The Spring and Autumn Period was an era when the Zhou royal family declined and various vassal states competed for hegemony. Among the various vassal states, the most powerful one was Jin State . Although there were Qi State , Qi State , Qi State , Qi State , and Chu State , but because of its strong national strength, Jin State often suppressed these three countries. For most of the Spring and Autumn Period, it was the era when Jin State dominated the Central Plains. It was such a powerful country, but it was divided by the Han family, Zhao family and Wei family in the country, and finally ended the Spring and Autumn History with Jin .
Jinguo compete for hegemony
Why is Jinguo so powerful? In addition to the strong personal ability of the king of Jin, the most important thing is the system of Six Lords established by Duke Wen of Jin. It is precisely because of the existence of the system of Six Lords that various families in Jin began to rise. For the benefit of their own family, relying on the country of Jin, they began to fight against foreign countries and continuously expand the territory of Jin, which also made Jin compete for hegemony in the Spring and Autumn Period for a long time. However, the result was that the powerful ministers of Jin were overwhelmed by the king for a long time, which eventually led to the division and demise of Jin.
Jin State territories
Quwo Daiyi : The bloody seizure of power within the Duke of Jin State began
Jin State was originally like other vassal states, and the inheritance of the monarchs within the country continued the patriarchal system of Zhou Dynasty , but it was bad. After Jin Zhaohou ascended the throne, he granted the fertile place of Quwo to his uncle Cheng Shi, which is Quwo Uncle Huan in history. This Quwo place was larger than the Yicheng, the capital of Jin State at that time, and was obviously incompatible with the etiquette system, which suddenly ignited Quwo Uncle Huan's ambition.
Yicheng and Quwo
Quwo Huanshu was 58 years old when he was enfeoffed. He was already old in the Spring and Autumn Period, but Quwo Huanshu is still old and has rich political experience. Therefore, after coming to Quwo, he worked hard to govern and built Quwo into a big city second only to Yicheng in the State of Jin. Therefore, the small clan represented by Quwo Huanshu began to carry out a comprehensive struggle for power seizure with the bulk clan in Yicheng.
regicide and seize power
0 In the seventh year of Zhaohou of Jin (739 BC), the inner minister of Quwo Huan Shu killed the father of Jin in the capital of Jin. He wanted to welcome the throne of Quwo Huan Shu, but the people of Jin were dissatisfied with the behavior of Quwo Huan Shu's regicide and seize power, and raised an army to resist. In the end, Quwo Huan Shu failed and returned to his fief Quwo. The people of Jin made Zhaohou's son Ping the king of Jin, known in history as Jin Xiaohou , and killed the father of Pan who killed the regicide. Although Quwo failed to seize power for the first time, Quwo Huan Shu also died in anger. His son Quwo Zhuangbo ascended the throne, but Quwo Xiaozong's ambition to seize power did not end.
Quwo Daiyi
Fifteenth year of Xiaohou of Jin (724 BC), Quwo Zhuangbo sent people to the capital to kill Xiaohou of Jin, and continued to attack the capital while taking advantage of the chaos. However, with the help of other vassal states, the Jin people counterattacked and repelled Quwo's attack again. Zhuangbo had to return to Quwo again, and the Jin people established Xiaohou's younger brother, Xi, as the king, to Jin'ehou .
In the sixth year of Ehou in Jin (718 BC), Ehou of Jin died. Quwo Zhuangbo felt that his opportunity had come, so he sent troops again while the national mourning was mourning, but was angry with King Huan of Zhou. Under the arrangement of King Huan of Zhou, Duke Guo led his troops to attack Quwo Zhuangbo. Zhuangbo failed again and returned to Quwo in shame. King Huan of Zhou established Guang, son of Hou Ehou, as the king, which is known in history as Jin Aihou . Quwo Zhuangbo failed to seize power twice, ignoring the existence of the Zhou emperor above. At that time, Zhou Li was still strong. Ignoring the patriarchal system, he could only be attacked by other vassal states. So Quwo Zhuangbo died in anger like his father, and his son claimed to be reincarnated, and he was called Quwo Wugong.
