Why did Japan launch the "September 18 Incident"? Who made the non-resistance order?

Today is the 90th anniversary of the "September 18 Incident". Many people are using various methods to remind people of the "Day of National Disgrace".

However, many people do not understand why Japan dared to launch the "September 18 Incident"? At that time, the number of Japanese Kwantung Army was far inferior to that of Northeast Army !

This matter needs to be discussed and is worth discussing.

1. The background of Japan’s launch of "September 18"

Yoshida Shoin

Japan’s launch of September 18 is a question of morning and evening, which is like a wild The dog is thinking about a piece of meat from the east of the village. Although it is risky, sooner or later he will be unable to restrain it.

From the distant Meiji Restoration, the Japanese leader Yoshida Shoin has stated Japan’s grand strategy: takes Manchuria and pushes Russia; and North Korea, sees the country; takes South Continent, and attacks India . Words like

have long admired many so-called talents in Japan, and they have made this a lifelong goal.

Therefore, there was the Sino-Japanese War .

The Sino-Japanese War of 1894-1895 was the first step for the Japanese. They gained control of North Korea and Taiwan. If it weren't for ", the three countries would interfere with Liao ", then the Northeast would have fallen.

After the Russo-Japanese War , the Japanese gained a lot of rights and interests in the Northeast, the Japanese Kwantung Army began to enter the Northeast, and Japan began its layout in the Northeast: increasing the number of nationals in the Northeast,Promote economic trade in the Northeast.

Japan has been operating in Tohoku for many years, but under the influence of Tohoku king Zhang Zuolin , Japan has not been able to fully control the Tohoku, which makes the Japanese feel very uncomfortable.

Therefore, the view that "the Northeast should be completely occupied" spread widely in Japan's military and political circles.

In March 1927, Japan experienced a financial crisis, a large number of banks closed down, and the economy was sluggish.

Whenever there is a problem in the country, turning the people's attention outside is a common method used by politicians.

On March 20th, Yoshiichi Tanaka was ordered to form a cabinet. This person participated in the famous "Jiawu War" and is an absolute hawk. As soon as Tanaka came to power, various active policies of "aggression against China" were introduced.

The wolf’s ambition is clear. Tanaka held a meeting and proposed the occupation of the three provinces in Northeast China, and published the famous " Tanaka memorial": must first conquer Manchuria and Mongolia; if you want to conquer the world, you must first conquer China. ....

Yoshiichi Tanaka

For Tanaka's plan, there are a bunch of supporters, and the reasons are also varied.

said: “Japan has invested too much in Manchuria , sacrificed 100,000 lives and consumed 2 billion national currency. It is the right answer to receive Man Mongolia!”

said: “If you don’t control it Manchuria, Japan’s survival will be threatened.”

also said: “China and Manchuria are two countries, liberate the Manchurian people from China’s rule!”

said: “Japan is in The rights and interests of Manchuria were obtained from the Qing Dynasty, and have nothing to do with the current China!"

Next,Tanaka is ready to speed up.

The first step is to force Zhang Zuolin to sign the construction of the railway.

This is to prepare for Japan's next step. After the five railways are repaired, Japan can come and go like wind in the northeast, and it will also have a big impact on the Soviet Union. However, Zhang Zuolin "hands black" and is unwilling to sign an unfavorable agreement.

Based on this, the Japanese are about to start the second set of plans to clean up Zhang Zuolin.

It seems that this is the Kwantung Army's own idea, and even the personal behavior of Kawamoto's masterpiece. In fact, this is the result of opening one eye and closing one eye above, Tian Zhongxin knows well.

On June 4, 1928, Japan killed Zhang Zuolin at Huanggutun .

Zhang Zuolin

At that time, Heben masterpiece and others made a false impression, trying to blame the Kuomintang army in the south.

It is just that the cover-up method is too clumsy. The Japanese opposition party found out that the "Kwantung Army's desire to cover up" was discovered as soon as the investigation was conducted. Therefore, the Japanese people all knew that it was done by their own family.

At the end of 1928, Zhang Xueliang changed flag, indicating that he had followed Chiang Kai-shek . The Emperor of Japan and others believed that the "bombing of Zhang Zuolin" was too reckless and pushed the Northeast Army to Chiang Kai-shek.

Because of the assassination of Zhang Zuolin, the principal Daisaku Kawamoto was demoted. In July 1929, the Tanaka cabinet fell, and Prime Minister Tanaka took office for only one year and three months.

Next, the Japanese Kwantung Army continues to study: how to win the three northeastern provinces.

2. "September 18" broke out, and the three eastern provinces were easily acquired by the Japanese

Ishihara Waner

1930,Ishihara Waner, a senior staff officer of the Kwantung Army, and some of the backbone of the army, traveled to the northeast, and watched it all over the place from Nanman to Beiman.

