Following Chiang Kai-shek's defeat, he fled to Taiwan. The commander-in-chief of the Kuomintang, who had been in charge of thousands of troops and held the supreme power of the Kuomintang for half a century, lived his whole life in Taiwan. In his later years, Chiang Kai-shek once admitted that he feared two people in his life, but there was only one person he could admire. Who are the three people who can be admired and feared by Chiang Kai-shek, who has countless opponents?
Chairman Mao, who is also an enemy and a friend
The first person who scared Chiang Kai-shek was Chairman Mao. To this day, both Chiang Kai-shek and Chairman Mao have left us. For their grievances and hatreds that sometimes cooperated and sometimes opposed, In their later years, the pair cherished each other's "enemy" who had fought for half their lives, and it is difficult for us to evaluate the friendship between the two of them.
Since the first national congress held in 1921, Chairman Mao, who became the secretary of the Hunan District Committee, has embarked on a completely different political path from Chiang Kai-shek since then. Two people with completely different family backgrounds and governance concepts have had irreconcilable political contradictions from the very beginning.
In the 20 years of struggle, Chairman Mao who was a Marxist finally won the hearts of the people, so as the loser, Chiang Kai-shek was afraid of Chairman Mao, which is quite normal.
, as two people with different purposes, are bound together because of different political purposes and because of the interweaving of political occasions.
At the time of land reform, the Kuomintang, which was once prosperous with the support of the United States, once represented China. However, under the leadership of Chiang Kai-shek, China was still oppressed by the big landlords and the big bourgeoisie, and the peasant workers lived in dire straits. But those senior officials of the Kuomintang who exploited the people, and some big bourgeoisie were drunk with money and even wantonly oppressed and killed workers, which was no different from the Qing Dynasty that was not overthrown.And this is also the reason why Chairman Mao, the leader of the Chinese Communist Party, who aims to eliminate all systems of oppression and exploitation on the land of China, can win.
Because of the needs of the revolution, Chairman Mao led the Chinese Soviet to withdraw from Yan'an temporarily. Chiang Kai-shek immediately settled in as a victor, but when he came to the place where Chairman Mao lived and looked at the pitted table where Chairman Mao was lying at his desk day and night, Chiang Kai-shek was silent. Because the place where any small official of the Kuomintang lives is several times better than here. It was hard for him to imagine how Chairman Mao could command a war that no one could match in such a place.
At that moment, he understood Chairman Mao, otherwise why would he say in his later years, "Mr. Mao is a great man, I have done bad things all my life, I am ashamed of the Chinese people, and I am ashamed of Mr. Mao."
Although the two were tit-for-tat, they joined hands in their later years because of their adherence to the "One China" principle. After the founding of the People's Republic of China, seeing that it was hopeless to take charge of China, the United States decided to govern by straying and split China. However, Chiang Kai-shek, who had always insisted on "don't forget Ju, restore the country from shame", put down his obsession with unifying China at this time, and severely rejected the insidious proposal of the United States.
In Chiang Kai-shek's memoirs, he wrote, "There are two foundations for the restoration of the country: in the international arena, the basis for legal status is the United Nations; in domestic affairs, Taiwan is the base for rejuvenation. would rather give up the United Nations." At this time, Chairman Mao also put aside the contradictions between the two parties and postponed the recovery of Taiwan. In 1960, he stated at the Standing Committee of the Political Bureau of the CPC Central Committee that "Taiwan would rather be in the hands of Chiang's father and son than in the hands of the Americans. , we can wait for Chiang Kai-shek, the task of liberating Taiwan does not have to be completed by our generation." And he gave Chiang Kai-shek a lot of support in the follow-up.
At this time, the two opposing parties joined hands again to resist the US conspiracy to split China. Even during his meeting with Nixon in 1972, Chairman Mao easily stated that Chiang Kai-shek was their mutual old friend, and that "our friendship with him is much longer than yours".
In 1975, Chiang Kai-shek passed away forever, and Chairman Mao was not happy when he learned the news of Chiang Kai-shek's death. Instead, he lit a cigarette and sat quietly for a long time without eating a single bite. Before that, the chairman had not smoked for many years.
