text/ Guo Zhijun Shi Zhen
In the tremendous changes in China's society in the 20th century, Peng Zhen worked tirelessly to strive for national independence and people's liberation, and to achieve national prosperity and people's prosperity. He has always stood at the forefront of the cause of the Party and the people. He has always adhered to seeking truth from facts and following the mass line, creatively implemented a series of lines, principles and policies of the Party Central Committee, devoted himself to the cause of the Party and the people, and wrote a magnificent chapter of life.
"Reform the old society and establish a new democratic society "
After the outbreak of the full-scale anti-Japanese war, Peng Zhen fully assisted Liu Shaoqi in establishing, consolidating and adjusting party organizations in various parts of the north, allocating cadres, and participating in the deployment of the creation of bases behind enemy lines in North China and carrying out anti-Japanese guerrilla wars. After 1938, Peng Zhen served as secretary of the Northern Branch of the CPC Central Committee (later the Jin-Cha-Hebei Branch). He and Nie Rongzhen and others led the work of opening up and building the Jin-Cha-Hebei anti-Japanese base, which was highly praised by Mao Zedong.
1938 In September 1938, Peng Zhen went to Yan'an for the second time to participate in the Sixth Plenary Session of the Sixth Central Committee of the Communist Party of China, and delivered a report on the work of Jinchaji Border Region at the meeting. Based on the actual work of the Party in Jin, Chahar and Hebei, he emphasized the correctness of the Party's principle of independence and autonomy, and agreed with Mao Zedong's analysis of the situation. Peng Zhen’s report received a warm response at the meeting and was highly praised. During the meeting, Peng Zhen wrote an article "On the Major Achievements in the Construction of Anti-Japanese Democratic Regime in the Jin-Cha-Hebei Border Region" and published it in the 55th issue of "Liberation" magazine.
◆Peng Zhen
After the meeting ended, the central government appointed Peng Zhen as the Northern Bureau member and secretary of the Jinchaji Branch of the Northern Bureau.
Peng Zhen, together with Nie Rongzhen, Cheng Zihua and other comrades, implemented comprehensive leadership in the party, government, military and civilian work in the Jin-Cha-Hebei region, developed and consolidated the Jin-Cha-Hebei anti-Japanese base, creatively implemented the Party Central Committee’s strategic policies and basic policies on the War of Resistance Against Japan, mobilized the masses, strengthened the people’s strength, proposed and implemented policies in the base area for party building, government building, armed construction, land, economy, labor, finance, etc., and presided over the formulation of the "Northern Branch of the CPC Central Committee on the Current Policy Program of the Jin-Cha-Hebei Border Region". He clearly proposed to "sinize Marxism" and "transform the old society and build a new democratic society" in the base area. After two years of development in 1939 and 1940, the Jin-Cha-Hebei Border Region has established a brand new society in accordance with the model of a new democratic society. The Jin-Cha-Hebei base area led by Peng Zhen and Nie Rongzhen became the first anti-Japanese base area established by the Communist Party of China behind enemy lines. It was praised by the Party Central Committee as "a model anti-Japanese base area behind enemy lines and a model area of the united front" and "a most progressive model anti-Japanese base area."
◆In 1940, Peng Zhen took a photo at the anti-Japanese base in the Shanxi-Chahar-Hebei region. From left: Nie Heting, Xiao Ke, Chen Bojun, Peng Zhen, Shu Tong, Huang Jing, Zhu Liangcai, Chen Manyuan.
On January 25, 1941, the central government decided to let Peng Zhen return to Yan'an to participate in the Seventh National Congress, and Peng Zhen arrived in Yan'an in early May. According to the arrangements of the central government, from June 4 to August 21, he reported to the Political Bureau of the Central Committee on the work of the Party and various specific policies of the Shanxi-Chahar-Hebei Border Region in 7 times, including the political trends, regime construction, labor policy, land policy, economic policy, financial policy, fiscal policy, party building, etc. in the War of Resistance in each major stage within the border region during the War of Resistance.
Mao Zedong always attended the audience to listen to Peng Zhen’s report, and also took detailed notes while listening. Mao Zedong praised his report for being "Marxist" and believed that the Shanxi-Chahar-Hebei Border Region creatively implemented a lively Marxist line based on reality. Mao Zedong also suggested that Peng Zhen make additional revisions to the report, sort it into the "Report on the Party's Work and Specific Policy of the Shanxi-Chahar-Hebei Border Region", and print it into a brochure and send it to all central departments, units and all parts of the country.
"Everyone is equal before the truth. Whoever grasps the truth will listen to whoever speaks right."
Peng Zhen repeatedly emphasized: The mass line is our party's work line, and seeking truth from facts is our party's ideological line, and the two are unified. To be realistic, it is not possible to sit in the room and meditate alone. We must follow the mass line, fully promote democracy, listen carefully to various opinions, especially opposition opinions, and practice the principle of equality before the truth. After repeated comparisons, we must gather the public to think about the benefit of the public.
insists on seeking truth from facts. As Peng Zhen strong party spirit and noble morality, he became more and more dazzling as the storm of the "Cultural Revolution". In the face of unprecedented severe tests, he withstood the huge pressure, stood up resolutely, and spoke fairly for Luo Ruiqing, which was a prominent performance.
