Du Shoutian in the film and television drama
Today I talk about the emperors of the late Qing Dynasty. Since Emperor Daoguang, they have been bastards, losing power and humiliating the country again and again, and still don’t know how to change. Especially Xianfeng , Second Opium War , even the Old Summer Palace was burned, and I hid myself in Chengde and did not dare to return to Beijing, which caused Cixi to get the power, causing greater disaster in China. But in fact, in the early days of Emperor Xianfeng's ascension, under the influence of his teacher Du Sutian, he worked hard to restore the glory of the Qing Dynasty. But the tragedy of is that when Xianfeng needed his teacher the most, Du Shutian died of illness. In his memory of his teacher, Emperor Xianfeng posthumously named Du Shoutian Wenren " Wenzheng ". After the teacher's death, Emperor Xianfeng's will gradually decline and finally became a foolish monarch who only wanted to be at peace for a while, regardless of the flood. People can't help but wonder, who is Du Shutian, who can make the emperor dream of this?
Xianfeng
1. Du Shoutian's family
D Shoutian was born in the late Qianlong period (1787) and is from Binzhou, Shandong. His family is not prominent, but it is also a scholarly family. In the third year of Daoguang (1823), Du received a Jinshi in Tianzhong and was awarded the position of Shujishi. Du Shoutian is knowledgeable and is a good master in teaching and educating people. Regarding this, we can also get arguments from Du Shoutian's descendants. Du Shoutian had five sons, and all of them were admitted to the Jinshi during the Daoguang period. His eldest son, Du Han, was one of the eight ministers of the Ministry of Works, the highest official, and the left minister of the Ministry of Works, and the eight ministers of the Emperor Tongzhi of ; his second son, Du Qiaoyu, was appointed as the right minister of the Ministry of War, and was also a great bureaucrat. Du suetian's father, and was appointed as the Minister of Personnel and was appointed as the title of Prince Taibao, so people at that time called the Du family "seven Jinshis of one family".
Du Shoutian Statue
2. Promoted to imperial teacher
Du Shoutian was originally a Shujishi, doing odd jobs in Hanlin Academy, and soon promoted to Shanxi to study and govern the schools and cultural undertakings in Shanxi. This position has been in charge of nearly ten years. As mentioned earlier, Du Shoutian was a good teacher in teaching and educating people, so during the period when Du Shoutian was in charge of academic administration, Shanxi's cultural undertakings flourished, and this matter was heard from heaven. Therefore, in the fifteenth year of Daoguang (1835), Du Shoutian was specially ordered to go to Beijing to study. This is the beginning of Du Shoutian's fate.
Qing Dynasty Selecting a teacher for the prince does not require a high or low position, but only "learning from the perspective of the quality" and "reading the Four Books and Five Classics". Emperor Xianfeng also recalled his teacher Du Shoutian's knowledge, saying that he "has a good academic master, and has a serious attitude... He is a special master, ". It can be seen that Du Shoutian has excellent knowledge and character.
" Draft of Qing History HTML " says: Emperor Xianfeng entered school at the age of 6. The teacher he followed when he entered school was Du Shoutian. " received the guidance of Tian day and night, and he must take the right path. After more than ten years, the teacher-student relationship between Du Shoutian and Xianfeng lasted for more than ten years. This is the fundamental reason why Xianfeng trusted Du Shoutian especially after ascending the throne. Xianfeng himself also said: " has inherited enlightenment and benefited a lot. " Xianfeng's temple name is Wenzong. He was considered to be the emperor with the highest cultural literacy and best talent among the emperors of the Qing Dynasty. All this is closely related to Du Shoutian's earnest teachings. " This is also the power of Du Shoutian's fertility. ."
3. Teach by words and deeds
Du Shoutian was diligent as an official and went straight to the study for 17 years. Shangshu is a place where the princes are dedicated to studying. The official position of Shangshu is the teacher who study in the study of the prince. Du was taught by Tian Chaoxi and never wasted. In order to better urge students to study, he moved to Xi'anmen , which is considered a school district house. Xi'an Gate is close to the study room of the imperial palace, but due to land rent, he could only live in the temple and could only go home once every three or five days. This diligence once deeply influenced Xianfeng.
The Shangshu Room of the Qing Dynasty
was born in the royal family, and it was inevitable that the intrigue between father and son and brothers would be indispensable. Emperor Xianfeng Yizhu was the fourth son of Emperor Daoguang. Emperor Daoguang's first three sons, Yizhu's three brothers, all died young. Yizhu's fifth brother was adopted by the third uncle (Daoguang's third brother) Miankai since childhood, and also withdrew from the power struggle. Therefore, the biggest stumbling block on the road to the throne of Yizhu is the sixth brother Yizhim4.
The Qing Dynasty won the world with the Eight Banners riding and shooting. Although after entering the pass, the children of the Eight Banners quickly became aristocratic, and all of them had abandoned martial arts, at the royal level, riding and shooting are still a compulsory courses. At that time, Emperor Daoguang asked the princes to go to Nanyuan to hunt. There are two versions of this hunting story today. One version is that Yizhu did participate in the hunting, but fell into a horse and got nothing. Then Du Shoutian told Yizhu to see the emperor. The other version is that because Yizhi's martial arts skills are far higher than Yizhu, Yizhu asked his teacher Du Shoutian what to do. Du Shoutian said that this is the case, and then Yizhu did not shoot arrows at all while hunting, and was watching from the side. The two stories ended the same. When the princes returned to the court after hunting, Yizhu got nothing, while Yizhi got the most hunts. Emperor Daoguang asked Yizhu why he had nothing to find. Yizhu reposted Du Shoutian's words, saying that it was spring now, and birds and beasts were reproductive. In order to compete with his brothers, it was because he couldn't bear to hurt the innocent, so he would rather be punished than shoot arrows far away. As a result, Daoguang valued Yizhu more and praised him for his demeanor.