Deng Yanda, confidant of life and death
Deng Yanda is not a well-known name, but he is the other person Chiang Kai-shek is most afraid of besides Chairman Mao. As Chiang Kai-shek's closest comrades-in-arms, they followed Mr. Sun Yat-sen together for the Revolution of 1911. In addition, Deng Yanda also followed Chiang Kai-shek in the Northern Expedition.
But Deng Yanda, who had such a close relationship with Chiang Kai-shek, why did Chiang Kai-shek feel afraid?
Unlike Chiang Kai-shek, Deng Yanda made steady progress in the revolutionary cause. And as a solid supporter of Sun Yat-sen, Deng Yanda is also the director of education at the Whampoa Military Academy. His prestige in the Whampoa Military Academy is second only to Chiang Kai-shek, and he has many supporters in the Kuomintang.
Following Chiang Kai-shek's rebellion against the "April 12" Incident, he became one of the biggest enemies of Chiang Kai-shek as a representative of the Three People's Principles and the working people after he became the buyout class of the big landlords.
But because the differences between Deng Yanda and Chiang Kai-shek were too serious, Deng Yanda decided to join other Kuomintangs to establish a revolutionary combat command organization that could represent the interests of the workers and peasants.
These actions made Deng Yanda ostracized by many people. Deng Yanda, who had no way to serve the country, had to leave his country and went into exile in Europe. But despite this, Deng Yanda, who was in a foreign country, did not give up the revolutionary struggle.He is always concerned about every move in the country, and together with Soong Ching Ling in Moscow issued a declaration of concentrating all forces against the warlords, and this move caused huge political impact.
After Deng Yanda returned to China in 1930, he presided over the establishment of the "Chinese Kuomintang Interim Action Committee" in Shanghai. Deng Yanda, who hated Chiang Kai-shek very much, wanted to overthrow Chiang Kai-shek's reactionary regime and continue Sun Yat-sen's revolutionary cause.
In order to overthrow Chiang Kai-shek's autocratic rule, he was active on the front line of politics and used the strength he had accumulated earlier to create the "Huangpu Revolutionary Alumni Association". And in this activity, Deng Yanda gathered more than 5,000 students from the Whampoa Military Academy to carry out anti-Chiang actions, and this kind of behavior put a lot of pressure on Chiang Kai-shek.
In 1931, the confrontation between Ning and Yue organized by Deng Yanda caused panic within the Kuomintang. This series of behaviors made Chiang Kai-shek extremely angry and scared, so in order to avoid future troubles, Chiang Kai-shek offered a reward of 300,000 to arrest Deng Yanda.
On August 17, 1931, Deng Yanda was arrested by Shanghai patrol for a traitor's whistleblower. On the 21st, Chiang Kai-shek sent people to escort Deng Yan to Nanjing, and during this period, Chiang Kai-shek sent people many times to persuade Deng Yanda to give up fighting against himself and give up his political ideas. Chiang Kai-shek promised that as long as Deng Yanda gave up these, whether it was money or power, he would have whatever he wanted, but he was immediately rejected by Deng Yanda.
I don't know if it was unbearable or for some reason, Chiang Kai-shek did not immediately execute Deng Yanda. After learning that Deng Yanda was arrested, many civilians and military officers pleaded with Chiang Kai-shek for many times, but they were ruthlessly dismissed. In order to better monopolize the power of the Kuomintang and enjoy the fruits left by Sun Yat-sen, Chiang Kai-shek decided to remove Deng Yanda and move on.On November 29, 1931, Deng Yanda was secretly killed in Shazigang outside Qilinmen, Nanjing.
In July 1933, Chiang Kai-shek was discussing political affairs with several senior officials of the Kuomintang. Suddenly, an officer asked, if Chairman Chiang died one day, who would be more appropriate to take over the military and political power of the Kuomintang? Once the extremely sensitive topic of
was raised, the atmosphere in the audience was instantly silent. Chiang Kai-shek was silent for a long time before he replied, "There is only one person who can take over my position within the Kuomintang, but he has already been shot by me." And that person was Deng Yanda.
