Since ancient times, there has been a saying on the march that a general will not accept the emperor's orders when he is away. This means that the generals fighting on the front line have the right to choose not to accept some unreasonable orders from the emperor.
After all, the importance of war to a country is self-evident. There are many examples of a country being destroyed in a battle, such as the battle between Ran Min and Qian Yan, and the battle of Feishui. The winner of foreign battles is largely an information gap that knows oneself and the enemy, so the generals who command the army on the front line definitely have the most and most comprehensive information. However, the decisions made by the ruling group far away in the DPRK with incomplete information are often inaccurate.
Therefore, the best way is for the court to issue a rough plan, and the military generals will formulate and implement the plan on how to implement it. Just like the Northern Expedition in the early Ming Dynasty, Zhu Yuanzhang only formulated the general route of the Northern Expedition, and Xu decided how to fight it. Da , , Chang Yuchun, and Li Wenzhong are managed by others. A negative example is the failure of the Kuomintang. A large part of the reason was that the top officials did not know the soldiers and interfered and directed blindly, resulting in millions of elite troops falling like leaves in the autumn wind. There is also Sun Quan in the Romance of the Three Kingdoms. He is also a monarch who does not know much about military command. He often raises 100,000 troops for the Northern Expedition, but is often wiped out by Cao Wei generals with only a few thousand men. He also gives blind orders and gets killed. Taishi Ci (official history should have died of illness) and other famous generals.
Historically, there have been many cases in which famous generals fell and even countries were almost destroyed because the ruling class did not understand the situation on the front line and only talked about war on paper and blindly interfered in front line operations. In fact, it is not just the ruling class. Even the commander-in-chief of one party may not have a better understanding of the situation on the local battlefield than the generals responsible for specific operations. Next, we will talk about the six famous generals who were tricked to death by blind orders from the upper class.
Zhang He
1, Zhang He
As the five good generals of Cao Wei, he was the only remaining big figure in Cao Rui's era. He was also a rare commander-level good general in Cao Rui's era. Zhang He used military tactics skillfully, was brave and strategic, and was famous for his clever changes. He can be regarded as the fifth son. Among the good generals, he is second only to Zhang Liao.
Zhang He participated in quelling the Yellow Turban Rebellion in his early years, and was later taken under Yuan Shao's account. Because of his outstanding military exploits in the battle between Yuan Shao and Gongsun Zan for supremacy in Hebei, he became one of Yuan Shao's main generals. After the Battle of Guandu , perhaps keenly feeling the gap between Yuan Shao and Cao Cao, so he led his troops to surrender to Cao Cao. Cao Cao attached great importance to this general and immediately praised him, saying that he was like Han Xin returning to the Han Dynasty.
Zhang He defeated Mumen
Zhang He then followed Cao Cao in the north and south, and made great achievements many times, and then assisted Xiahou Yuan to guard Hanzhong. After Hanzhong was lost, Zhang He went south to defeat Wu, and then followed Cao Zhen to guard the Western Front, and in his final A classic battle was to capture Jieting. Ma Di was stationed on the steep mountain, while Zhang He cut off the water source of the Shu army, causing Ma Su to collapse without a fight. He defeated Ma Su without a bloody blow and defended the strategic location of Jieting. He successfully repelled Zhuge Liang's most well-prepared First Northern Expedition and became famous.
231, during Zhuge Liang's fourth Northern Expedition, Cao Rui originally sent Zhang He to meet the attack, but considering that Zhang He might not be able to command Guo Huai, Fei Yao and others, Cao Rui sent Sima Yi as the commander-in-chief, but he did not expect that this would cost a generation of famous generals. Zhang He, Sima Yi and Zhuge Liang are not generals after all, they are just politicians. One of the characteristics of the two of them when marching and fighting is that they are cautious, so Sima Yi leads the troops by standing firm and not fighting. As a famous general who is good at seizing opportunities, Zhang He has many opinions with Sima Yi There is a disagreement. Later, Zhuge Liang's attack was unfavorable and he retreated. Sima Yi ignored Zhang He's objection and forced him to pursue him. As a result, Zhang He was ambushed at the wooden gate and died on the battlefield.