Quwo Zhuangbo period
Quwo Wugong's forbearance
With the lessons of his grandfather and father, Quwo Wugong no longer attacked blindly, but chose to wait for an opportunity. Without any certainty, he would never take the initiative. Therefore, he has been accumulating strength to choose the best time. Six years later, this opportunity finally came.
In the eighth year of Aihou of Jin (710 BC), Aihou Jin felt that Yicheng was often attacked, so he sent troops to attack Xingting in the south of Yicheng, hoping to expand his sphere of influence. Xingting was defeated and asked Duke Wu of Quwo to seek help. In the end, the two sides formed a life-and-death alliance with the Jin army and fought with the Jin army next to Fenshui . Aihou Jin was captured. However, Duke Wu of Quwo was not blinded by victory and did not choose to attack the capital. Instead, he took the initiative to retreat to Quwo and actively sent people to wander between the Zhou royal family and the countries, and constantly promoted the behavior of Jin Aihou's ignoring the Zhou royal family and the Zhou li to attack the surrounding fiefdoms.
Jin Aihou was captured
Although Quwo Wugong's move successfully reversed Quwo's image, after seeing that Jin Aihou was captured, the people of Jin immediately established the son of Jin Aihou as the king, and the boy was the boy. This made Quwo Wugong very angry. Although he was a small clan, his ability and strength were higher than that of Yicheng's major clan. However, the people of Jin obeyed the Zhou rituals and refused to let Xiaozong inherit the status of the king. In anger, they killed the king again and killed Jin Aihou.
Quwo acted again as he was angry with King Huan of Zhou. He immediately ordered Guo Zhong to lead his troops to attack Duke Wu of Quwo. Quwo, who was defeated by the king's army, was defeated again and retreated to Quwo to protect himself. Then King Huan of Zhou appointed Jin Ai's younger brother to Jin Hou .
Small clan replaces the main clan
Although the seizure of power failed this time, the painful lesson made Quwo Wu Gong understand that he could not ignore the existence of the Zhou royal family, and he had to complete the seizure of power quickly and decisively, without giving other vassal states any chance to react.
In the 28th year of the Marquis of Jin (678 BC), Quwo Wu Gong, who had accumulated strength and seized the opportunity, sent troops to conquer the capital with lightning speed and decisive battles. After capturing the capital, he immediately killed the Marquis of Jin, which made the Zhou royal family not react. At the same time, in order to win the support of the Zhou royal family, Quwo Wu Gong bribed the newly established King Zhou Li with various plundered property.
Zhou Li Wang Gang ascended the throne and had no political experience. After seeing many treasures, he put the patriarchal system of his ancestors behind his mind. After all, whether it is the ascension of the Jin Dynasty or the ascension of the small clan, it is all the business of the Jin people. Anyway, they are all the members of the Jin Hou themselves. By the way, they also appointed Duke Wu of Quwo as the King of Jin, known in history as Duke Wu of Jin .
Jinwugong
Since Huan Shu was enfeoffed by Quwo, the small clan of Quwo and the large clan of Yicheng fought for power for 76 years, during which five monarchs were killed. In the end, Quwo's small clan successfully replaced the large clan, but it also became the beginning of the collapse of rituals and music in the Spring and Autumn Period, and also made the monarch of Jin distrust the public since then.
The destruction of the Duke of Jin
Duke Wu of Jin died two years after his reign. His son Ji Guizhu succeeded to the throne, known in history as Jin Xiangong . However, because during the process of Quwo Daiyi, the descendants of Huan Shu and Zhuang Bo made many meritorious achievements, had more feudals, and their power continued to expand. Seeing the example of the small clans replacing the large clans, the dukes of these small clans also began to try to stage the struggle of Quwo Daiyi, and constantly coerced and tempted Duke Xian of Jin through various channels. This made Duke Xian of Jin very worried. He was afraid that he would repeat the mistakes of Quwo Daiyi one day, so he found his chief adviser to discuss it, and a plan to massacre against the Duke of Jin began.
Jin Xian Gong killed the Duke clan
Under the plan of Shi Lin, first continuously promoted the illusion of outstanding people within the Duke clan of Jin. These people were called "rich sons". After continuous publicity, they aroused hatred from other Duke clans. In the end, they united the Duke clans to eliminate these rich sons first, so that the Duke clans had no leader .
