A photo reveals the 1955 title: marshal 12, general 15, neither prime minister nor lesser!
The Ten Great Marshals
The candidates for the top two ranks of marshals and generals in 1955 have been one of the hot topics of discussion among military fans for many years. Although the top ten marshals and ten generals were finally awarded the ranks, what was the process like? What kind of plans have you had before? Although there are many articles for analysis and anatomy, most of them are speculation and guesswork, with little historical basis, and there are many military literature and legend interpretations, which makes the ins and outs of the conferment even more confusing.
But we have seen a document from that era. It was drafted by Peng Dehuai and Luo Ronghuan, who were in charge of the awarding work, and submitted to the central government for approval.
This is a document drafted with a brush, apparently circulated by others, because there are circles and dots drawn by leaders such as Mao Zedong and Liu Shaoqi, and there are also words from Ye Jianying asking not to be a marshal. The publication of this document has revealed many unknown details about the award.
Peng Dehuai and Luo Ronghuan submitted the Central Authorization Document
In this document, there are two lists, one for marshals and one for generals.
The lists of the two documents are expressed in different forms. The list of marshals does not specifically list the names of the personnel, but only generally states " 1. Marshal: Everyone agrees that the current chairman of the Military Commission and members of the Military Commission are ".
The list of generals is clearly listed, there are 15 people in total: Su Yu, Xu Haidong, Huang Kecheng, Chen Geng, Tan Zheng, Xiao Jinguang, Zhang Yunyi, Luo Ruiqing, Wang Shusheng, Zhang Zongxun, Song Renqiong, Xu Guangda, Xiao Ke, Wang Zhen and Zhou Chunquan .
Next, we briefly analyze the two lists.
Ten generals
12 marshal candidates
Obviously,According to Peng Dehuai and Luo Ronghuan's plan, there are 12 marshals of the Republic, and these 12 people are the chairman and members of the re-established Central Military Commission the previous year (1954).
The reason for the re-establishment is that after the founding of New China, the newly established People's Revolutionary Military Commission of the Central People's Government became the country's highest military leadership organ, and the Central Military Commission, which was affiliated to the party, was cancelled; and On September 28, 1954, according to the "Resolution on the Establishment of the Party's Military Commission" made by the Political Bureau of the CPC Central Committee, it was decided to establish the Party's Central Military Commission.
And in this newly established Central Military Commission, Chairman Mao Zedong, 11 members are: Zhu De, Peng Dehuai, Lin Biao, Liu Bocheng, He Long, Chen Yi , Deng Xiaoping, Luo Ronghuan, Xu Xiangqian, Nie Rongzhen and Ye Jianying.
Obviously, according to this document, the 12 marshals should be: Mao Zedong, Zhu De, Peng Dehuai, Lin Biao, Liu Bocheng, He Long, Chen Yi, Deng Xiaoping, Luo Ronghuan, Xu Xiangqian, Nie Rongzhen, and Ye Jianying -- please note that here In this document, only " Marshal" is mentioned, and there is no mention of Mao Zedong's " Marshal" military rank.
Zhu De and Mao Zedong
Deng Xiaoping was not awarded the title due to his transfer to the locality, while Chen Yi was awarded the rank of marshal due to Zhou Enlai's insistence
Among the 12 candidates for marshal, except Mao Zedong, Deng Xiaoping ranked first among 11 candidates 7. After Chen Yi and before Luo Ronghuan, that is to say, if there is no accident, Deng Xiaoping will be the 7th Marshal.
Let's take a look at the ranking of these 11 people. Except for Deng Xiaoping, the ranking of the remaining 10 people is exactly the same as that of the ten later marshals. This is no coincidence!
In fact,The reason why Deng Xiaoping finally passed the rank of marshal was because he had already transferred to the locality, and he was only a nominalist in the military commission, and his main energy was the secretary-general of the central government at that time.