From December 8 to 16, 1965, the enlarged meeting of the Standing Committee of the Political Bureau of the Central Committee resolved Luo Ruiqing's "problem". From March 4 to April 8, 1966, Peng Zhen attended the meeting of the Central Working Group to review Luo Ruiqing's "Problem" and was a member of the leading group. During the meeting exposing and criticizing Luo Ruiqing's "error" and drafting the "Report on Comrade Luo Ruiqing's Error" to the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China and Chairman Mao, Peng Zhen repeatedly said that one should be realistic, one should be true; one should be correct; one should be correct, and one should not be explained in three points, and no overstatement should be given; not every sentence of the speech at the criticism meeting is a conclusion, and when making a conclusion, one should consider whether the facts are different and whether the basis is sufficient. If all the conclusions are discussed, what else should the working group do? If Luo himself believes that some facts or several facts in the material are different and can give out facts and evidence, we can cancel it. In response to the overly passionate expression of some speeches at the meeting to Luo Ruiqing's "problem" is infinitely exaggerated, Peng Zhen warned: Those who are indignant now will regret it if they calm down in the future.
◆In January 1965, Peng Zhen (third from left) presided over the first session of the Third National People's Congress.
In the very abnormal political atmosphere at that time, it was really commendable and admirable that Peng Zhen was able to be so brave and persistent in seeking truth from facts.
Later, once, Peng Zhen said to the staff around him: "On the eve of the Cultural Revolution, I said 'Everyone is equal before the truth', which caused a big disaster. To this day, I still stick to this view. From the perspective of the party, among comrades, from the country, among citizens, regardless of age, qualifications, or status, they should be equal. Yes, no matter what, no matter what, whoever grasps the truth, will listen to whoever speaks right. People are useless to say. If this is not the case, whoever has a higher official position will be ‘correct’, and whoever listens to whom, and what democracy is there? What else can we say? That is feudal autocracy. The emperor’s words are ‘golden words’!”
After the establishment of the China Yan'an Spirit Research Association on May 18, 1990, Peng Zhen, who was respected, served as the honorary president of the research association and wrote a congratulatory message to the conference, which inspired everyone. The first important activity carried out after the establishment of the research association was to organize a symposium to commemorate the 69th anniversary of the founding of the Party. Peng Zhen attended and delivered an important speech.
Peng Zhen started with what is the Yan'an spirit and focused on the issue of seeking truth from facts. His speech is not only very theoretical, but also very realistic. This can be seen clearly as long as he combines his speech with the domestic and international situation at that time. It elaborates on the spiritual essence of seeking truth from facts and how to do it: "What is a practical thing? A practical thing is an objective actual situation. Seeking truth means finding out the inherent laws of things themselves. Seeking truth from facts means starting from reality and passing through the processing factory of the mind, propositions and opinions are generated, and routes, principles and policies are generated. Propositions and opinions are right or wrong, and they must be tested by social practice. Social practice is the only criterion for testing truth. How can we start from reality? Or Comrade Mao Zedong's words, if you don't conduct investigations, you will have no say. No matter who it is, no matter how smart he is, without investigation or systematic investigation, it is impossible to understand reality and society, and you will not be completely right to deal with problems.How to investigate? What is the purpose of the investigation? The investigation cannot be about writing the conclusion in the room and going out to find some examples. The purpose of the investigation is to understand reality. What reality? It is an objective reality, not a subjective reality; it is a comprehensive reality, not a one-sided reality; it is an essential reality, not a phenomenon. "How to achieve an objective, comprehensive and essential understanding of things? It is still the words that Comrade Mao Zedong said when he was philosophizing and military. To solve a problem, we must master the materials in detail, "eliminate the coarseness and extract the essence, remove the false and retain the truth, from this to that, from the outside to the inside." "
Then, Peng Zhen quoted the democratic revolution period of our party, and constantly adjusted policies in a timely manner according to objective actual changes, thus ensuring a large number of facts that the revolution achieved victory, indicating that "yes" changed according to changes in "actual things", and "we carry forward the Yan'an spirit in order to solve the existing problems now. The current situation is very different from that in the Yan'an period. We must seek the current 'yes' based on the current 'acts'."
"Everything is for the masses, believe in the masses and rely on the masses"
Peng Zhen is always full of infinite love for the people. Whether in the war years or during the construction period, he has been determined to adhere to the purpose of serving the people wholeheartedly. After our party became the ruling party, he emphasized more Party building, government building and legal system building must adhere to the mass line, and unify the adherence to the Party’s mass line with the Party’s ideological line of seeking truth from facts. We believe that only by adhering to the mass line can we be realistic; being separated from the masses will inevitably be divorced from reality. He regards this problem as the key to the success or failure of all work.