After removing the rich son, the next step is to remove the powerful families within the public clan. These people are called "wanderers". By creating conflicts, they make them suspicious of each other and attack each other. In the end, these powerful wanderers were killed.
Finally, in order to "reward" these dedicated tribes, Duke Xian of Jin specially built a new city called "Ju" and moved all the remaining tribes to live here. Because Jucheng is located here with unique geographical location, not only is there water on both sides to form a natural moat, but also backed by Zhongtiao Mountain. It can withstand Luoyi, the capital of the Zhou royal family, to the south, and can station troops on the east and south sides of the three areas, and the geography is very perfect. Therefore, the public tribes are also very satisfied and go there one after another, and then wait for other rewards from Duke Xian of Jin.
The Duke clan destroyed
However, what awaited them was bloody massacre. In the eighth year of Duke Xian of Jin (669), Duke Xian of Jin sent troops outside Jucheng and suddenly launched an attack. Finally, under the order of Duke Xian of Jin, all the Duke clans gathered in Jucheng were massacred. In the end, Duke Xian of Jin almost eliminated all the clans in Jin, eliminated his own major troubles, and also made Jin the vassal state with the least number of Duke clans among various vassal states.
Jin Xian Gong fought for hegemony
Due to the destruction of the power of the public, family affection in Jin was no longer nepotism, and all positions were no longer nepotism, and in Jin could not make a living by family background. Only those with ability could get on the throne. In the end, a large number of useful talents entered Jin. Jin Xian Gong himself was also a magnificent and strategic king. He appointed these talents. During his reign, he successively eliminated Guo, Yu, Huo, Yang, , Rui, Wei, , Xun, Geng, Ji, Lirong, , Chidi and other countries and tribes. At this point, the middle reaches of the Yellow River became the territory of Jin, and Jin became the overlord at that time.
Jin Xiangong fought for hegemony
The establishment of the six ministers
The concubine's son took office
Jin Xiangong's reign, another important thing was that the prince Shensheng was deposed and killed, because Jin Xiangong favored Li Ji . Li Ji wanted to make her son Xiqi the crown prince, so she kept slandering. Finally, after Li Ji falsely accused the crown prince of poisoning and killing Duke Xian of Jin, Prince Shensheng committed suicide. The other two powerful competitors, Prince Yiwu and Chong'er , fled to other vassal states one after another. In the end, Li Ji's son successfully took office. After the concubine's son came to power, in order to ensure his smooth ascension, Duke Xian even set rules with the ministers that the prince who was not the crown prince could not stay in Jin.
Li Ji is also a famous woman
Rick killed the lord
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Rick Killing the Lord
National country cannot be without a king for a day, so welcoming the two princes outside became an important matter for Jin State, so people sent people to welcome the two princes outside. There were also many counselors around the two princes giving advice. These people also became heroes after Yiwu and Chong'er returned to the country, and were naturally repaid and took on important tasks. As early as the time of Duke Xian of Jin, many families had already started to appear and fought for Duke Xian of Jin. Many families even chose to take sides for their own interests. Among them, the most famous of is Xi family , who directly bet on these two people.
Duke Hui of Jin returned to China
The first one was Yiwu. For Duke Hui of Jin, Chong'er continued to stay outside. During the reign of Duke Hui of Jin, he also saw the strength of the family power and had killed a group of people. However, in the 19th year of the time of Duke Hui of Jin, Chong'er cultivated a new group of family forces and followed Chong'er back to China. These people were also the ancestors of the later division of Jin, including Huyan, Zhao Shuai , Wei Feng, Xu Chen , etc. , especially Huyan, when Chong'er crossed the Yellow River to return to China, he directly asked Chong'er to guarantee the future interests of their family .
After Chong'er returned to China, he was Duke Wen of Jin. Like Duke Hui of Jin, Duke Wen of Jin did not have the power to strengthen the Duke's clan after returning to China. Instead, the power of various families continued to expand. Because there were many families, they had to compete for interests and could only expand externally, especially in the Battle of Chengpu . Duke Wen of Jin did not want to fight, but almost all the ministers in China took him to fight. Therefore, when Duke Wen of Jin was Duke Wen of Jin, the family power had begun to gradually overtake the interests of the king.