In a similar situation, Chen Yi was the vice premier of the State Council, but due to Zhou Enlai's insistence, Chen Yi was finally awarded the rank of marshal. Zhou Enlai's insistence is right. Chen Yi made outstanding contributions to the Nanchang Uprising. He is one of the three giants in Jinggangshan and a representative of the Red Army guerrillas, the New Fourth Army and Huaye in the eight southern provinces. If the top military officer is not on the list, the representation of others is not enough.
Su Yu, Deng Xiaoping, Liu Bocheng, Chen Yi and Tan Zhenlin
15 general candidates
In the list of candidates for the 15 general rank, both the personnel and the ranking are the same as the 10 generals who were later awarded the title There is a big difference. First of all, from the ranking of the 15 candidates, we can see that Su Yu, Xu Haidong, Huang Kecheng, Chen Geng, Tan Zheng, Xiao Jinguang, Zhang Yunyi, Luo Ruiqing, Wang Shusheng, Zhang Zongxun, Song Renqiong, Xu Guangda, Xiao Ke, Wang Zhen and Zhou Chunquan_ strong20strong, Zhang Zongxun and Song Renqiong ranked ahead of Xu Guangda, who was finally selected.
In fact, Zhang Zongxun, Song Renqiong, Xiao Ke, Wang Zhen and Zhou Chunquan were not awarded the rank of general in the end.
A full one-third of the candidates were not approved. What the heck is going on?
Xu Haidong, He Long, Xie Juezai, Luo Ronghuan, Xiao Ke, Guan Xiangying, Luo Ruiqing, Yang Shangkun and Xiao Jinguang
5 senior generals who regretfully missed out on the rank of general
Those who were originally selected for the list of generals but missed out in the end? Few people were originally qualified, especially Zhang Zongxun, Wang Zhen, Xiao Ke and others.
Zhang Zongxun is Peng Dehuai's deputy and the deputy commander of Xiye. If Zhang Zongxun had performed better in the Datong- Jining Battle ,Generals are very promising; Wang Zhen is the famous brigade commander of the 359th Brigade, the hero of liberation of the northwest of China, and the main force in Xinjiang. When Xu Guangda resigned the rank of general, he proposed that Wang Zhen replace him; and Xiao Ke His qualifications are older. He is the commander of the Red 6 Army Corps, the commander-in-chief of the Red 2 Front Army and the deputy commander of the 120th Division of the Eighth Route Army.
It's a pity that none of these three generals have obtained the rank of general, and Song Renqiong's qualifications are also general enough, but he is a political cadre. He is the third-in-command of the Red 4 Front Army. Xu Xiangqian's status was not as good as him at that time. He was the first to enter the Politburo among the 55 generals who were awarded the title in 1955.
Liu Shaoqi and Zhou Enlai
Explanation
The conferring of titles is a arduous and complicated task. There have been many proposals and proposals. This article is only one of them. Others are not mentioned here, especially Mao Zedong. The rank of general marshal, because of his high profile, this was originally the highest rank of the general marshal of the Republic was finally vacant.
It can also be seen from this document that there is no such thing as a commander-in-chief by Su Yu. Therefore, the legend of Marshal Su Yuci Rang should be the literary processing and artistic interpretation of military literature.
Finally, let me explain the military ranks of Liu Shaoqi and Zhou Enlai. If Zhou Enlai participated in the awarding of titles, he would definitely be a marshal, and his military merit was greater than that of Deng Xiaoping; and Liu Shaoqi was different. He served as the political commissar of the New Fourth Army, led the reconstruction of the New Fourth Army together with Chen Yi, and also served as the chairman of the Military Commission for a long time, but his military contribution was not great. Not prominent enough. There are two proofs here. The first is that in the "Five Secretaries", Zhou Enlai and Zhu De are in charge of the military, and Liu Shaoqi's work is not directly related to the military. No. 2, but Liu Shaoqi didn't even make it into the list of 36 people.
Deng Xiaoping and Zhou Enlai
.
