1. The battle of Hanzhong
During the Three Kingdoms period, the battle of Hanzhong between Cao Cao and Liu Bei is the most incomprehensible. In summary, it mainly focuses on the following two aspects.
One: the contradiction between "win" and "profit"!
Victory is a word, but after the Battle of Hanzhong, this word was divided by historical materials, thus forming a contradictory state.
First talk about Liu Bei's side. Before the battle in Hanzhong started, there was a minister in Shu Han who liked to "see the celestial phenomena and observe the stars" named Zhouqun . He once told Liu Bei: should be able to obtain the land, not the people. If you set out a side army, it will be unfavorable. Be careful!
means that according to the celestial phenomena, this battle can get in Hanzhong , but the people of Hanzhong don’t think about it. It would be even more unfavorable if the general was sent to the war, so this battle must be cautious.
subtext is: if you can get the Hanzhong area but cannot have the people here (population is tax burden, military source, etc.), this is a typical victory but unfavorable. Instead of fighting, it is better not to fight.
The records of Cao Cao's side also clearly support this conclusion. Since Cao Cao surrendered Hanzhong Zhang Lu , he began to immigrate Hanzhong people to other places on a large scale. Therefore, although Liu Bei paid the huge price of "men are the battle and women are the luck", he eventually captured Hanzhong, but he could not supplement the damage to the war.
The second: the contradiction between the debate on victory and the process!
But judging from the process of the battle in Hanzhong, it seems that the "vincibility of victory" has been overturned. Because whether it is Cao Cao or Liu Bei, they are all working hard and are trying their best to Hanzhong. If it is really based on the "vincibility debate", how can this process be explained?
You said that Liu Bei's side suffered huge losses, isn't Cao Cao's side the same? Xiahou Yuan was beheaded by Huang Zhong , Yang Xiu was killed by Cao Cao... and even more deadly logistics supplies.
Note that just as the battle in Hanzhong was going on, smoke and fire began to rise from behind Cao Cao. For example, in 218 AD, Wancheng Houyin and others rebelled. Why did Hou Yin rebel? It is to support the battle in Hanzhong, and the tax burden is too heavy!
Then Guan Yu keenly seized the opportunity of Cao Cao defeating Hanzhong, and went to war with the side troops of Jingzhou , which directly beat Cao Cao to move the capital. If it weren't for Cao Cao's losses and blood loss in the Battle of Hanzhong, how could this situation have happened with Cao Cao's wealth?
From this perspective, let’s look at Guan Yu’s Battle of Xiangfan , and it’s actually quite clear.
First, Guan Yu's ability to catch fighter jets is indeed strong. Of course, the price is that Liu Bei in Xichuan could not cooperate or rescue him, and he no longer had the ability. In the Battle of Hanzhong, Cao Cao was disabled, and Liu Bei could still be alive?
The second: Liu Feng and Meng Da , but refused to send troops when Guan Yu asked for help. It was really unforgivable!
So I said that the Battle of Hanzhong is a bit incomprehensible - at least I look confused. But no matter how confused you are, you probably have a basic judgment: after all, no matter what angle you use to analyze it, it is still Liu Bei who won the victory, even if he was "compared to Cao Cao's bad luck", this is the same conclusion!
So how did Cao Cao be defeated by Liu Bei in the Battle of Hanzhong? When this question is mentioned, I am afraid everyone will point to Xiahou Yuan and say: He is the culprit, but is that really the case?
2. Xiahou Yuan was beheaded and took the blame for Hanzhong
Although Xiahou Yuan was the main general of the battle in Hanzhong at that time, sometimes the main general may not be the backbone. The first person who misleads future generations was Liu Bei.
When Huang Zhong killed Xiahou Yuan in Dingjunshan , he said excitedly: Now, even if Cao Cao comes by himself, it will be useless. Hanzhong already belongs to me!
The second person who misleads future generations is Cao Cao himself.After learning that Xiahou Yuan was killed, his reaction was to curse, saying that Xiahou Yuan’s general Baidi was.
The problem is that since Liu Bei and Cao Cao are both so sure that Xiahou Yuan’s death will be the ending stage. But is this the truth? Not at all!
