last issue talked about the life of Freud , and
this issue starts talking about his theory.
In 1895, he and Bloyle collaborated to publish the book "Study on Hysteria", aiming to treat patients with neurosis. In this book, the iceberg theory of human "consciousness, subconsciousness and preconsciousness" is proposed for the first time.
Iceberg Theory: People’s consciousness is divided into three parts:
Consciousness: We can be aware of ourselves and the outside world. For example: There is an apple here. I like apples very much. Apple helps increase vitamin C, apples are a great company, etc. This part of human psychological activities seems to be numerous and huge, but in fact they account for a very small proportion of human psychological activities, just like a corner of the exposed iceberg; because they can be observed and predicted, the danger is not great.
Subconscious : Compared with consciousness, the part that our mind cannot perceive. This part is very large in size and is hidden underwater, so it is not easy to be discovered. Once a problem occurs, it will be very serious (for example: Titanic );
The part between the two is preconscious , which is used to harmonize consciousness and subconsciousness.
Iceberg Model
After reading this theory and illustration, maybe, you will ask a few questions like me:
. Does Lao Fu feel that human nature is evil?
I think so.
Menzi proposed that human nature is good; Xunzi proposed that human nature is evil and needs to be governed by law, so he educated two apprentices: Han Feizi and Li Si . Two "extraordinary species" were produced in the cradle of Confucian , which was due to the positioning of human nature being evil.
Lao Fu must also think that human nature is evil. The human nature hidden under the iceberg is mostly primitive and immoral desires, and is more real, more indulgent and destructive human natures such as fear, violence, and selfishness. Therefore, the external preconsciousness is deliberately hidden and suppressed, and not revealed to the external consciousness. There is always constant war between consciousness and subconsciousness, which can lead to various problems, ranging from personal negation (lowerness, phobia, long-term regret, deep self-blame), the manifestation of violence (road rage, domestic violence), and even from anti-social and anti-human, which causes war.
is not just an introverted personality problem.
. So, are all subconscious minds negative?
Lao Fu may have thought so, but later generations have improved it (or directly said it was negative) along with his research methods. Personal experiences are unchanging, and how to view these experiences is the origin and motivation of human nature; two people who encounter the same experiences, one sinks and the other rises up. Is this a strange encounter? It depends on how people treat these encounters themselves. If it is regarded as a positive factor, then it is the positive subconscious; if it is regarded as a negative subconscious, it will take advantage of the situation and show its power. This is inferiority and compensation. This is the theory of Adler , and it is also the mainstream theory now.
Even if it is subconscious, it has the power of positive, positive, sunny and upward.
is also a person who loves and kills Lao Fu
. How does the subconscious mind come about?
1) is a genetic inheritance of various experiences through the accumulation and inheritance of millions of human beings, in order to survive, to live better, for themselves, and for everyone, in short, the genetic inheritance of various experiences. For example, a child is born with snakes, and he doesn't know it. When he sees a snake one day, he will naturally be afraid. If no one teaches him, he will naturally be able to do it. Of course, many of the spirits of courage, persistence, tenacity, being the first in the world, being brave to sacrifice and dedicate are inherited from the innate genes. Otherwise, why do we like heroes such as Yang Family General , Yue Fei , Qi Jiguang , etc. rather than negative characters.
Of course, if young people watch movies such as " Young and Dangerous " lack obvious views on right and wrong (at least compared with Jiao Yulu, Kong Fansen and others), indescribable, for those ignorant teenagers, passion-loyality is more likely to be revealed, and problems are more likely to occur and become bad teenagers. That's why there is an old saying: Don't read Water Margin or Don't read the Three Kingdoms.
is not temper, it is a disease
2) is a repression of bad experiences, and a reflection in a specific environment, such as social phobia. When I was a child, I might have encountered major failures in the process of social interaction, but it was not relieved and expressed well. I was suppressed in my heart, thus creating fear and disgust for interacting with others, and worrying about being rejected and insulted again, so I simply closed myself and developed and manifested as social fear.
There are people who are afraid of feathers. If you don’t really encounter them, you really don’t believe them....
. How were these subconscious minds discovered?
1) Through dreams, the pre-consciousness in the dream is relatively weak, and the subconsciousness often flies by itself. Grasp (aware) the details in the dream and ask a special person to interpret it and find his own crisis;
Infernal Affairs
2) Through subconsciousness, many subconscious actions are actions that do not think, and they also represent the real self without any disguise, such as subconscious actions (touching the nose when you are nervous, grabbing the corner of your clothes), erroneous words, erroneous words, etc.; many jokes are regarded as erroneous words and are ignored. In fact, it may be the most real attitude and emotion in it.
3) Through consulting institutions, professional psychologists will penetrate into your subconscious through free association, testing methods, hypnosis methods, etc., and find the origin of the problem for you. It is recommended to watch a movie called " Dr. Edward " by . Through the hypnosis of psychological experts, a murder-disguise replacement case is cracked, which reflects Freud's views and is a classic movie in psychology.
Hitchcock-"Doctor Edward"
. What is the connection with his id, self, and superego theory?
subconscious iceberg theory is Lao Fu's early research result; and after he was old, he published the three self theory:
self , follows the principle of happiness and does whatever he wants when he is out of line;
superego, follows moral principles and conforms to social cognition and norms;
self, regulates both and follows the principle of reality.
Personally believe that many sources of the id are subconscious, including positive parts (success, integrity, upwardness), and worrying parts (selfishness, fear, immoral desire); and the superego is closer to consciousness. Once you realize that these situations are immoral and not accepted and allowed by society, then the self/pre-consciousness will take action to adjust them immediately.
is well regulated, and is in peace, morality continues to upgrade, and the subconscious mind is suppressed and smoothed; if the
is failed to regulate, it will become a problem or even a disaster, such as social phobia, anorexia, depression, mania, hysteria, mental illness, etc., and consultation or even treatment is required immediately. This is the process of psychological problems and the origin of problem psychology.
Given a very realistic example:
When a man sees a beautiful woman, the primitive impulse in his subconscious must be possession. This is his self-centered self that wants to do whatever he wants.
But Super Ego immediately stood up: Big Brother, this is no longer a primitive society, you need to date first - then marriage - finally have it;
Self also comes out to be a peacemaker: Uncle, what you are most important now is your career, not to make a girlfriend. Besides, don’t you have a wife at home? Doing this does not comply with social morality and legal norms.
Just like that, in just one second, the psychological battles went back and forth, reason defeated emotions, and the self restrained the id with the superego.
Of course, if the self is too strong, the superego level and ability are shallow, and the impulse of the self cannot control the self-regulation will completely fail, and the mind will only have the idea of how to possess immediately. After morality is abandoned, it is probably not far away to violate the law and discipline.
Finally, the two structures of the id-superego-self, consciousness-subconscious-pre-consciousness. I personally think there is no particularly big difference between them, and there is no need to be serious about it. Instead, we should calm down and consider: What is in my subconscious now? Which of the ids has bad needs? How to sort out and restrain yourself, avoid danger, avoid impulsiveness, avoid confusion, and make yourself live healthier.
Next issue, let’s talk about why Lao Fu particularly emphasizes “sex”.