Therefore, part of the reason for Zhang He's death was that Cao Rui changed his commander before the battle, and the more important reason was that Sima Yi commanded blindly and did not listen to advice.
2, Ge Shuhan
The famous Tang general Ge Shuhan, Qiuci , a Turkic survivor.He was a late-blooming famous general. According to records, Ge Shuhan only joined the army in his forties, but with his business in Qinghai and his repeated military exploits, he quickly became one of the famous generals.
Ge Shuhan
Ge Shuhan gained most of his glory in Qinghai. Li Bai, Gao Shi, Du Fu and other famous poets have written poems for him, especially Li Bai once wrote a poem: You can't imitate Ge Shu, wandering Qinghai at night with a knife, and slaughtering stone fortresses in the west to get purple robes. This leads to the most classic battle in Ge Shuhan's life, the Battle of Stone Castle.
Ge Shuhan has been fighting with Tubo in Qinghai all year round. In order to completely drive Tubo out of Qinghai, he decided to capture Tubo's Qinghai Foundation Stone Fort. The Tang army attacked the stone fort many times, but because of the long distance, the Tang army's repeated attacks failed. In 749, Ge Shuhan led 100,000 herdsmen to attack thousands of miles, and sent generals Gao Xiuyan and Zhang Shouyu to attack. In less than ten days, they captured the Stone Castle and completely suppressed Tubo in southern Qinghai.
Brother Shu Han came out of Qinghai
But such a famous general who was rampant in Qinghai was deceived and ruined in his later years. In the last years of Tianbao , Anlu Mountain rose in Hebei, setting off the Anshi Rebellion. Anlu Mountain was unstoppable all the way, and many places in Hebei fell into disgrace. Soon they defeated the Yellow River , captured Luoyang , and then saw that To advance into Guanzhong, there were no generals available in the DPRK at this time, so Emperor Xuanzong of the Tang Dynasty reused the already sick Ge Shuhan.
Ge Shuhan guarded Tongguan . Facing Anlushan's army, he knew that Anlushan's troops were in great strength and was unwilling to fight head-on. He decided to stick to Tongguan and wait for Anlushan's morale to be low and the army rations to be low before counterattacking. . However, Yang Guozhong advised the old and dim Tang Xuanzong, saying that the Tang Dynasty was the king of kings, and not taking the initiative would be showing weakness. So the court decided to force Ge Shuhan to switch to fight. As for the result, it was obvious that the Tang army was fighting in the field. They were defeated miserably by An Lushan's army, and Tongguan was subsequently captured. Ge Shuhan was captured and later died in the hands of An Qingxu . The death of
brother Shu Han directly led to the fall of Chang'an , and the main reason for the fiasco at Tongguan was the blind intervention of Tang Xuanzong and Yang Guozhong.
3, Zhou Dewei
Zhou Dewei, the famous general of the Later Tang Dynasty, can basically be regarded as one of the most powerful military generals under Li Keyong with both wisdom and bravery. He is basically as powerful as Li Cunshen and Li Cunxu . Zhou Dewei followed Li Keyong very early. Later, because of his extraordinary strength displayed in the southern and northern campaigns, he rose up the ranks in the army and gradually became a general who could stand alone under Jin King Li Ke.
Zhou Dewei
The battle where Zhou Dewei became famous was the Battle of Luzhou that determined the historical direction of the early Five Dynasties. As we all know, Li Keyong and his son were generals who reappeared in battle. They were good at uniting the army in combat, but they were far inferior to Zhu Wen in terms of strategy and political talent. In this way, Li Keyong had an absolute advantage at the beginning and was later oppressed by Zhu Wen in Hedong. He was surrounded by enemies on all sides and was in danger of collapse at any time. Zhu Wen's army could already compete with Li Keyong's army in Yuncheng and Changzhi in southern Shanxi. Zhou Dewei and Li Sizhao later captured the important town of Luzhou, and then ushered in the counterattack of Zhu and Wen's army. Li Sizhao firmly defended Luzhou City, and Zhou Dewei rushed to support him. He used the mobility of cavalry on the periphery and defeated Liang Jun repeatedly, making great contributions to the defense of Luzhou.
