What is the cause of thyroid cancer Nowadays, many people suffer from thyroid disease , especially thyroid cancer. They are often confused, how do they get nail cancer?
1. Iodine and thyroid cancer
Iodine is an essential trace element for the human body. Iodine deficiency leads to a decrease in the synthesis of thyroid hormones and , an increase in the level of thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH), and stimulates the proliferation and hypertrophy of thyroid follicles, resulting in goiter and the appearance of thyroid hormones. , which increases the incidence of thyroid cancer, but opinions are still inconsistent. A high-iodine diet may increase the incidence of papillary thyroid cancer .
2. Radiation and thyroid cancer
Irradiation of thyroid gland of experimental mice can promote the occurrence of thyroid cancer in the animals. The cell nucleus will be deformed, thyroxine synthesis will be greatly reduced, leading to cancer; on the other hand, the thyroid gland will be destroyed. The inability to produce endocrine hormones, and the resulting large secretion of TSH can also promote thyroid cell cancer.
3. Thyroid Stimulating Hormone
Chronic stimulation is associated with thyroid cancer. Thyroid follicles are highly differentiated and have the functions of collecting iodine and synthesizing thyroglobulin . TSH also regulates the growth of thyroid follicular cells through the cAMP-mediated signaling pathway. Thyroid cancer may occur. Increased serum TSH levels can induce nodular goiter . Thyroid follicular carcinoma can be induced after stimulation with the mutagen and TSH. Moreover, clinical studies have shown that TSH inhibition therapy can induce thyroid follicular carcinoma in differentiation. It plays an important role in the treatment of thyroid cancer after surgery, but whether TSH stimulation is a causative factor in thyroid cancer remains to be confirmed.
4. The role of sex hormones and thyroid cancer
Since there are significantly more women than men in patients with well-differentiated thyroid cancer, the relationship between sex hormones and thyroid cancer has received attention. When clinically comparing the tumor size of well-differentiated thyroid cancer, it is found that usually Tumors in young people are larger than those in adults, and cervical lymph node metastasis or distant metastasis of thyroid cancer occurs earlier in young people than in adults, but the prognosis is better than that in adults. The incidence rate in women after the age of 10 increases significantly. It is possible that increased estrogen secretion is related to the occurrence of thyroid cancer in young people. Therefore, some people studied sex hormone receptors in thyroid cancer tissue and found that sex hormone receptors exist in thyroid tissue: estrogen receptors (ER) and progesterone receptor (PR), and ER in thyroid cancer tissue. However, the impact of sex hormones on thyroid cancer is still inconclusive.
5. Goiterogenic substances and thyroid cancer
Animal experiments have confirmed that long-term use of goiterogenic substances can induce thyroid cancer, and can also hinder the synthesis of thyroid hormones, increase TSH secretion, stimulate thyroid follicle hyperplasia, and may produce thyroid glands. New organisms, accompanied by diffuse enlargement of the thyroid gland, cause thyroid tumors .