The most humane Zhou Enlai
Regarding the relationship between Chiang Kai-shek and Zhou Enlai, Nixon described it as "like riding a pulley in the park, rising and falling from time to time".
After Chiang Kai-shek launched the "April 12 Counter-Revolutionary Coup", it was not only Deng Yanda who broke with Chiang Kai-shek. Zhou Enlai, who was greatly appreciated by Chiang Kai-shek in the past, also risked his life and chose a path that ran counter to Chiang Kai-shek. But the most respected person that Chiang Kai-shek exposed in his later years was Zhou Enlai.
In 1924, with the establishment of the Whampoa Military Academy, Chiang Kai-shek, the principal of the Whampoa Military Academy, was eager for talents. Therefore, Zhou Enlai, then chairman of the Guangdong Military Region of the Communist Party of China, entered the Whampoa Military Academy after obtaining the approval of the organization. He gave Chiang Kai-shek a lot of support at the Whampoa Military Academy, so Chiang Kai-shek at that time was very proud of having an assistant like Zhou Enlai.
Two years later, the powerful Chiang Kai-shek deliberately created the "Zhongshan Ship Incident" and arrested and imprisoned a large number of Communist Party members, including Zhou Enlai, who once assisted Chiang Kai-shek at the Whampoa Military Academy. Although Chiang Kai-shek later ordered his release, Zhou Enlai at this time had already clearly realized that Chiang Kai-shek, who was in power, was completely different from before, and he was no longer trustworthy, so Zhou Enlai never returned to work at the Whampoa Military Academy.
In 1926, with the Northern Expedition, the Kuomintang and the Communist Party came together again. Chiang Kai-shek's right-hand man recommended Zhou Enlai to Chiang Kai-shek many times. And Deng Yanda even more bluntly revealed to Chiang Kai-shek, "I really admire his planning and organizational skills. Undoubtedly, with him in the Northern Expedition, it will be even more powerful!" There is no second person in the world that can match. But it is precisely because of this that he is so careful, for fear that if he can't handle it well, he will attract a formidable enemy to himself.
Therefore, Chiang Kai-shek specially entertained Zhou Enlai and threw an olive branch to Zhou Enlai, "I regard all the communists who have worked with me, trained the army and fought wars together as confidants. I hope Brother Enlai can join me in the northern expedition. "
Chiang Kai-shek's remarks are full of intentions to win over, but Zhou Enlai politely refused to Chiang Kai-shek's invitation, "This matter can only be decided by the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China, and it is difficult for me to make a choice." The outbreak of Chiang Kai-shek was detained by Zhang Xueliang and Yang Hucheng in the city of Xi'an. But because the Japanese army was eyeing China at that time, although the Kuomintang was corrupt, at least Chiang Kai-shek was there, and the country would not be completely desperate. Therefore, for the sake of national justice, Zhou Enlai personally rushed to Xi'an to meet with Chiang Kai-shek to solve the Xi'an Incident smoothly.
Chiang Kai-shek, who returned to Nanjing, recalled Zhou Enlai, and sighed very much, "Zhou Enlai is a talent. There are too few talents like him in our party, and it is a pity that they cannot be used by me." Zhou Enlai was very important. At the West Lake in Hangzhou, Zhou Enlai and Chiang Kai-shek had a heart-to-heart talk, promoting the formation of the anti-Japanese national united front.
When Chiang Kai-shek was defeated and retreated to Taiwan, he was very worried that his ancestral tomb in the mainland would be destroyed, but if Zhou Enlai had not ordered it to be protected, Chiang Kai-shek would never have seen his ancestral tomb again. Therefore, despite standing on the opposite side of Chiang Kai-shek, it is not without reason that Zhou Enlai became the person Chiang Kai-shek admired the most.
Time flies, and great men are long gone. For Chiang Kai-shek, Zhou Enlai, Chairman Mao, and Deng Yanda were closely intertwined with his political career. Because of the tit-for-tat political stance, and because China is standing together, they are in a complicated era, and their mutual feelings cannot be summarized in shallow words. But probably when he looks back on his military career and recalls the various experiences he has experienced, Chiang Kai-shek should feel a lot of emotion.