Later Prince Gong Yili
4. The actual leader of the early empire of Xianfeng
1850 Yizhu succeeded to the throne and was Emperor Xianfeng. The biggest problem facing the Qing Dynasty at that time was the emptiness of the national treasury. On the one hand, we have to pay compensation to the UK; on the other hand, Hong Xiuquan rebelled in the south, and suppressing the rebellion also requires military expenditure. Opium War , China lost to foreign barbarians. Although Emperor Daoguang felt that it was nothing, Emperor Xianfeng, as a passionate young emperor, felt it was embarrassing. Therefore, after he succeeded to the throne, Xianfeng decided to revive the Qing Dynasty.
When he succeeded to the throne, Xianfeng gave Du Shoutian the title of Grand Tutor of Prince and appointed him as the Minister of Rites and the Grand Secretary of the Cabinet. From the perspective of official title, Du Shoutian was not outstanding, but it was related to Du Shoutian's knowledge for more than ten years, and the relationship between the royal father and son was too cold, Yi Zhu developed a dependence on his teachers who had been doing more than ten years as he had on his father. Therefore, the actual decision-making power of the empire was in the hands of Du Shoutian. Xianfeng obeyed Du Shoutian, and Du's power was equivalent to that of the prime minister.
The beginning of Xianfeng's reform was that at the instruction of Du Shutian, he personally issued a request for advice, encouraging subjects to write letters and talk about things, ", all things must be truthfully reported to the ". On March 27, Du Shoutian's cabinet issued another edict, issuing an order to seek talents, ordering local governors and governors to recommend talents in actual education. In November, with Du Sutian's encouragement, Emperor Xianfeng dismissed Wuwei's "Prime Minister" (Chief Military Minister) Mu Zhanga, purged the masters and sent ministers in the Opium War, and promoted a group of new people.
At that time, the rebellion of the Taiping Army in Guangxi was very serious, and the governor of Guangxi was unable to suppress it. Du Shoutian decided to enable Lin Zexu . Everyone knows Lin Zexu's abilities. If Lin Zexu really arrives in Guangxi, the Taiping Army may really be strangled. Unfortunately, Lin Zexu died of illness halfway through.
Lin Zexu
Xianfeng was a miserable emperor. Just when the Taiping Army Rebellion spread to the southern provinces, it was raining heavily in 1852, and the river channel burst, and the flood disaster affected Shandong and Jiangsu provinces. Du Shoutian, who was determined to make Xianfeng a wise king, planned and raised 600,000 stones of rice to provide disaster relief day and night. In order to prevent corrupt officials from detaining, prevent civil rebellion in Shandong and Jiangsu, and to show the emperor's kindness, Du Shoutian decided to go to the disaster area to supervise disaster relief matters in person. As a result, the 66-year-old man really went to the disaster area to comfort the affected people, and eventually "caught the heat and infected the epidemic" and died in Qingjiang, Jiangsu. The news of Du Shoutian's death reached Beijing, and Emperor Xianfeng cried bitterly and was given the title of teacher "Wen Zheng".
Du Shoutian’s former residence
Wenshijun said
Du Shoutian is really a role model for teachers and is dedicated to the student Xianfeng. Originally, Xianfeng's ability in all aspects was not as good as Yili. When Emperor Daoguang was critically ill, he called Yi Zhu and Yi Yi to inquire about current affairs. Yilian's teacher Zhuo Bingtian let Yilian speak out, talk about everything, show himself, and prove his talents; while Du Shoutian said to Yilian, you can't compare with Yilian in any case. It's better to show filial piety than to talk about current affairs. He is concerned about him, not talking about current affairs, but only crying to express his reluctance to the emperor.When it was time to meet the emperor, both princes followed the teacher's plan. Yi Yi was spitting lotus flowers, but Yi Yi was crying so hard that he couldn't even speak. Daoguang felt deeply that "the fourth son of the emperor was kind and filial, but he could be a great rank ". In this way, Yi Yi became the successor. It can be said that the Emperor Xianfeng was completely helped by Du Shoutian.
Du Shoutian is capable and diligent, at least a good person. His character and literacy have deeply influenced Xianfeng. When Du Shoutian was alive and Du Shoutian died, Xianfeng could continue to uphold Teacher Du's expectations and strive to make himself a wise king. But as time went by, the Taiping Army's Northern Expedition once approached the capital, and the British and French coalition burned the Old Summer Palace again, and the repeated setbacks made Xianfeng lose his confidence, and eventually fell into the land of gentleness and became accustomed to living a life of being alone. It can be said that if Du Shoutian does not die, and urges Xianfeng for a few more years, with Du Shoutian's keen political vision and influence, he can completely curb Cixi's rise and thus prevent the continued collapse of the political situation in the late Qing Dynasty. Of course, without Du Shoutian's plan, the emperor's position might be Yilian. Will the progress of the Westernization Movement be smoother? From this perspective, Du Suotian's crime will be a great deal. Looking at history, it is hard to say whether one branch or accidental person can be said to be.
References
Mao Haijian: "The Slaughterful Emperor", Shanghai People's Publishing House, 1995.
Brother Xu Qun: "The Emperor's Teacher Du Shoutian, a diligent and cautious official", United Daily News February 2017
(Author: Haoran Literature and History·Ziju)
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