Although the death of Xiahou Yuan caused the Cao army to have no leader at that time, it was once in chaos. But soon with the suggestion and support of Guo Huai and others, the famous general Zhang He took over everything temporarily and immediately began to arrange and adjust.
At the same time, Liu Bei was not idle either, so he wanted to take advantage of the situation and fight to make a decision. However, he soon discovered that Cao's army did not collapse as expected. Instead, it was well-founded and advanced and relegated, and once again occupied the favorable terrain, and confronted Liu Bei, leaving Liu Bei with no choice.
So Liu Bei was extremely helpless and began to stop talking. He said to Huang Zhong, who killed Xiahou Yuan: What is it about killing Xiahou Yuan? If you really have the ability, you will kill Zhang He.
It was precisely because Zhang He was in charge that he once again stabilized Cao's army's position and made Liu Bei unable to advance, so he waited for Cao Cao to lead the troops. So, the real battle in Hanzhong began.
That is to say, after Cao Cao arrived, the battle of Hanzhong in Cao Liu entered the actual decisive battle period. Although Xiahou Yuan's beheading caused chaos in the Cao army for a time, it was not actually as people imagined. Not only did Cao's army not collapse, but instead defeated Liu Bei and had to admit that Zhang He was the real ruthless man, and he had met an opponent.
So from the process of the battle in Hanzhong, it is obvious that Xiahou Yuan's beheading can only be considered a factor in Cao Cao's defeat in Hanzhong, but it is by no means the main factor.
The reason why Xiahou Yuan was so famous was that Xiahou Yuan's official rank was too high at that time. The second is because Cao Cao and Liu Bei and other three kingdoms made more extreme comments on the death of Xiahou Yuan. In other words, Xiahou Yuan is taking the blame!
The problem now is that since Xiahou Yuan was beheaded, it was not the main reason for Cao Cao's defeat in Hanzhong, so what was the real main reason?
3, Sima Yi knows but dare not say
In fact, Cao Cao's defeat in Hanzhong was not as shown in "Romance of the Three Kingdoms". It was based on the role of strange strategies and powerful generals, but because of the inability to bear the logistics!
said at the beginning that Liu Bei took Hanzhong and made Xichuan "man is the battle and woman is the luck", which made Xichuan lie straight after the battle of Hanzhong and was unable to support Guan Yu in Jingzhou. And Cao Cao also had frequent incidents, so the Hou Yin Rebellion occurred.
As for the battle between Cao Cao and Liu Bei, it is mainly concentrated on "robbing grain and counter-robbing grain", which is a blow and fight to the other party's logistics supply.
, such as Zhao Yun , when was he evaluated by Liu Bei as " Zilong is full of courage"? It was when he and Huang Zhong robbed food that Huang Zhong was chased by Cao Cao, and Zhao Yun responded, and then sang a scene of "Empty City (city) plan".
So Cao Cao defeated Hanzhong, but the logistics could not hold on, so he had to withdraw his troops. This has another problem. How did Cao Cao fall to this point?
is also very simple, just because in 215 AD, after Cao Cao surrendered to Zhang Lu, he did not listen to the suggestions of Sima Yi and Liu Ye and took Hanzhong's resources as the basis to attack Xichuan in a comprehensive manner!
At that time, Cao Cao captured Zhang Lu from Hanzhong, which had already caused "a day of shock in Shu". If Cao Cao really listened to Sima Yi's advice, he would rely on Hanzhong's manpower and material resources to attack Xichuan. Liu Bei was newly captured by Xichuan at that time, and his foothold was not stable, so he obviously could not withstand it.
If this is true, how could it be the turn of Liu Bei to compete for Hanzhong after more than two years, and then killed Xiahou Yuan, which led to the difficulties in Cao Cao's logistics supply? Therefore, the biggest reason for Cao Cao's defeat in Hanzhong was his own mistake in judgment!
So I said that Sima Yi was actually the clearest about the main reason for Cao Cao's defeat in Hanzhong. But this matter was related to Cao Cao's face, so naturally he didn't dare to say that he would kill Sima Yi.
So I could only pick up the poor Xiahou Yuan and let him bear the consequences - Xiahou Yuan is dead anyway, so I will not argue...