They have no other purpose. They just want to learn more. If they go to war with the Northeast Army and the Soviet Union in the process of capturing the Northeast, how to deal with it?

After the tour, Ishihara Waner and others wrote a report "Research on the Rule of Occupied Territories".

In the report, Ishihara Wan'er divided the capture of the Northeast into three steps:

The first step is to use six months to one year to fight for the biggest win.

The second step is to occupy the entire northeast and use 50% of the fiscal revenue of the three northeastern provinces to support the Kwantung Army. This is to support war by war.

The third step is to start the construction of Tohoku. In addition to collecting local financial income, introducing Japanese businessmen, increasing Japanese immigrants, vigorously developing mining, and increasing manufacturing, the Tohoku has become an important mainland support point for Japan.

At this point, anyone who wants to say that Japan is a temporary sponsor of September 18th, then it should be pulled out and shot. People have planned for a long time, and the steps are very detailed.

To go to war, the first step is to create public opinion so that the international community feels that Japan is just.

In the summer of 1931, the first thing that could be manipulated appeared, was the famous " Wanbaoshan incident ".

This incident occurred in Changchun County, 30 kilometers northeast of Changchun. A traitor manager operated in violation of regulations and provoked conflicts between local Chinese farmers and 188 North Koreans who came to contract the land.

could solve the problem through good coordination, but the Japanese armed police participated in it, adding to the flames, causing the situation to expand and some people died.

The Japanese immediately began to launch public opinion offensives in Pyongyang, Seoul, , Incheon and other places to demonize the Chinese. As a result, there was a serious "anti-Chinese anti-Chinese" phenomenon on the Korean Peninsula. As a result, 119 overseas Chinese were killed and 395 wounded. , 82 people are missing.

Japan immediately launched an international public opinion offensive, claiming to the outside world that the Chinese government in Manchuria bullied the common people, excluded dissidents, and massacred North Koreans. It did a terrible job.

Immediately afterwards, Nakamura, a Japanese spy, was captured while operating in the Tohoku region and was finally executed. After the Japanese learned of this, they once again magnified the matter.

Two things have been publicized to increase their influence and prepare for the Japanese Kwantung Army to "walk for the sky".

At that time, Ishihara Waner directly said to the officers: It’s a good opportunity to send troops to the northeast!

With the fermentation of two things, the Japanese occupied a high point of public opinion and began to prepare a battle plan.

Originally, Ishihara Wanji and others planned to attack the Northeast Army's North Camp on September 28. However, there are still two opinions in Japan and in the military. The opponents are worried that it might affect the Japanese national movement and that the Soviet Union will take action.

Even if the Soviet Union does not make a move and the Northeast Army resists, it is not so easy to take it down. It seems that the consideration is justified, but the Northeast Army's persistence is highly regarded.

Worried about changes, Ishihara Waner, with the acquiescence of the Kwantung Army Commander with one eye closed, the plan was advanced to September 18th.

On the evening of September 18, an explosion occurred on the wicker lake railway. The rails were damaged and two sleepers were damaged. It seems that there are not many explosives, far inferior to the bombing of Zhang Zuolin.

The Japanese bombed their own railway, and then they found three Chinese and dressed them in the costumes of Chinese soldiers.Killed in the explosive railway. Meaning, the explosion was instigated by the Chinese.

This reason is too strange. Who does bad things and wears obvious clothes?

Then, a telegram arrived at the staff of the Kwantung Army in Japan: "Three or four companies in the Beidaying bombed the railway, and then fled back. The Kwantung Army chased the Beida camp and occupied a corner. Please support!"

What else is there to say? Started to support, ready to go to war.

Unexpectedly, at this time, the sergeants of the Peking University camp were roaring, but instead of going to war, they passed messages back and forth: "The above command is not allowed to act rashly, and is not allowed to fight back. Stand by!"

Who gave the non-resistance order?

3. Who gave the non-resistance order?

The orders of non-resistance were one after another. The soldiers of the Peking University Camp were completely confused. Is this waiting for the Japanese to fight? The poor Northeast soldier is completely in a state of "sit and wait to die."

Zhao Zhenfan, Chief of Staff of the Seventh Brigade, called the Northeast Army Chief of Staff Rongzhen and asked for war.

Rong Zhen insisted: no resistance, no movement, put the gun in the storeroom.

As a last resort, the Seventh Brigade had to withdraw eastward.

At 5:30 in the morning on September 19, the Japanese occupied the Beida camp, with only 500 troops, 2 killed and 22 injured. There were more than 340 casualties in the Northeast Army, most of whom died unarmed.

during the 19th day,The Japanese army easily occupied Shenyang and Dongdaying, took over the arsenal, and controlled the airport... According to statistics, in Shenyang alone, excluding others, the loss was as high as 262 aircraft, more than 2,600 various artillery pieces, 26 tanks, about 3,000 machine guns, and about 100,000 rifles.

