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1806-1812, the Ottoman Empire broke out with the support of the French emperor Napoleon . The Eighth Russian-Turkish War broke out with the Russian-Turkish War. Since the Ottomans have the support of the European overlord France, why can't they beat Tsarist Russia? The captain told you in detail.
1, pre-war situation
10 At the beginning of the 19th century, Napoleon France rose rapidly, defeated the anti-French alliance many times and became the overlord of Europe. In December 1805, the French Emperor Napoleon I defeated the Tsarist Russian and Austrian coalition in the Battle of Austria in , firmly consolidating his position as the dominant European position. The Ottoman Empire was very happy with the disastrous defeat of Tsarist Russia, and received a request from France to form an alliance, which strengthened its confidence in uniting with France to resist Russia.
806, the Ottoman Sultan Selim III ordered the dethrone of the Grand Duke of Wallachia Constantine Ipsilanti and the Duke of the Duke of Moldavia Alexander Morusses vassal . Napoleon I then ordered the French army to station in Dalmatia on the coast of the Adriatic , supporting the Ottomans while shocking Tsarist Russia.
html In November, in order to avoid the French attack on it from the south, Tsarist Russia sent 40,000 troops to Wallachia and Moldavia , thus provoking the eighth Russian-Turkish War. French Ambassador to the Ottoman Oras François Bastian Sebastiani de Laporta urged Selim III to start a war against Russia in order to relieve France's pressure in Europe. Selim III was already very angry at Tsarist Russia's provocation, so he ordered the blockade of the Türkiye's strait and declared war on Tsarist Russia.
2, the two sides fought
At that time, the Russian monarch of Tsarist Russia Alexander I had formed the fourth anti-French alliance with Prussian King Frederick William III , the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland George III 6, so the main force of the Russian army was busy dealing with the French army on the Western Front, which led to Alexander I not willing to mobilize the army to deal with the Ottomans.
Then, in order to relieve the pressure on Tsarist Russia, Britain ordered the deputy commander of the Mediterranean Fleet in early 1807 to lead the fleet to raid Dardanelles Dakworth John Thomas and threaten Constantinople to force the Ottoman to cease the war. But the Austrian army adopted a delay tactic to gain time to strengthen coastal defense, successfully thwarting the British conspiracy.
807, when facing the Austrian army, the Russian army mainly adopted a defensive stance to maintain the occupation of Wallachia and Moldavia; the Russian navy actively adopted an offensive to force the Ottoman to cease war. In May, the Russian army severely damaged the Austrian army in the Naval Battle of Dardanelles, firmly maintaining the control of the sea in the Black Sea. The Ottoman, who was already in a political unstable state, thus underwent a coup in the Imperial Guards, Selim III was deposed, and Mustafa IV succeeded Sultan .
html In July, the Russian Navy defeated the Austrian army in the waters near Mount Athos, Ottoman Greece, winning the Battle of Athos. At the same time, Tsarist Russia also provoked the Serbs in the Ottoman territory to launch a rebellion and declared that Serbian is protected by it. The Ottoman then received the agreement for the French-Russian armistice, and had to accept British mediation and negotiate peace with Tsarist Russia. Under Napoleon's pressure, Alexander I agreed to a temporary truce with the Ottoman.
In March 809, the truce agreement between Austria and Russia expired. Alexander I, who was already dissatisfied with the truce agreement, decided to restart the war. Then the Russian army crossed the Danube River and launched a raid on the Ottomans.But the Russian commander-in-chief of the then Russian army was Alexander Prozorovsky , so he was unwilling to launch a large-scale attack on the Ottomans, resulting in limited results from the Russian army and only occupied several strongholds such as Turcha, Mochin, and Hassova on the southern bank of the Danube River.
1 In May 1810, the Russian army crossed the Danube under the command of Commander-in-Chief Nicole Kamensky and launched an attack on the Austrian army. However, the Ottoman has never been prepared for war, which has always been in a passive situation of being beaten. The Russian army then captured a large area on the southern bank of the Danube River, but failed to siege Shumen and chose to withdraw. Ottoman Prime Minister Kor Yusuf Zayading Pasha Then he led his troops to attack the Russian army's remaining troops, but failed in the Battle of Batam. In addition, with the support of the Russian army, the Serbs captured a large area and basically broke away from the Ottoman rule.
Tsarist Russia was competing with the Ottoman for the lower Danube, and also launched several offensives in Caucasus , seizing large areas from the Ottomans and Persian Empire . Although Tsarist Russia is the common enemy of the Ottomans and Persian , the two have long been deeply resentful due to years of war, which has led to a lack of mutual trust and cooperation between the two sides and are unable to stop the Russian army from engaging in Caucasus .
3, the war ended
1France-Russia relations deteriorated in early 811. In order to prevent France, Alexander I ordered Nikore Karmensky to withdraw half of his troops to support the Western Front and negotiate peace with the Ottomans to end the war as soon as possible. But Nikoray Kamensky believes that Ottoman will not agree to such harsh terms of peace talks and also demands a large-scale offensive. France and Austria In order to weaken Tsarist Russia, they continued to inspire the Ottomans to fight against Russia and strengthened the Ottomans' confidence in resisting Russia. But France did not provide much substantial help, and the Ottoman, which had long been declining, naturally could not defeat Tsarist Russia.
html In March, Alexander I appointed Mikhail Ilarionovich Kutuzov as the commander-in-chief of the Russian army, allowing him to command the battle against Austria and make quick decisions. Kutuzov found that his army had only 45,000 exhausted soldiers after being transferred, while the Austrian army had as many as 60,000 troops, so he decided to adopt a cautious strategy.
Then Kutuzov led the Russian army to retreat in an attempt to lure the enemy into depth. Ottoman Prime Minister Raz Aziz Ahmed Pasha mistakenly thought that the Russian army was afraid of it, so he launched a pursuit. Then the Russian army pretended to be defeated, which further strengthened the Austrian army's confidence in pursuing. Then the Austrian army chased the Danube all the way and divided it into two parts: north and south.
htmlIn October, the Russian army took the opportunity to launch an attack, scaring Ahmed Pasha to abandon his army and flee. Then the Russian army annihilated the Austrian army crossing the river in Slobozia and won the victory of Battle of Slobozia. Kutuzov then proposed peace talks to the Ottoman, and Ahmed Pasha, who had been defeated repeatedly, had no intention of fighting again, so he agreed to the peace talks.
In May 1812, Russia and Austria signed the " Bucharest Treaty ", thus ending the eighth Russian-Turkish War. The treaty stipulates that the Ottoman ceded the eastern half of Moldavia to Tsarist Russia and recognized its annexation of the Kingdom of Imelech; Tsarist Russia promised to give up its support for Serbia.
