导语：As an ancient civilization with a long history, our country has also bred a profound urban culture. Unlike the West, the West is a city-state country as its origin, while ancient China is a feudal system, and the West takes city-states as its origin. Unit, China takes the country as the unit. But China also has its own cities, with a long history and profound connotations, which have an important influence on current urban construction. For example, Luoyang City, as the ancient capital of the thirteen dynasties, has experienced two social forms from the early Shang and Zhou period of the slave society to the establishment and development of feudal society. Therefore, the construction of Luoyang City is extremely inclusive. Luoyang City also basically laid the foundation for the internal construction pattern of ancient capitals, the principle of division of plates, etc., which can be said to be the construction template of most ancient capitals. How did the construction of Luoyang City itself and its influence on the construction of the capital city of later dynasties, as well as the part of Chinese traditional culture contained in urban construction, be reflected?
1. The development and prosperity of Luoyang city
Luoyang city has a history of more than a thousand years in the history of nearly five thousand years. It has hosted 13 dynasties and lived in more than 100 people. The emperor can be said to be one of the capitals with the greatest contribution among all the capitals, and it is also the ancient capital with the longest history of the capital. Each dynasty changes the name of the capital in order to adapt to the politics and culture of the dynasty. Therefore, Luoyang City may have one of the most capitals in the history. During the Eastern Zhou Dynasty, Luoyang City was called Luoyi and was the capital of the Eastern Zhou Dynasty for hundreds of years.
However, everyone knows that King Zhou Ping moved the capital and settled Luoyi as the capital, but they did not know that Luoyang was actually the capital of the country during the Western Zhou Dynasty. After Zhou Wuwang destroyed the Shang Dynasty, he established the capital of Gaojing on the east bank of the Fenghe River. However, during the reign of Zhou Chengwang, a brand-new city was established in Henan. It was called Luoyi and the capital of the Zhou Dynasty. What happened? What?
Gaojing Restoration Figure
Gaojing is the capital of the Western Zhou Dynasty without any criticism. It was built by Jifa, the founder of the Zhou Dynasty, the emperor of the Zhou Dynasty. It is orthodox and is regarded as Zongzhou, which is the most important thing. Luoyi is regarded as the auxiliary capital, and it is the companion capital. However, even if it was the capital, it still played a huge role. He and Gao Jing complemented each other and worked together for the rule of the Western Zhou Dynasty.
One of the needed functions of Luoyi is for residents of Yin Shang. When King Zhou Wu destroyed Queen Shang Zhou, Shang State still retained a very strong power. In order to protect the stability and security of the Zhou Dynasty, it was necessary to control the power of Shang State. And Luoyi is one of the main cities of Hojing, the capital of the arch guard. At that time, it mainly played a military function, conquering the Dongyi for King Zhou Cheng, and quelling the Sanjian Rebellion. These wars played a role as a military center. The stability of the Zhou Dynasty made a great contribution.
Zhou Chengwang portrait
At that time, Luoyi had already started a reasonable urban planning in order to manage the remnants of the Yin and Shang dynasties. It is impossible to live in Luoyi as a whole. Most of the survivors of the Yin and Shang Dynasties are the people of the Zhou Dynasty. Only in this way can the management of the Shang Dynasty be better realized. During the Zhou Dynasty, Luoyang City already had a clear and clear urban division and layout. The city planning in this period played a role in laying the foundation for the later generations of the country that made Luoyang City its capital.
and the development and perfection of Luoyang City during the Sui and Tang Dynasties. After the capital was moved to Luoyang City from Emperor Yang of Sui Dynasty, Luoyang City became the center of the country again after being destroyed in the wars of the Southern and Northern Dynasties. Moreover, Emperor Sui Yang’s construction of Luoyang City this time was a huge cost. The construction of civil engineering, like the construction of the Beijing-Hangzhou Grand Canal, consumed huge manpower, financial resources and material resources at the time, causing the people to complain, but to the later generations. It had a huge positive impact.
Sui Yang Emperor Portrait
Sui Yang Emperor took into account the geographical location, military strategic position, natural conditions, politics and other historical factors of Chang'an, and then he established Luoyang as the capital. In ten months, a more prosperous Luoyang city was built. The division of Luoyang City symbolizes that the construction of the capital is in a mature stage, and most of the capital cities in later generations will follow the construction of Luoyang City. During the construction of Chang'an, the main city of the Tang Dynasty, some adjustments were made to Chang'an City in accordance with the urban planning and design of Luoyang City.In fact, Luoyang City continued to develop as the companion capital of the Tang Dynasty.
Luoyang City, which began construction in the Sui Dynasty, is divided into three major parts, one is the Palace City, the other is the Imperial City, and the third is the Outer Guocheng. The city is divided into two cities, one hundred and three squares. Relying on the natural Luoshui River, Luoyang City is divided into two parts: the north and the south. The royal city is located in the north of Luoyang City, facing the south. It is also the main administrative district and the place where the royal family lives. The south is the residential area, and the streets are basically divided into rectangles. The block shape, cross streets, convenient travel, can reach almost all places.