Japan took Shenyang without much effort.

For a soldier, there is nothing worse than this.

The worst thing is that, under the arrangement of superiors, the Northeast Army gave up the Northeast and entered the customs as a group. The great Northeast was completely given to the Japanese. This is something later, so I won't mention it for the time being.

The question is, who is the non-resistance order? Is it Chiang Kai-shek or Zhang Xueliang?

In 1946, when the Anti-Japanese War ended, Zhang Xueliang's former confidential secretary gave a speech: On the night of September 18, Zhang Xueliang asked Chiang Kai-shek more than a dozen times, and finally got the only result, no resistance. And these messages still exist and cannot be denied.

This is an excuse for Zhang Xueliang. At that time, Zhang Xueliang was still under house arrest, so he could not respond.

Many years later, after Zhang Xueliang was free, he said to the media:

I thought the Japanese were pure military provocations, so I gave the order of non-resistance. I hope this matter can be resolved peacefully.

The facts show that I misjudged the situation. Up to now, many people say that it was an order issued by the central government at that time, but it is not. I cannot put the blame on the central government.

Subordinates said it was Chiang Kai-shek's non-resistance order, while Zhang Xueliang said it was his own order. Who can be trusted?

Based on a comprehensive comparison of various historical data, it was indeed Zhang Xueliang who gave the order of "non-resistance" on September 18, but Zhang Xueliang had been brainwashed time and time again by Chiang Kai-shek.

July 1931,After the Wanbaoshan incident, Chiang Kai-shek called: "...the officials and the people must work together to suppress the Japanese platoon movement, and they should bear their own weight and wait for the meeting."

The meaning of this is very obvious. Don't fight against the Japanese.

On August 16, 1931, Chiang Kai-shek telegraphed Zhang Xueliang: "No matter how the Japanese army seeks provocations in the Northeast, we should not resist and avoid conflict!" Attitude, that is non-resistance.

On September 6, 1931, Zhang Xueliang sent a telegram to the Chief of Staff Rongzhen and the Administrative Committee of the Three Northeastern Provinces:

"The Japanese diplomacy is becoming increasingly tight, coping with everything, and striving for stability. For the Japanese, in any case, we Be extremely forbearing and don’t resist, lest you cause trouble..."

On September 11, Chiang Kai-shek and Zhang Xueliang met in Shijiazhuang:

We are not strong enough to fight. I consider that only Guolian should be invited to preside over justice and resolve it peacefully.” A moment later, Chiang Kai-shek said again: “I will meet with you this time. The most important thing is to strictly order the entire Northeast army. Any attack by the Japanese army will not resist!"

Chiang Kai-shek repeatedly told Zhang Xueliang not to resist, and analyzed the situation over and over again to compare China and Japan. In this way, Zhang Xueliang has only one point of view: if you encounter Japanese provocations, you will not resist, etc. The League of Nations presides over justice!

So, at one o'clock in the morning on September 19th, Zhang Xueliang gave the order: Avoid conflict, do not resist, and don't let the situation expand, so as to avoid the tragedy of soldiers and spread to the whole country.

So did Chiang Kai-shek issue a non-resistance order on September 18?

No, Chiang Kai-shek was on board the "Yong Sui" warship going to Jiangxi. When the news came the first time, it was early in the morning, he was sleeping, and he did not give any instructions.

On the afternoon of September 19th, Chiang Kai-shek flew back to Nanjing and sent the first telegram, to the effect that the big things were made small and the small things were made small. Don't be too public to arouse public sentiment.

Chiang Kai-shek and Zhang Xueliang adopted non-resistance and put their hopes on the League of Nations. Unfortunately, the League of Nations was disappointing. One was that they did not speak for China completely, and the other was that the League of Nations had no choice but to take Japan.

At that point, how can the Japanese listen to the League of Nations?

The northeastern region was lost piece by piece, but Chiang Kai-shek and Zhang Xueliang still advocated non-resistance, and in the later period nearly 200,000 troops entered the pass.

The Japanese originally wanted to solve the Northeast issue in half a year to a year, but they did not expect to solve the problem in a few days. This made Japan completely inflated, and the Chinese were too weak. Therefore, they will have a comprehensive situation in 6 years. Invade China.

Zhang Xueliang regretted it in the later period, and the Northeast Army was also full of hatred for the Japanese, so there was the later " Xi'an Incident , forcing Jiang to resist Japan." This is the salvation of the September 18th Incident and a responsible attitude towards the Chinese people.

Ninety years have passed since September 18th, and the relevant big figures are all loess and have gone back, but the "shame" left on the page in Chinese history will be It will always exist and remind the Chinese: Don't forget the national shame! Don't forget the national shame! Excessive concessions and non-resistance can never be exchanged for peace!

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