The battle where Zhou Dewei became famous all over the world was the watershed in Liang and Jin's struggle for hegemony, the battle of Baixiang. Zhou Dewei and Li Cunxu used ingenious strategies to lure the enemy deep, defeated Liang Jun's main force Wang Jingren in one fell swoop, and almost annihilated Liang Jun. Later, Zhou Dewei also made great achievements in the battle to capture Youzhou and destroy Jieyan.
The fall of Zhou Dewei has a lot to do with Li Cunxu. The biggest feature of Li Cunxu's military use is that it is radical and extremely impactful.Li Cunxu showed his own characteristics in the key battle of Huliupi after Li Cunxu destroyed and Liang . Li Cunxu must take advantage of Liang Jun's unstable foothold to launch an attack, while Zhou Dewei believed that Liang Jun had Kaifeng as its back and had no way to retreat. Retreating means fighting to the death, and as we have just marched here, our combat effectiveness and morale are very strong. Attacking at this time will cause great losses. You should take advantage of Liang Jun's unstable footing, send small groups of troops to harass from time to time, and then hold on. When the opponent's morale declines and there is insufficient food and grass, then launch a fierce attack. This battle will be won.
Battle of Huliupi
However, Li Cunxu did not accept Zhou Dewei's establishment, but led his army to launch an attack, but encountered great resistance. Zhou Dewei had no choice but to lead his army to follow Li Cunxu. As Zhou Dewei had foreseen, this battle encountered the stubborn resistance of the Hou Liang army. Although Li Cunxu defeated the Hou Liang army with difficulty, he was unable to annihilate the main force of the Hou Liang army. On the way back, the Hou Liang army encountered the Jin army's baggage troops, and the baggage troops were He dared to fight with the Liang army, so he fled in a panic and just happened to rush into Zhou Dewei's Youzhou army. In an instant, the Youzhou army scattered and fled, and the Hou Liang army also pursued it. Zhou Dewei could not control the army and trampled on each other, and finally died tragically in In chaos.
Zhou Dewei's death was largely caused by Li Cunxu's insistence on going his own way, not taking suggestions, and forcibly launching a decisive battle against Houliang.
4, Zhongshizhong
Zhongshizhong, and his elder brother Zhongshidao were both famous generals in the late Northern Song Dynasty. Zhongshizhong was different from his elder brother. Zhongshidao was more inclined to be handsome, while Zhongshizhong was more inclined to be handsome. Generals. Zhong Shizhong guarded the northwest in his early years. In 1125, after the Jin Kingdom pacified various resistance forces in the homeland of the Liao Kingdom, it began to launch a war against the Northern Song Dynasty.
The division was defeated in Taiyuan.
In this year, the Jin army divided into two groups and went south. One group went directly to Bianliang , and the other group mainly attacked Taiyuan. Li Gang presided over the defense of Tokyo and ordered all the armies in the world to serve the king. Then Zhong Shizhong and his brother led the army to serve the king. Facing the continuous arrival of Song troops, the Jin troops subsequently retreated.
However, the siege of Taiyuan had not yet been resolved. Zhong Shizhong was ordered to go north to relieve the siege. Faced with the situation at that time, Zhong Shizhong formulated a strategy to surprise the enemy and launch a sneak attack around the side of the enemy. However, because this move seemed quite risky, the Northern Song Dynasty court Rejected.
This gave Jin Army coach Wanyan Zonghan time. He used the "City Locking Method" to build heavy fortifications to surround Taiyuan, cutting off the connection between inside and outside the city. After Zhong Shidao arrived, he could only choose to fight with Jin. The army fought bloody battles, Zhong Shi Dao passed through the border and beheaded the generals, and the army won more and lost less along the way. Then they confronted the Jin army. However, after several battles with the Jin army, the Song army knew that it had few troops and could not fight the main force of the Jin army, so it withdrew in the mountains. However, the Song army did not think so. The lieutenant general was afraid of the enemy and was timid. The war Yaogu general Jiao Anjie lied about the military situation, which led to the imperial court's blind confidence and ordered Zhongshi to launch an attack.
However, the troops in the planting division were short of food, and were later trapped in areas with insufficient water sources. Their morale was low. After many soldiers fled, only a small number of troops in the planting division were left to resist tenaciously, and eventually died in a fierce battle. The defeat in Zhongshi was basically due to the incompetence of the Northern Song Dynasty court. It was unable to make correct decisions and gave blind orders, which directly led to the fall of the last famous general of the Northern Song Dynasty, which was quite a bit self-conscious.
