In China, the hat that men are most afraid of wearing is "green hat". Because only when the man's wife "the red apricot goes out of the wall" will he be called wearing a green hat. For example, in Ye Shaoweng's "A Garden Is Not Worth": "The spring is full of gardens, and a red apricot comes out of the wall." The "red apricot out of the wall" has been regarded as women wearing green hats to men for thousands of years "Allusions.
This is because the word "green hat" has an ambiguous cultural color in the Chinese cultural atmosphere. However, the term "green hat" does not refer to it from the very beginning-the wife of a man has fornication with other men, but a reference to the low-level people who wore a headscarf in ancient times, and then followed the headscarf in the whole society. The popularization of ”has been endowed with new cultural connotations, which can not only reflect the social culture of Chinese patriarchy, but also reflect the ancient hierarchical social system. What is reflected behind this term is the Chinese cultural characteristics and the vassal status of Chinese women.
The origin of "green hat"
1, "green hat" originated from the ancient "green turban"
First of all, today the so-called "green hat" ", originated from the ancient "green turban". This is related to the Chinese thought of "parents who feel the body, hair and skin." Han people don't cut their hair easily. Therefore, since the Han Dynasty, a headscarf has appeared in China, and working people have wrapped their long hair with headscarves for the convenience of work. At that time, the common people used the color of the headscarf. In addition to the common pure colors, there were also bluish green and dark blue. Therefore, the green headscarves were called "blue scarf", "bi scarf" and "green silk".
This is related to the ancient people's understanding of color. In Xunzi, there is: "Blue is taken from blue and blue is blue", and Bai Juyi's "Recalling Jiangnan" also has "Spring comes and the river is green as blue. ". In the eyes of the ancients, "green" and "blue" are very similar colors. Therefore, the range of green turbans refers to a wide range, such as the "blue scarf", "bi turban" and "green scarf" mentioned above. ".
2, the "green bandana" has been widely used, and has no insulting meaning in many places and periods
Second, in From the Han Dynasty to the Yuan Dynasty, the green turban was widely used in society, and in many places and many periods did not mean insulting. It's just that, as mentioned above, the wearers of the green headscarf are the low-ranking people with low status. For example, in the Jin Dynasty, Shen Ying had an army called "Green Scarf Soldiers", most of which were the low-level people; in addition, during the Northern Zhou Dynasty, Yu Chijiong had a personal soldier called Huanglong Soldier, and the soldiers unified "green scarf cotton-padded jacket". With cotton-padded jackets and green scarfs on their heads, most of these people are from poor people. It can be seen that although most of the wearers of the "green headscarf" in this period were the lower-class people, there was no insult to later generations to refer to their wife's derailment.
In the Tang and Song Dynasties, wearing a headscarf became a symbol of fairy style. For example, there is a related record in the legend of Tang Dynasty "Xuanguailu": "Lvsiqingbao" is the clothes of fairy boy; while the people "wearing green scarf and wearing green cloak" in "Yinzhen Taotang Ji" of Song Dynasty It is a typical Taoist priest. Even the memorial to the emperor by Yang Jian, an official of the Secretary Province, claimed that Taoists also appeared in "blue scarf and purple robe"; in the same period of the Song Dynasty, there were also "husbands or green towels and green flowers wearing robe". The record says that Khitan men mostly wear green clothes and green headscarves. It can be seen that there was nothing embarrassing about the green turban, but there were exceptions to everything.
3, wearing the "green scarf" in the east of the Tang Dynasty had the meaning of humiliation
Again, in the Tang Dynasty Wearing the "green turban" in the east once meant humiliation. For example, in the "Feng Shi Wen Jian Ji · Qi Zheng Narrative", it is described: "Li Feng is an order of Yanling, the official is guilty, and he will not be punished with a rod, but he will be humiliated by the bi-head scarf, depending on the severity of the crime. , With the number of days as the grade, the fullness of the day is the release. The Wu people wore this service to enter and leave the state and township, thinking that they were ashamed, and they all persuaded each other, and did not dare to violate."When he was the county magistrate of Yanling, if his officials made mistakes, he did not use the rude method of stick selection, but made him feel shamed by wearing green headscarves on the heads of the officials who made the mistake. The size of the error determines the length of time to wear the green headscarf.
