is divided into Renxing, Yixing, Lixing, Zhixing and Xinxing. Haiwushang is responsible for selling goods transported by Shanwushang to Xiamen overseas. Each row has 12 sea boats, usually sailing to Japan, Luzon , intersection, Siam , Cambodia , the Western Conference and other places for trade.
for Zheng Chenggong's trade activities, Dutch has related records in Nagasaki, Japan's " Renangzha City Log " and "Dutch Commercial Hall Log". The trade activities it operates cover Japan, Vietnam, Jiaozhi, Guangnan, Siam, Siam, Manila, Batavia, and other places, almost covering the entire East Asia and the South China Sea. It is an important financial source for Zheng Chenggong.
Zheng's rebel general once reported to the Qing court that Zeng Dinglao, a merchant affiliated with Shanwu Shang, and listed the data on the capital of each merchant who had obtained the capital of the country:
"1. On the 16th of the first lunar month of Shunzhi, Zeng Dinglao and others received 250,000 taels of silver for the pseudo-nation brother Zheng Zuo (i.e., Zheng Tai ), and went to Suzhou and Hangzhou to buy silk, silk, lake silk, , foreign goods, and handed all the goods to the pseudo-nation brother Zheng Zuo (i.e., Zheng Tai ), and went to Suzhou and Hangzhou to buy silk, silk, lake silk, , and foreign goods, and handed them all over the pseudo-nation brother.
2. On the third and fourth days of the fifth month of the 12th year of Shunzhi, Zeng Ding Lao received 50,000 taels of silver from his hand in the custody of the pseudo-national custody. The vendors in Japan paid back according to the calculations. On the 11th and 2nd day, Wu Yuhan received 100,000 taels of silver from his office, and every two days was paid for one cent and three cents per month. Within April of the 13th year, the silver, lake silk, satin and other goods were transported into the sea, and the mother's profit was converted into 60,000 taels of silver, and 40,000 taels of silver were left for the principal to provide assistance. "
0, Zeng Ding Lao received 250,000 taels of silver from Zheng Tai, and used as principal to buy goods from all over the country, which shows how much trade volume of the five merchants was.
In addition to the five merchants, the Zheng family also has the "East-West and West Ship" organization to engage in overseas trade activities. Yang Ying, who was once the official of Zheng Jing, wrote in his book "The Record of the Conquest": "In May of the 11th year of Yongli (Dingxi), the vassal lord stationed in Simingzhou (Xiamen), inspecting all matters of pursuing food and wages, manufacturing military weapons and foreign ships.In February of this year, the Sixth Censor Chang Shouning returned first after taking leave in Sandu. Pan Xingling calculated the resident officials Zheng Gongfu Cha, and the Yu Guo Treasury Zhang Hui, Limin Ku Lin Yi and others accounted for the principal and interest of the East and West Sea ships, righteousness, courtesy, wisdom, trustworthiness, gold, wood, water, fire, and earth. At that time, Lin Yi had already made a report to Pan Cun's case because Chen Lue had not delivered more than 10,000 yuan in a Western ship. Shouning said: "Lin Yimi earned this item and deceived him with Zhenghuguan. ’The secret Chen Benfan, but Pan had not seen the book, so he was also suspicious of it. However, the registration is a print that can be found. "
From the "Records of Conquest", we can see that first, the Eastern and Western ships have no unity between the five merchants; second, there are two "public treasurys" on the five merchants and the East and West ships. One is "Yu Guo Treasury", the supervisor is Zhang Hui, and the other is "Limin Kuaishou", and the supervisor is Lin Yi, and the principal and interest of Western ships are paid to the Limin Kuaishou; third, the income and expenditure of each warehouse must be listed daily to report to Zheng Chenggong. Zheng Chenggong reviewed it and marked it with a date and stamped it with a large seal; fourth, the household officials are directly in charge of each public treasury, traffic, and ship; fifth, the sixth inspector is responsible for inspecting household officials and all ships and ships.
Second, like his father, Zheng Chenggong not only directly dispatched personnel to engage in overseas trade, but also issued "authorization certificates" to coastal private merchant ships, which levy ship tax.
Zheng Chenggong once gave Takawa Qizaemon (Zheng Chenggong, the younger brother of his father and mother, did not return to China with his mother Takawa, but stayed in Japan.) In his letter,
, "Oriental ships should pay silver: the biggest one is 2,100 taels, and the smaller one is also pay five hundred taels; both have a fixed rule, and the anniversary will be changed. The merchant who issues the license must observe the size and size of the ship, and pay the silver and brothers as usual. Do not sell it for the sake of the shortcoming! If there is a command, the guards and local officials will check the situation. If there is a ship or cargo without a license, the ship will not be in charge, and the owner and the helmman will take it. This Wang Yunshi's ship was given an old card ten years ago. It has been disbanded by the local officials. I took my brother's name and made an exception and gave it a lenient agreement. However, the old card should not be shipped in the future. For fear that the ship will be moved away immediately and it will be difficult to recover. This is a big mistake! Be careful! I will return the new plaque I asked for and hand it over to Wang Yunshi. It would be like my brother's salary, and I will not be given to you again the next year! This note. The name has a positive picture. "
From Zheng Chenggong's letter, it can be seen that Zheng Chenggong charges ships to Japan ranging from 500-2100 taels of ship tax to merchant ships heading to Japan, and issues these ship licenses. Sometimes his younger brother in Japan needs to collect it.
3. Although the amount of trade income and ship tax revenue of the five merchants is huge, it is still slightly insufficient to support Zheng Chenggong's military expenditure on the southeast coast to fight against the Qing Dynasty all year round. For this reason, Zheng Chenggong also collected money from wealthy households and gentry on the southeast coast.
"Records of the Collection", 1654 (The 11th year of Shunzhi, the eighth year of Yongli) After recovering Zhangzhou , "Zhengzhong Zhenbo sent Zhangcheng to capture gentry and wealthy families to obtain wages. At that time, Zhangzhou officials had no official positions Qing Dynasty , but Zhang Mingjun was the only one who sent him to the Qing Dynasty."
The "guilty gentry" here refers to the gentry who served in the Qing Dynasty. Since they had betrayed Ming Dynasty , it would be harmless to let them pay some money for Zheng Chenggong's great cause. However, those who did not betray the Ming Dynasty employed the Qing Dynasty were not recruited. Because Zhangzhou had few officials in the Qing Dynasty, only Zhang Mingjun was recruited.
These officials who served in the Qing court often had huge sums of money, and Zheng Chenggong could collect a large amount of silver from these people every time.
"Records of the Conquest" records that when Zheng Chenggong was discussing peace with the Qing army, he sent people to Zhangzhou and Quanzhou to collect "lei help soldiers" and "starting from peace agreement, he sent "lei help soldiers to soldiers" to Zhangzhou and Quanzhou. He chased the local salary in southern Shanxi for 200,000, and entered the local area of Longyan for 200,000, and went to Hui'an, Xianyou and other places to collect 300,000. In that year, it was planned to send 1.080 million yuan in Zhangzhou and 750,000 yuan in Quanzhou. "
This time, I received more than 1.83 million taels of silver. At that time, the Qing Dynasty only needed 800 taels of silver to build a 10-meter-long bird ship. These silver was enough to build more than 200 bird ships, which were the main battleships of the Qingshui Division.
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