5, Zhang Fu
Zhang Fu, The son of Zhang Yu, one of the strongest generals under Zhu Di, Zhang Fu participated in the Jingnan Campaign with his father in his early years, and later followed Zhu Neng in the southern expedition to Annan. After Zhu Neng died of illness during the journey, Zhang Fu took over as the coach, annihilating the Hu Dynasty of Annan in one fell swoop, and pacifying Annan. After the fall of the Tang Dynasty, Jiaozhi became independent for more than 400 years, and now it has been included in the territory. .
After Zhang Fu died in the Tumu Fort
, Zhang Fu presided over the second expedition to Annan, and then followed Zhu Di to the northern grasslands many times. He made great military exploits and was named the Duke of the country. During the Xuanzong period of the Ming Dynasty, he participated in the battle against Zhu Gaoxu and made meritorious service again. Although Zhang Fu was born into a noble family, he was quite talented and could be regarded as the number one general in the world from the middle and late Yongle period to the early Ming Yingzong period.
However, the death of Zhang Fu was very embarrassing. At the end of Ming Yingzong's first reign, the eunuch Wang Zhen controlled the government. Under the repeated provocations of Oala, he hastily incited Ming Yingzong to go on a personal expedition, and then made blind maneuvers during the march, which led to The army circled twice in the northwest of Shanxi and then withdrew. On the way, he was chased by the Ora cavalry, and when he withdrew to Tumubao, Wang Zhen did not lead the army into the city, but camped in the wild. As a result, Ming Dynasty hundreds of thousands of elites were slaughtered by the Ora cavalry, and Ming Yingzong was captured. The famous general Zhang Fu who accompanied the army on the expedition could only accompany the invincible Ming Dynasty because he had no control over the army. He was killed by the Oara army in Tumubao.
Sun Chuanting died on the battlefield
6, Sun Chuanting
There is a saying in the late Ming Dynasty about a famous general, that is, "the death of Sun Chuanting, the death of the Ming Dynasty." This is the evaluation of some later generations of scholars and ordinary people about Sun Chuanting, a super-famous general in the late Ming Dynasty. Sun Chuanting was originally a civil servant, but because of his family background, he was also proficient in martial arts, and could shoot bows and arrows left and right.
At the end of the Ming Dynasty, peasant uprisings were raging all over the country, with and Hou Jin from outside continuing to exert pressure. Sun Chuanting felt deeply that the country was in danger, so he decisively joined the army and later organized a powerful army to fight against the rebels. After repeated battles and victories, the most glorious moment was when captured Gao Yingxiang, the first king of Chuang, in the Battle of Heishui Valley. eliminated fifteen groups of rebels, stabilized the situation in Shaanxi, and almost wiped out the peasant uprising army.
However, later because of King Qin's resistance to the Qing Dynasty and conflicts with other ministers, he was suspected by Chongzhen. Sun Chuanting was imprisoned for three years. Thousands of people could hardly accomplish anything against Li Zicheng's hundreds of thousands of troops. Even though they later trained in Shaanxi and had tens of thousands of troops, they still could not be compared with Li Zicheng's army.
Sun Chuanting defeated Tongguan
Under this situation, the impatient and suspicious Emperor Chongzhen did not know the reason and forced Sun Chuanting to send troops. After Sun Chuanting won the victory, he encountered a heavy rain in Henan, which had been in drought for several years, resulting in the failure of military vehicles. Advancing and having no logistics support, Li Zicheng sent troops to cut off Sun Chuanting's food and grass. Sun Chuanting was defeated successively in Jiaxian and Ruzhou, and later retreated to Tongguan with his remaining troops, where he eventually died in the battle.
Sun Chuanting originally had an army of nearly 100,000, and with the military training going on, if he held on to Tongguan first and Xu Tu advanced, he would naturally have a chance to revive the glory of the Ming Dynasty army. Unfortunately, the impatient Emperor Chongzhen took advantage of it and forced his way out of Tongguan to suppress the bandits. , ended in a disastrous defeat. After Sun Chuanting died, the death knell of the Ming Dynasty also sounded.
