When choosing a career, I often encounter such problems:
①I have a basic understanding of myself and my career, but I have no confidence in doing it well, and I have a kind of inferiority;
②I don't know what I want, lack the goal of work, and lack inner motivation.
Based on the research on these issues, Lunt et al. put forward the Social Cogntive Career Theory (SCCT Theory) in 1994, which is to clarify, when people choose to do something, what is the internal How the strengths and weaknesses of energy are generated, and how they are adjusted, explains the dynamics behind people's career choices.
This theory holds that our career choices are not only determined by our knowledge of self and career, but also by self-efficacy and outcome expectations. Improving self-efficacy and outcome expectations can effectively help us arouse professional interest and facilitate us to make appropriate choices.
SCCT Social Cognitive Career Theory
1. What is self-efficacy?
Self-efficacy refers to our inferences and judgments about whether we have the ability to complete a certain behavior, and the degree of confidence in whether we can use the skills we have to complete a certain job behavior.
For example, the old mother has always lived in the countryside and is not used to urban life. We thought it was normal to cross the zebra crossing and take the elevator. She thought it was too complicated, so she often said that she could not live in the city at all. life. This is where low self-efficacy manifests itself in this matter.
However, for some farm work in the countryside, for dealing with the relationship between neighbors, the mother has a very high sense of self-efficacy.
So self-efficacy is about what to do, not high or low in everything. Some people have a headache when it comes to studying.I feel that I am not born to read books; but when it comes to playing mobile games, I am exhausted, sleepless nights, sleepless nights, all night long, confidently overcome difficulties, and have a strong sense of self-efficacy.
When we choose a career, we are also affected by self-efficacy. For you, when you see writing work, you will scratch your head and feel that it is not your "dish", but when you see instrument operation work, you may show a strong interest.
2. What is the result expectation?
Result expectation is what kind of result we choose to do. If we don't have a clear result, or have no expectations, then the motivation to choose to do it is not strong; on the contrary, if we know the desired result, the inner motivation level will increase.
Let's look at so many growth communities in our mobile phone, we can think about it, what do we want from this community? If you just receive some information and relieve your knowledge anxiety, it is estimated that there will not be much gain in the end. If we can set the target results higher, for example, we can link people in 20 different fields, have in-depth exchanges, gain experience that is beneficial to current career development, or see more opportunities. In this way, our results are expected to increase our motivation to participate in community activities and communication.
3. Four factors affecting self-efficacy and outcome expectation
SCCT theory researchers found that our learning experience determines outcome expectation and self-efficacy, and learning experience comes from four aspects, These are achievement events, vicarious experiences, social encouragement, and emotional states. Starting from these four aspects, we can effectively improve self-efficacy and result expectations, and promote us to make choices.
(1) Achievement event: is the fulfilling thing you have done in your past experience. These achievement events,It's not necessarily an earth-shattering event, but it may also be that I learned to ride a bicycle and went out alone to do high-speed rail for the first time. Similar small things make me feel accomplished.
counseling, we focus on the low self-efficacy of the client, and look for similar achievements in the past life, which can enhance his inner energy and find the confidence to do things. For example, a retired comrade in arms is worried that he has been in an environment like the army for too long, cannot adapt to the new job after entering the society, and has no confidence in the future. I asked: "You joined the army at the age of 18, from a naive young student, into the melting pot of the army, step by step, grew into an excellent soldier, and won many awards. I am curious, how did you accomplish this? A change like that?" He began to tell his story of growing up, and his eyes gradually gained some confidence and determination. In the process of telling the story, his mental energy is boosted.
(2) Alternative experience: is the experience of others that can be learned from. People's time and energy are limited, and we can't touch everything in person. For some things, when we see the process of others doing it, we will learn some useful experiences from it, and make ourselves feel "I will do this too. can do". In the same way, we can also improve our self-efficacy .
For example, due to the epidemic in the past two years, I have not had the opportunity to travel abroad. So I usually pay attention to those travel bloggers in Toutiao, learn their foreign travel experience, and observe the pits they have actually stepped on. These alternative experiences formed by learning and watching their experiences have given me a high sense of self-efficacy about traveling abroad. I know how to not be fooled by the locals in the pyramids in Egypt and how to climb Kilimanjaro more easily in Africa . In
counseling, we also often enhance the psychological energy of the client by helping the client find alternative experiences of others. For example, "For the current matter, who is more successful among the people around you? What do you think are the differences between you and him in terms of abilities and resources?".
looking for alternative experiences,It must be compared to people around the same level. If the target of starting a business is a rich man like Jack Ma , we will see no hope and no reference value.
(3) Social encouragement: refers to encouragement and recognition from important others or authority figures. Such as parents, relatives, friends, mentors, etc. Whether at work or in life, we are often full of negative evaluations of ourselves, unable to accept our own shortcomings, and always feel that we earn less money than others, live in a house that is not as big as others, and drive a car that is not as good as others. Even children are not as obedient as others, and so on. Therefore, from a psychological point of view, we all hope to obtain the affirmation and recognition of the outside world, and to obtain the encouragement and support from the outside world.
In the process of communicating with people, we had better give them positive feedback. Criticism, accusation, or behavior that directly points to shortcomings has no effect. Even if the other person is thankful for your outspokenness, there is still resistance and no change at all.
career counselors always look at clients from the perspective of resources, guide them out of negative thinking, and give them more encouragement and support.
(4) Emotional state : Refers to the common emotional response to stressful challenges. For example, in to Resist U.S. Aggression and Aid Korea, in the face of the enemy's superior firepower, the volunteer soldiers were in high spirits in the face of the enemy's provocation and harm, inspiring a strong patriotic spirit, showing a strong will to fight, and a great sense of self-efficacy. big boost.
At work, a task that you may not dare to accept at ordinary times is likely to mobilize your inner emotions in the competition with other colleagues and readily accept the challenge.
4. Inspiration brought to us by SCCT theory
①In the experiment,Find a position that suits you. Our self-efficacy comes from learning experiences, and experimentation and exploration add to our learning experiences. In an era of rapid change, new things are emerging one after another. We should remain curious, embrace change, and have the courage to explore, instead of resting on our laurels and refusing to change.
We need to understand that sometimes we are not interested in a field, maybe because we don't know it, we just see a name, and we don't know anything about the content of work, the environment of work, and the way of work. . Therefore, we need to broaden our horizons, look at the external world more, and learn more about different occupations in order to find a proper self-positioning.
②The result of the attempt remains open. Trying is a learning process, which allows us to test the choices we make with practical actions, instead of getting into a long-term needless tangle. Instead of staying in the same place all day long, it is better to choose a direction and try it. Regardless of the destination, the scenery along the way can also be a valuable asset. Try if it doesn't work, we can quickly choose other options. Keep an open mind about the results, and in debugging and validation, find the right options.
③By enhancing self-efficacy, it promotes making choices. In the eyes of consultants, people have the ability to solve their own problems, but these abilities at the moment may be troubled by various emotions. We can use exception questions, miracle questions, and evaluative questions to help them find their own successful experiences, see alternative experiences, get encouragement and empowerment, improve emotional states, link internal resources, and make rational choices.
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