Sui and Tang Luoyang City Planning Drawing
The Luoyang City in the Sui Dynasty basically laid the basic pattern of the capital city of the subsequent dynasties, but the construction of Luoyang City in the Sui Dynasty was influenced by the Three Kingdoms Wei Due to the influence of the urban planning of the capital city of Luoyang, Luoyang City has undergone major changes during the Cao Wei period. A single palace system was established, which laid the foundation for the establishment of a capital city for later generations. The Sui Dynasty also continued to develop on this basis. of. Therefore, the planning, layout, and construction of Luoyang City in each dynasty are the templates for the internal construction and division of the sections of the city.
2. Impact on the construction of the capital city for later generations
Take the Tang Dynasty, which is the closest to the Sui Dynasty, as the capital of Luoyang City, but as the companion capital, the capital was moved back to Chang'an City. The city has undergone a certain degree of reconstruction. Taking a closer look at the construction of Chang'an City, the two cities, the east and the west, and 108 squares, are also the three major parts. The rectangular residential area and the cross streets are exactly the same as Luoyang City. From this we can see the overall layout and planning of Luoyang City. The construction of the capital has had much impact. In the Sui and Tang Dynasties, one of the countries most affected by the Tang Dynasty, Japan, was also affected by the urban planning and layout of Luoyang City.
Tang Dynasty Chang’an City Planning Map
Japan’s most admired is the Tang Dynasty. It is also one of the countries that came to pay tribute during the Tang Dynasty. Therefore, in the construction of the country’s capital, Most of them learned from the construction of the capital of the Tang Dynasty. In the Tang Dynasty, there were two capitals, one Chang'an City and the other Luoyang City. Therefore, Japan divided the capital of Kyoto into Ukyo Chang'an and Zuojing Luoyang. Later, Ukyo was gradually desolate due to poor management, geographical location, and population. As the only capital, it has also become the only political center of Japan after the Meiji Restoration.
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No matter the layout of Kyoto, the division of plates, even the style, color, height of the buildings, they strictly imitate Luoyang City, which can be said to be another Luoyang City. . In the Song Dynasty, Luoyang was still one of the four major cities in the Northern Song Dynasty. However, the construction of Tokyo City after the Song Dynasty retained the basic layout of Luoyang City and Chang'an City. However, due to the breaking of the time and space restrictions of the municipal system, the Lifang system was changed. For the street system. The division of blocks and the division of residential areas are no longer so strict, but the overall planning still retains the style of Luoyang City to a large extent, including the planning and construction of the Ming and Qing Dynasties. Some characteristics of Luoyang City can be seen from it.
3. The origin of Chinese civilization
Luoyang City has a history of more than 1,000 years, but Luoyang City has a history of more than 1,000 years. Luoyang City became the capital city from the Xia, Shang and Zhou dynasties, and became the economic, political and cultural center. Until the Song Dynasty, the history of Luoyang as the capital of the thirteen dynasties ended, but the history as an ancient big city has not yet ended, and has continued to the present. Therefore, it can be seen that Luoyang City has appeared since the emergence of a unified political power in China. It has basically accompanied the development of the entire ancient Chinese history. Therefore, Luoyang City has a very important position in ancient Chinese history. It is not an exaggeration to say that it is one of the origins of Chinese civilization.
Luoyang City Ruins of the Han Dynasty
First of all, the origin of Chinese civilization is in Henan, and Heluo culture is known as the ancestor of humanity in Chinese civilization , You can see its importance. In addition, the great Taoist school was also founded in Luoyang, the first Buddhism introducedA big city has also become the first capital to promote Confucian culture. Dong Zhongshu dismissed hundreds of schools and respected Confucianism, which established the status of Confucianism as the mainstream thought in society after Han Dynasty. Confucianism, as one of the most influential parts of traditional Chinese culture, is perfectly built in Luoyang City It was reflected in it.
董仲舒写真
Eastern Han Dynasty until the end of the Eastern Han Dynasty, the separation of the Three Kingdoms, the layout of Luoyang City, the overall planning and the construction of landmark buildings, etc., all made full use of Confucianism thought. For example, you can see a large number of Mingtang, Biyong, etc. in the city of Luoyang in the Eastern Han Dynasty. These are considered to be the symbols of the capital of the Eastern Han Dynasty, reflecting the integration of politics and culture in the Eastern Han Dynasty, and are also the Eastern Han Dynasty's Confucian thoughts of ethics and education. And cultural recognition and admiration.
Summary : Luoyang City, maybe just an ordinary capital in the long history, but the history is longer than that of other dynasties. However, Luoyang City is a city that carries the origin of Chinese civilization. It is a city that showcases ancient urban planning, layout and other construction wisdom. It is a city that has had a profound impact on subsequent dynasties and even tributary countries. This is why Luoyang City is still a respected and protected ancient city today. And the ancient city of Luoyang City has undergone continuous adjustments in many dynasties. The city layout, design and construction have shown unique charm. It is an inclusive and universal capital construction template. It has very research value, aesthetic value and Appreciate the value. Compared with other capitals, its more historical heritage is the precipitation of its historical culture. If you want to better carry forward the Chinese traditional culture and spirit, you can feel that it is contained in these solid buildings. Historical connotation.
