In the previous article, the author talked to you about a series of stories about the division changes between Henan Province and surrounding provinces in my country, such as Henan Province and Shandong Province, Henan Province and Anhui Province, etc. Today, we talk about Huaxian , Neihuangxian , Junxian in Henan Province. Seriously, these 3 counties were once part of Hebei Province. During the reign of Emperor Yongzheng of the Qing Dynasty , these three counties were placed under the management of Henan Province from Hebei Province. So, why were the three counties included in Henan Province? Today, we will talk about this issue.
First, let’s talk about the transportation methods in ancient society. In ancient history, due to limited technological level, when people transported mass goods, they basically chose land transportation or water transportation. Among them, water transport has a large transport volume and is safer. Therefore, any state capital that has the conditions to dig and open rivers will vigorously develop water transportation. In addition to the famous Beijing-Hangzhou Grand Canal, there are also some rivers in various places that can carry out inland navigation. At that time, the dependence on inland waterway shipping was very high, comparable to that of railway transportation today.
In the border area between Henan Province and Hebei Province, inland waterway shipping was once very convenient. Relying on several rivers such as the Zhanghe River and the Weihe River, it was convenient to transport various needed commodities. The zoning patterns of Hebei and Henan Provinces have gone through several stages before they were gradually formed. In 1279, after the Yuan Dynasty in the north gradually unified the country, its territory was unprecedentedly huge. Relying on the two-level divisions of prefectures and counties in the Tang and Song dynasties, it was impossible to effectively manage each region.
Under such circumstances, the Yuan Dynasty drew on the experience of the Jin Kingdom Xingzhongshu Tai and established a provincial system, dividing the country into 10 provinces, such as Liaoyang Province, Henan Jiangbei Province, Xingzhongshu Province and so on. At that time, Henan was basically under the administration of Henan Jiangbei Province, and the provincial capital was Kaifeng Prefecture. As for the special situations in various places in Hebei, they have been placed under the management of Xingzhongshu Province. After the founding of the Ming Dynasty in 1368, the provincial system of the Yuan Dynasty was inherited and improved and adjusted.
Since the Ming Dynasty had two capitals in the north and south, it gradually formed a divisional pattern of north and south Zhili and 13 provinces. Since the rule of the Ming Dynasty, the divisional outline of Henan Province has basically stabilized, and the current pattern has generally been formed. As for Hebei Province, it was called Beizhili at the time. Daming Prefecture is located in the southernmost part of Beizhili. During the Ming Dynasty, Daming Prefecture governed 10 counties and scattered states, namely: Kaizhou, Daming County , Yuancheng County , Nanle County. , Qingfeng County , Dongming County, Changyuan County , Neihuang County, Hua County, Wei County , Jun County. In terms of specific location, Daming Mansion is like an awl, inserted between Henan Province and Shandong Province.
In the middle of the 17th century, the Qing Dynasty eliminated the peasant rebel forces and various political regimes in various places, and gradually established its rule over the country. According to its own needs, the divisions of each province were adjusted, forming a divisional pattern of 18 provinces. On the basis of the original provinces of the Ming Dynasty, the Qing Dynasty modified and improved them and divided them into 18 provinces. The saying of 18 provinces in the Han Dynasty emerged. South Zhili was renamed Jiangnan Province , and later formed Anhui Province and Jiangsu Province. North Zhili was renamed Zhili Province , and the Qing Dynasty established the Governor of Zhili.
In the early days of the Qing Dynasty, the regional layout of Zhili Province did not change. Among the governors and governors in various places in the Qing Dynasty, Henan, Shandong, and Shanxi provinces were in special situations. Because other provinces have governors who are also in charge. Henan, Shandong, and Shanxi provinces only have governors and no governors. In 1722, the 45-year-old Emperor Yongzheng came to power. Emperor Yongzheng focused his main efforts internally. Policies have been launched successively, such as reforming the land and returning it to the locals , small farmers returning to the land, returning fire consumption to the public, and the rural gentry paying taxes and grain as one body, etc., which are helpful to reduce the pressure on ordinary people.
As we all know, Henan, Shandong and other provinces are major grain-producing and populous provinces. In Henan, Shandong and other places, they have played a very important role in implementing policies such as dividing the land into acres and allowing the gentry to pay taxes and grain.However, the implementation of these policies encountered opposition from local officials and gentry. Because Emperor Yongzheng sent his three most loyal confidants Tian Wenjing . Henan Tian Wenjing, Jiangnan Li Wei , Southwest Ertai , these three officials were among the three confidants of Emperor Yongzheng.
I have to say that Tian Wenjing’s work in Henan is very good. Emperor Yongzheng praised Tian Wenjing: " He tidied up the river work, kept the embankments, kept the river floods stable, and lived a prosperous life. He led his subordinates upright, and the place was peaceful. He did everything impartially and refused personal relationships. He was truly the first person to be a governor." "In order to commend Tian Wenjing and further implement the New Deal, Emperor Yongzheng specially approved Tian Wenjing to be the governor of Shandong, Henan and concurrently the governor of Beihe. This is a brand-new official position. At this time, Tian Wenjing was in charge of Henan and Shandong provinces, and also in charge of rivers.
At this stage, Tian Wenjing discovered a problem. Grain from various parts of Henan Province was basically transported to the capital by the Wei River. Starting from Weihui Prefecture in northern Henan Province, you need to pass through the three counties of Hua, Jun, and Neihuang in Daming Prefecture, Zhili. However, this section of the river has been in disrepair for a long time, and the embankments are in urgent need of repair, and the official cards are set up differently in different places. Because these three counties belong to Daming Prefecture, and Daming Prefecture belongs to Zhili Province. Tian Wenjing was repeatedly stimulated, and finally used his trump card, which was to "play a memorial to the emperor." The two prefectures of Zhangde and Weihui are under separate jurisdiction, and common affairs are unified without constraining each other...." Tian Wenjing's memorial was very long, and its general meaning was to request that Junxian, Huaxian, and Neixian under the jurisdiction of Daming Prefecture in Zhili Province Huang County was assigned to the management of Henan Province. Will Emperor Yongzheng agree to such a direct request?
It must be said that Emperor Yongzheng took great care of Tian Wenjing, his confidant. Subsequently, Emperor Yongzheng immediately approved Tian Wenjing's request. According to the historical records of the Qing Dynasty: "In the third year of Yongzheng's reign in , at the request of Wenjing of Futian in Henan, three counties were transferred to Henan, Neihuang was transferred to Zhangde, and Hua and Jun were transferred to Weihui. Our dynasty established the old system, which was governed by Zhizhi. The name was changed from Daming to Zhangde, Henan. After reviewing the situation and being able to give it a thumbs up, it is said to be perfect."
It can be seen from this that the three counties of Daming Prefecture in Zhili Province are indeed included in Weihui in Henan Province. Mansion, Zhangde Mansion management. So, why didn’t Zhili Province object to Tian Wenjing’s suggestion of “land grabbing”? Li Weijun, then the governor of Zhili, was implicated in the Nian Gengyao case, and his status was already "miserable," and he had no energy to oppose Tian Wenjing's suggestions. Therefore, Jun County, Hua County, and Neihuang County were placed under the management of Henan Province.
There are many more stories about the zoning adjustments in various regions of our country. The author will talk to you slowly in future articles.