Because of Li Feng's practice, the entire Wu area at that time had a psychological shadow of the "green turban" and was ashamed of wearing the green turban. In this climate, the entire Soochow area had an opinion about the green turban, and they were ashamed of wearing the green turban, because Yanling is located in the south, about in the area along the Yangtze River in Wudi such as Changzhou, Jiangyin, Danyang and so on. But why did Li Feng punish people in this way?
"Green Scarf" began to have a derogatory meaning in the Tang Dynasty
1, which is related to a "prostitute" in the Spring and Autumn Period
One, this is related to a "prostitution" in the Spring and Autumn Period. At that time, there had been people who sold their wives and daughters to ask for food. This man was called a "prostitution", and this prostitution was wrapped in a green turban, and people looked down on him. However, Li Feng's approach was to mock his subordinates under the guise of a "prostitution" with corrupt moral character during the Spring and Autumn Period. This phenomenon is not normal. The normal state is that the green headscarf mentioned above has no derogatory meaning from the Han Dynasty to the Yuan Dynasty, because the identity of Li Feng as an official and the official selection system implemented in the Jin Dynasty was the Jiupin Zhongzheng system, and the election of the Jiupin Zhongzheng system A major reference standard for the official system is family origin and background, or the seniority and official status of the father and grandfather and the rank of title. Therefore, ordinary people at that time had a small chance of becoming officials, so they maintained a great adoration of officials. Under this social psychology, Li Feng's practice was extended in Wudi.
2, the soldiers who used "blue cloth" on their heads in the Warring States Period were lower in rank
Second, this was used in the Warring States Period. The soldiers with their heads wrapped in blue cloth are related to the low level of soldiers. For example, there is a related record in the "Historical Biography of Suqin": "Today, the king's pawns are 200,000 warriors, 200,000 blue heads, 200,000 fighting, and 100,000 servants." Among them, the State of Wei is mentioned. In the army, there are four categories: "Warrior", "Cangtou", "Strike" and "Sailor". The "Cangtou" in it refers to the army with a "green scarf" wrapped in its head, whether it is the Song Dynasty philologist Bao Biao's comment on "Cangtou": "The first item with Qingpa"; or the Tang Dynasty Sima Zhen explained: "Wrap your head with a blue scarf to make a difference", referring to soldiers with a blue scarf around their head. Most of these soldiers are an army composed of people of low status. Because "Cangtou" refers to the name of people wearing turbans at the beginning of the birth of the turban, which itself means low status.
Even people in green turbans were still characteristic of lowly status in the Han Dynasty. For example, Dong Yan, the retainer of Princess Tao of the Historical Records, had his head wrapped in green when he first entered the Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty, and Cai Yong once commented on his outfit: "The old man, the ancient deacon is not the best It means that "帻" is not worn by aristocrats wearing crowns, but by humble people; even in the Tang Dynasty, when Yan Shigu explained "green", he still said "green". The clothes of a bitch." It means that the wearer of the green silk is worn by people of low status.
After the Eastern Han Dynasty, "Cangtou" even became the term for servants and slaves of the four. Most of the servants in ancient times were people with no personal freedom, and their status was very low, while slaves were even more inferior. Later, they gradually developed into "cang head" as long as they were domestic slaves. Therefore, Li Feng's use of "green turban" to warn and punish himself under the tree mentioned above is to use "cang head" to refer to people of low status in ancient times.
3, the completion of the southward shift of the economic center led to the official establishment of the shame status of the "Green Turban" in the Yuan Dynasty
Third, The completion of the southward shift of the economic center led to the formal establishment of the shameful status of the "green scarf" in the Yuan Dynasty. FromFrom the end of the Western Jin Dynasty to the Sui, Tang and Five Dynasties, the economic center of gravity gradually shifted to the south, and the economic development basically tended to balance from the north to the south until the south began to surpass the north. Therefore, the customs of Soochow and other regions will only be affected by Li Feng's actions after the rapid development of the economy in the South.