Duke Wen of Jin returns to China
In the fourth year of Duke Wen of Jin (633 BC), Duke Wen of Jin formally established the system of three armies and six ministers. This system divides the main force of the Jin army into three parts: upper, middle and lower. Each army has one general and one assistant. These are the six ministers. The six ministers are generals and prime ministers, and are in charge of the military and political power of the military and country. Among them, the generals of the central army have the highest status, and are the chief ministers and ruled the Jin State. The emergence of the system of three armies and six ministers became the basis for the later Jin State to dominate the world and the basis for the complete destruction of the Jin State.
Jin Wengong and the Five Sages
family
Because Jin State has no duke clan, the power of the king is very weak, it is easy for powerful ministers to override the king. Once the powerful ministers become bigger, the king of Jin may not be able to control the situation, especially the later Jin Linggong and Jin Ligong , which could not suppress the situation at all. In the era of Jin Xianggong , the Hu family and Zhao family fought for power, and even once there was a situation where the central general and the ruling minister were combined into one, which made the military and political power of Jin State be in the hands of Zhao Dun .
The six ministers are becoming more and more powerful
Because there are many clans in Jin, eleven families have successively held positions in the six ministers, but there are too many monks and few porridges, and these families will inevitably compete. Therefore, there are also subsequent systems of the three armies, three armies, eight armies, five armies, ten armies and even the most exaggerated system of the six armies and twelve ministers, which were once comparable to the Zhou emperor. In order to compete, these families also chose excellent heirs to inherit the status of the family patriarch without considering the system of inheritance of the eldest son.
For example, Han Jue chose the youngest son Han Qi instead of the eldest son Han Wuji as the heir. Because of Han Qi's longevity, Han Qi finally laughed to the end from the last family that appeared in Jin State, while Zhao chose the lowest-born Zhao Wuxiu to succeed. It is precisely because of this that Jin State has produced many powerful people under the system of the three armies and six ministers. It can be said that the foreign expansion of Jin State is completely the same as the families of Jin State that are constantly promoting .
Three families are divided into Jin
Although there are many families in Jin, many families were destroyed in the struggle within Jin, and in the end, only three families were laughed to the end.
Hushi : 621 BC 1 Hushi Gu failed to fight with Zhao Dun fled
Xushi : 573 BC Xu Tong was killed and fled because of Duke Li,
Xianshi : 596 BC Xianshi colluded with Rong Di for rebellion and rebellion because he was worried that he would be held accountable for his defeat in the Battle of Mi.
Yushi : 574 BC Sanxia
Luanshi : 550 BC Luan Yingquwo Rebellion was suppressed
Fan's : The first civil war in Jin State failed in 490 BC Fan Ji shot escaped,
Zhongxing's : The first civil war in Jin State failed in 490 BC Zhongxing's escaping;
Zhi's : The second civil war in Jin State failed in 453 BC Zhibo was killed. Originally, the Zhi's escaping was the most powerful, and even had the chance to be like the Tian family used Qi , but it ended up being defeated in Jinyang Battle .
Han, Zhao and Wei families divided Jin
No one can do anything to anyone else or destroy each other. In addition, each family has its own fiefdom, and its own fiefdom has its own management and system, and Jin State has only a skin. In the end, the Three Kingdoms divided Jin in the thirteenth year of Jin Liegong (403 BC). Jin State was divided into Jin, and the overlord of the Spring and Autumn Period was in name only, which also marked the arrival of the more chaotic Warring Kingdom Era.
Overall, the Six-Know system started from Duke Wen of Jin to the demise of Jin. Although there were 12 monarchs in Jin State in power, the Six-Know system has never changed. No matter how various families in Jin compete for power and throne, the Six-Know system only has the increase or decrease of personnel, but the system has never changed. In the end, the power of the Jin State is getting weaker and weaker, the territory is getting smaller and smaller, the alien clan is getting stronger and stronger, and the territory is getting bigger and bigger.
They continued to compete, and when the competition had reached the upper limit, they finally divided up the Jin State. Although the Six Lords system led to the destruction of Jin State, because the Six Lords' talents and abilities were higher than those of the monarchs, the Jin State could stand firm in the Spring and Autumn Period and be in a position of hegemony for a long time. This can be considered another perspective!
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