It is recommended that nurseries and kindergartens be included in the compulsory or public education system as much as possible
Song Kyuwu
At present, the country has 9-year compulsory public education, but infant and child education is not included in the compulsory education system. It is a defect. Doing a good job in infant education is not only a major livelihood project, but also the most basic project for building a modern and powerful country. For this reason, it is recommended that the state should try its best to incorporate nursery school and kindergarten education into the national compulsory education system. At the same time, the whole nursery school and kindergarten should be transformed into a public system; or if it is difficult to incorporate compulsory education as a whole, they can be transformed into a public system as a whole. And set a reasonable price; or vigorously develop public (or voluntary) nurseries and kindergartens, so that all children who are willing to go to public schools can go to school smoothly.
(1) The necessity of integrating the compulsory education system and the public system as a whole
1. If it is not included, it is easy to incur high fees. First, nurseries and kindergartens have strong geographical monopoly, and parents can only send them to the nearest place. Unlike children who go to college or middle school, they can be sent to schools thousands of miles away, and there is no regional monopoly. Second, nurseries and kindergartens have a large information asymmetry problem in management. Because the doll is small, the ability to distinguish right from wrong is weak, and the sense of self-protection is poor. They don't know how to protect themselves effectively. Once the child is hurt, the parents can't understand it effectively. Third, due to the characteristics of regional monopoly and information asymmetry, if it is not included in the compulsory education system and the public system, the nursery and kindergarten education is prone to high prices. If the government wants to impose restrictions on fees, when demand exceeds supply, parents may use underground forms to pay teachers and managers of nurseries and kindergartens, ultimately resulting in high fees.
2. It can provide children with a safer environment. Under the premise of compulsory education and public administration, because the manager’s job is fixed and the teacher’s job is also fixed, everyone has a stable income.If something goes wrong, it is easy to be held accountable, and managers and teachers are naturally more responsible. As for private nurseries and kindergartens, due to weak managerial fixedness and a large number of temporary hiring of teachers, the overall mobility of staff is large, and the income is not fixed, which easily leads to many problems in management. If the government wants to strengthen supervision, it will inevitably cost a lot of supervision.
3. From the perspective of government functions, infants and young children need more state care. As a person grows up, especially as he grows up, his own happiness should mainly depend on his own struggle and hard work. The government mainly provides him with equal and orderly competition opportunities. But in the juvenile stage, especially the young stage, the government is obliged to give more care. In addition, at present, when most of the children are still the only child, the little baby can't afford to hurt them even more, and the government and society need to establish a strong protection mechanism.
4. From the actual survey, according to relevant information, nursery schools and kindergartens, regardless of management or teaching quality, are generally better than private ones. In a prefecture-level city in Gansu, the author learned that children who want to go to the public sector need to be shaken. If they can’t be shaken up, they will only go to the private sector. More parents prefer to go to the public sector. In addition, judging from the problems that have occurred in nurseries and kindergartens in recent years, most of them are privately-run. Of course, publicly-run enterprises may have problems, but the overall probability of problems is lower than that of privately-run enterprises.
5. Nursery schools and kindergartens are publicly run and incorporated into the compulsory education system, which is also conducive to encouraging the birth of second children and making the country's second child policy more practical. At present, the state encourages young people to have a second child, but judging from the actual situation in the city, the effect is not satisfactory. The main reason is that the cost of parenting is too high, especially when the child is young, it is difficult to hire a nanny. In these years, sometimes it is difficult to hire a nanny at a high price. Sometimes I hire a nanny, and I don’t worry about the quality of the nanny. It’s very uneasy to leave the nanny alone to look after the children at home. Because in recent years, nanny abuse of children has happened from time to time. If you take care of your children yourself, work is inseparable. Therefore, if the country can solve the problem of nurseries and kindergartens, it will greatly reduce the pressure of young people to have a second child.
(2) How to implement
1. The source of compulsory education in nurseries and kindergartens,Local and central finances can each bear half. In addition, the state can transfer part of the university fees to nursery schools and kindergartens.
2. Carefully select nursery and kindergarten teachers. The quality of nursery and kindergarten teachers should be more demanding than middle school teachers and university teachers, especially moral quality, which must be checked. Teachers should be fixed for as long as possible, and should not hire social workers temporarily.
3. Nurseries and kindergartens should not be required to be large-scale, but small-scale schools can be run nearby for the convenience of the masses and children. We must adapt to local conditions. A small nursery or kindergarten can be run with ten or twenty children.
4. The school address should be chosen as quiet, safe and pollution-free or less polluted as possible. At the same time, the design of the inner yard of the kindergarten and the design and decoration of the classrooms must also meet the requirements of safety and environmental protection. Noise and pollution seriously affect the development of children.
5. It is recommended that the state encourage qualified units to run nurseries and kindergartens on their own. Because there are many advantages to having nurseries and kindergartens inside the unit. One is to facilitate safe transportation. Because in a unit, people often live and work in a large yard, with short pick-up and drop-off distances, fewer road crossings, and it's safer for children. The second reason is that within a unit is a society of acquaintances, and everyone knows more about each other, which also facilitates effective supervision and management.
Author: Professor of Gansu Provincial Party School (Gansu Administration Institute)
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