In the Yuan Dynasty, when the economic center moved south completely, the "green turban", which was regarded as shame by the Soochow area, was officially determined by the Yuan Dynasty government as a national system. For example, the "Yuan Dianzhang" records: "In the fifth year of the Yuan Dynasty, the quasi-Zhongshu Provincial Zha, the home of prostitutes, the parents and relatives of men wrapped in blue scarves." Directly stipulated that men with registered prostitutes in the Yuan Dynasty can only wear green headscarves. There is also a record in the "Yuan History": "It is forbidden to advocate prosperous clothing, many men are wrapped in blue scarves, women wear purple clothes, and they are not allowed to wear a horse." It explains that the Yuan Dynasty directly prohibited the characteristics of the costumes of prostitutes and required men to wear blue on their heads. While women can only wear purple clothes and cannot ride horses with hats. Since then, the green turban has become a well-known derogatory term.
4. Following the predecessors, the Ming Dynasty continued to implement the policy of "green turbans" for people who advocated the status of excellence
Fourth, Ming Dynasty Following the previous generation, continue to implement the policy of "green headscarf" for people who advocate excellent status. For example, the Ming Dynasty "Wanli Ye Huo Bian·Li Bu 2" records: "According to the ancestor system, music workers clubs wear a green scarf with a red and green back shoulder, and regular clothes are green turbans to distinguish them from scholars." Directly explain the ancestors of the Ming Dynasty. The system is that the happy prostitutes and others must wear blue headscarves. The purpose is to distinguish them from people with serious status like the gentry and common people. Like the Yuan Dynasty, the "green headscarf" was placed on the pillar of shame at the legal level.
Moreover, because Le Gong is one of the "inferior", his status is low. For example, the "Five Miscellaneous People" in the Ming Dynasty recorded: "The clothes of the low-ranking people, the green ones and the low-ranking ones, the modern music workers wear the green headscarf, which is also the meaning." It is clear that the headscarf is a low-ranking person in ancient times. The green headscarf is worn by the low-status people, which shows the low status of the musicians and others. Because of their low status, the wives and daughters of musicians also do Kabuki and are often played with. It has also begun to be used to ridicule and sarcasm the men whose wives behave indiscriminately. For example, "the people of Wu today call their wives a green turban".
5, after the Ming Dynasty, non-music males were also put on "green turbans"
Fifth, after the Ming Dynasty, Non-music men are also deducted from this title. Once a man starts to wear a green headscarf, it means that his wife is stealing a man. At this time, the "green headscarf" is a completely insulting symbol and continues to this day. Some of the novels of later generations also described this. For example, in the "Awakening Marriage" in the late Ming and early Qing Dynasty, there is: "The old woman Cheng's son Sun also expected that Wei Sanfeng already wore a martial arts turban, and wanted this one. What does the green headscarf do?" The background of this sentence was that a man named Wei Sanfeng found out that his wife was not a virgin on the wedding night, and found out that it was a beautifu, which means that the green headscarf is embarrassing in people’s hearts. .
6. After the Qing Dynasty, people often wear melon hats. The "green scarf" leads to the "green hat"
Sixth, Qing Dynasty People in the generations will wear melon hats, and the "green turban" leads to the "green hat". After the Qing Dynasty, the feudal dynasty was destroyed, and the decoration of headscarves has been ancient. At that time, people mostly wore melon hats, so green headscarves evolved into green hats. For example, there is a related account in "Twenty Years of Witnessing Strange Status": "The lady thought to herself: This tortoise is willing to knock the green hat on her head. I have always been scared in vain." Just say the green hat. It's a shame for a man, it's incredible to find a green hat for yourself. So far, "cuckold" is considered a shame for men.
