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Feeling education occupies an important position in the Montessori education system and has become a major part of her educational experiments. In her writings, there is a lot of space that specifically discusses the relationship and close connection between sensory training, sports training and intellectual development, as well as sensory education and discipline education, knowledge and skills cultivation.
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The importance of sensory education
She believes that the main purpose of sensory education is to train children's attention, comparison and judgment abilities to make children's sensibility more agile, accurate and concise. In her opinion, children in the preschool stage have particularly keen feelings and are in the sensitive period of various sensations. If they do not conduct sufficient sensory activities during this period, it will not only be difficult to make up for when they grow up, but will also damage their entire mental development. Therefore, it is very important to carry out sensory education everywhere in early childhood.
At the same time, she believes that the senses are the window of the soul. The senses are of primary importance to intellectual development, and sensory training is closely related to intellectual cultivation. In her opinion, the cultivation of intelligence first relies on feelings, uses feelings to collect facts and distinguish them. Sensory training is also a preliminary and basic intellectual activity. Through sensory training, children's impression of things is clear and pure. This itself is a kind of intelligent and cultural learning, and is the first step in intellectual development.
Furthermore, she also believes that a person's intelligence has a lot to do with education. Through sensory education, certain sensory defects that affect intellectual development can be discovered in the early stage, and measures can be taken to correct and improve them in a timely manner.
Montessori is based on the great emphasis on sensation, which makes sensory education play a very important role in the program teaching structure of movement, sensation, language and intellectual exercises proposed by her.
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. Montessori sensory education includes sensory training such as touch, vision, hearing, smell and taste.
Tactile training is to help young children identify whether objects are smooth or rough, distinguish the temperature of hot and cold, and distinguish the lightness, weight, size, thickness, length and shape of objects. She believes that since young children always recognize things around them through touch, tactile exercises are the main aspect of various sensory training. Visual training is to help children improve their visual perception, shape, color, size, height, length and different geometric shapes of identification measurements; auditory training mainly makes children accustomed to distinguishing and comparing the differences in sounds, so that they can cultivate initial aesthetic and appreciation abilities during the listening and sound training; olfactory and taste training focus on improving the sensitivity of children's smell and taste. Montessori hopes that through this sensory training, young children will become more sensitive observers, enhance and develop their general sensations, and put their various sensations in a more satisfying state of preparation to complete complex movements such as reading and writing.
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. Montessori's sensory education follows certain principles and methods.
(1), The implementation of sensory education should follow the principle of gradual progress.
should take muscle exercise as the basis of sensory training based on the characteristics of children during the sensitive period, and take the development of various sensory as the focus of education. At the same time, coherent steps and methods that are appropriate should be adopted according to the individual differences of children, so that sensory education should be linked to teaching activities such as reading, writing, and calculation, so that it can achieve a transition from simplicity to traditional.
(2), Sensory education should follow the principle of self-education.
It is recommended that children should learn according to their abilities and needs, so that children can make free choices, operate independently, and correct themselves through their interests, needs and abilities in their sensory training, and strive to grasp themselves and the environment.Therefore, a special "error check" system is installed in the teaching aids she designed, so that children can "self-educate" according to the teaching aids' hints during operation.
(3), she also enhances children's enthusiasm and initiative in activities by restricting the activities of sensory education instructors.
Montessori mainly adopts the method of providing teaching aids, arrange the order of teaching aid materials according to the principle of easy to difficult, and enable each teaching aid to train a special feeling of children. Through targeted and step-by-step repeated practice, children can enhance their ability to feel the special properties of objects, identify the changed objects they are exposed to, and enhance various perception abilities.
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(4), educate children through sensory and action training.
Montessori believes that in order to understand the object, the subject must act on the object, and to play the role of self-education, emphasizing that young children must be educated through sensory and action training, which is in line with the laws of human cognitive development and deserves praise. In addition, she also has certain originality and considerable educational value in the use of carefully designed teaching aids and methods for training. She organically connects sensory education with the teaching of reading, writing and calculation, pays attention to the use of hands and brain, mobilizes the coordination and coordination of various senses, so that children can naturally and unknowingly enter the initial stage of learning reading, writing and calculation according to their own development progress without psychological pressure. The practice is precise, with practical significance and reference value.
Furthermore, during the sensory training process, Montessori adopts a decomposition method to decompose the complex overall feeling into simple parts for training, so that children can use stimuli arranged in order to recognize things, which is also in line with the age characteristics and understanding rules of children. Of course, Montessori's sensory education still has some shortcomings and deficiencies. For example, although she emphasizes children's freedom of movement in sensory education, the programmatic teaching aids, materials and their more mechanical and rigid methods of use, as well as the self-education conducted simply using sensory teaching aids, have limited children's free activities to certain limits. These are not conducive to children's free creation and are also contrary to her proposition of "let children react freely" and "combining brain and physical activities". In addition, her "freedom" that only emphasizes young children and ignores the important role of instructors in sensory education is also more biased.
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Childhood Children's Language, a practitioner of high-quality childcare services, a cultivator of professional international teachers, and an advocate of scientific family raising!
Children's Innocence Childhood Language is a childcare center created by many infant and young teachers at home and abroad. It is committed to creating a professional environment suitable for development for infants and young children and supporting the healthy growth of their physical and mental health. Provide regular lectures for parents and disseminate scientific parenting concepts and methods. At the same time, this is also a teaching demonstration and teacher internship base, with the purpose of providing high-quality educational and teaching demonstration and teacher training to more community daycare. We have devoted ourselves to creating a multi-level and mature teacher training system, and we have particularly emphasized the practical work ability of teachers. Childhood Children's Language Since its establishment in September 2016, there are 4 physical kindergartens in Beijing, covering community childcare, corporate childcare, commercial physical childcare, and kindergarten childcare integrated models.
Children's Heart and Childhood Language Demonstration Day Care is a Montessori demonstration day care created by infant and young teachers. It is a demonstration day care of the AMS Montessori Association Teacher Certification Training Center and an AMS member school. The childlike child language demonstration day care adopts Montessori teaching, which is children-centered, respects children's nature and primitive power, and the environment is clean, safe, friendly and tolerant. No matter which class type, it has a sense of beauty, design and order. In the environment prepared by teachers, children choose their work independently, explore freely, and learn spontaneously.
Children's Innocence Childhood Language The goal of cultivating children is to cultivate the inside and the outside, and to cultivate the inside: cultivate children to become the best self, not only have a good cognitive level, but also have valuable non-intellectual qualities such as optimism, independence, self-confidence, studious, perseverance and problem-solving ability; exercising: cultivate children to become beneficial members of society, learn politeness, empathy, cooperation and behavioral norms, so that children can happily integrate into society, and become a positive social person.