and the term "green hat" is still in use today. People don’t care about using it to describeMen whose wives derailed also use it to express ridicule and curse at a person. For example, the warlord Ni Sichong of the Republic of China was once wearing a green hat, so the newspapers at the time wrote directly: "Wen has no text, no chapters, women compete for the role of Hong Fu women; unclear, white is not white, and the general is willing to wear a green headscarf." Even at that time, there were people who deliberately gave themselves green hats. Some officials in the late Qing Dynasty sent their wives and daughters to please their bosses in order to be promoted. There was also the absurd saying in "The Strange Situation I've Witnessed in Twenty Years", "Don't be afraid of the turban." To dye green, you must know to wear red." Because in the late Qing Dynasty, there were nine ways for people to become officials to obtain red tops, which were called "Nine Reds", and the way for brave wives and sisters to be promoted was called " Flesh red". It can be seen how low the status of women was at that time, not only as a vassal of men, but also as a tool for men's promotion.
The social connotation embodied in the word "green hat"
The formation of the word "green hat" is behind the factor that Chinese people value female chastity
First, the formation of the term "green hat" is behind the Chinese people's emphasis on female chastity. Chinese people attach great importance to women's chastity, especially after Song and Ming Dynasties, under the blessing of Cheng Zhu Lixue, there is a view of "starvation to death is a small thing and a big mess". More importantly, ancient China was a completely patriarchal society, and women were appendages of men. The loss of virginity of women was not only a great loss of women's virtues, but also a shame to her husband. Therefore, when people insult others, they often use words such as "stealer" and "green hat" to describe others, in order to insult others under the unique cultural and historical circumstances of China. It can be seen that the birth of the term "green hat" is due to the low status of women. When women are male accessories, chastity becomes a symbol of loyalty to a person.
2, the formation of the word "green hat", behind the concept of Chinese three principles and five permanent factors
Second, the formation of the word "green hat", behind the Chinese three principles and five permanent factors Conceptual factors. Both "green hat" and "green scarf" are bad habits in traditional Chinese culture. Their essence is because of the "three principles and five constants" in Chinese feudal society. Under the principle of "husband is the key for wives", it directly established the social morality of inferior men and women. And people's behavior and affairs must conform to this moral. The reason why the "green hat" is an insult to men is because in ancient times the wife was an item belonging to the husband, and the relationship between the two was a subordinate relationship, requiring the wife to obey and respect her husband from body to heart.
And the derailment of the wife is an absolute provocation to the authority of the husband. Because the wife has an affair with others, it is morally that women do not obey women's way, and in ethics, it is a woman who disregards the morality of "husband as wife". In addition, Chinese people have always avoided talking about "sex", but they have a very ambiguous attitude. What a joke other people’s wives cheat is not only to satisfy the spectator psychology, but also to satisfy the ambiguous attitude towards "sex" in the national culture. After all, in ancient times, even the "literati spring dream" has it! Over time, when people look at the "green hat", they always take inexplicable ridicule and ridicule, satisfying their own enthusiasm for gloating.
Summary
In summary, the term "green hat" in China is a hat that Chinese men are unwilling to wear. It is not only a cultural feature of China, but also It reflects the vassal status of Chinese women. The "green hat" was formed because the people in ancient China created the "turban" for the convenience of labor. The "green turban" was widely used in many places and periods, and it was only worn in the eastern part of the Tang Dynasty. "Green turban" once meant humiliation.
There are six reasons for the formation of the "green turban" humiliation: one is related to a "prostitution" in the Spring and Autumn Period; "It is related to the low rank of soldiers with head-wrapped heads; third, it is related to the establishment of the shameful status of the "green turban" after the completion of the economic center southward movement; fourth, it is related to the people who followed the previous generations in the Ming dynasty and continued to promote the status of excellence." "Green turban" policy; Fifth, after the Ming Dynasty, non-music men were also detained "green turban"; Six, with people after the Qing DynastyWear more melon hats. The "green turban" is related to the "green hat". In addition, behind this term, there are not only the Chinese people's emphasis on female chastity, but also the Chinese concept of three principles and five permanence. This term can not only reflect the social culture of Chinese patriarchy, but also the ancient hierarchical social system. What is reflected behind this phenomenon is the cultural characteristics of China and the vassal status of Chinese women.