1961, when Peng Zhen was the secretary of the Beijing Municipal Party Committee and mayor, he said to Beijing cadres: "Our Party, each of us, is a serviceman serving the working people. We are not bureaucrats, not exploiters, nor are we the Gods, Bodhisattvas, and gods who created this and that. We are the people's servants. "Until retired, Peng Zhen also said, "We are part of the people, representatives of the people, servants of the people, public servants of the people, and managing the country and leading construction on behalf of the people. We must serve the people wholeheartedly. The people are the masters of the country. This is the essence of things. "He often said this and did it for a long time.
◆On May 1, 1960, Peng Zhen and Deng Xiaoping celebrated International Labor Day with the masses in Jingshan Park, Beijing.
In the early spring of 1961, Peng Zhen, who was busy with everything, drove to the front line of production of Mentougou Coal Mine in Xixi, Beijing for investigation. He did not have time to rest and listened to the report of the mine leaders, and held discussions with several production section chiefs and old workers, asking in detail about specific issues in production and life. When he learned that the underground workers had swelling due to difficulties in eating food, he immediately asked the secretary to come down and said affectionately: "Downhole work is so hard, it is impossible to eat enough. "The next day, Peng Zhen went deep into the underground investigation. He was nearly 60 years old and walked and looked and asked in the dark and humid alley. When he saw the workers eating both cool and hard dry food, he said to the accompanying mine leader: "You should think of a way to arrange the food and drinking water for the underground workers. ”
In 1962, Peng Zhen talked about the changes in some party members and cadres after our party came to power and emphasized the importance of adhering to the party’s mass line. He said: “Everyone is familiar with the mass line, it is all for the people and rely on the people. What should we do if the Party, the regime, and the cadres? It is to serve the people. If it is for individuals and for small groups, then what is the difference between it and the Kuomintang? In the past revolutionary war period, we engaged in underground struggles and base struggles. If we were not closely connected with the people, we would suffer setbacks and lose our heads. Now our party has won and obtained power, and some comrades have become bureaucrats and masters of the people without knowing it. They forgot that they are the people's servants, forgot to get along with the masses, and forgot to rely on the masses to do things.The formation of privilege means not treating yourself as a member of the people, not as a servant of the people, but as a master of the masses. If this problem is not solved, it will not only cause us to be separated from the people, but will also ruin some cadres, party members, and even the revolution. ”
◆In 1962, Peng Zhen was in Shanxi.
1990, Peng Zhen pointed out: "Over the years, our party's traditional mass line has been weakened. The mass line is to do everything for the masses, rely on the masses, come from the masses, go to the masses, concentrate, persevere, discuss with the masses seriously and patiently when there is something to do, and rely on the masses to do it consciously and voluntarily. After we came to power, this aspect has been weakened consciously or unconsciously relaxed, more from top to bottom, less from bottom to top; some things should be done, but they have not discussed them well with the masses. "
In April of that year, Peng Zhen wrote a banner in Yuquan Mountain to his original secretary, writing the 14 big words "Everything is for the masses, believe in the masses, and rely on the masses", and using teaching, encouragement and urging the secretary to be a good servant of the people.
"Chairman Mao's historical achievements cannot be denied, Mao Zedong Thought will always be a pointer for our party's work"
In the face of major issues, Peng Zhen can always start from reality, seek truth from facts, and look at problems dialectically, objectively and scientifically, especially when dealing with Mao Zedong Thought and Comrade Mao Zedong.
In Yan'an, Mao Zedong studied philosophy and war science and focused his philosophy on clarifying the basic theoretical issues of Marxist philosophy, and gradually wrote " Practice Theory of " and " Contradiction Theory of ". Peng Zhen also said that Marxist philosophy He was very interested. Based on the experience and lessons of the Chinese revolution and his own experience, he believed that the Marxist philosophy illuminated by Mao Zedong was relatively popular, simple, clear and profound, and had great guiding significance. From then on, he came to a conclusion: Mao Zedong was the well-deserved leader of the Communist Party of China. He formally used the name "Peng Zhen". He said that this was the meaning of "Peng Zhen and the revolutionary truth represented by Mao Zedong", which shows his respect for Mao Zedong.
◆From 1966 to 1975, Peng Zhen always insisted on studying Marxist-Leninism classic works and historical books.
Peng Zhen was the leader of the party and the state who was defeated since the "Cultural Revolution". In 1966, the issuance of the "May 16 Notice" was the beginning of his distress. Peng Zhen later said: "The 'May 16 Notice' was tortured by me, but I still raised my hand. I felt that the Chairman was still right at that time. Later I was locked in prison and repeatedly thought, I did a good job. I think the Communist Party and Chairman Mao will come to me one day. These things have happened in history, and those who are wrong will be rehabilitated! "
After Peng Zhen resumed his work, from April 5 to 28, 1979, at the Central Working Conference held by Jingxi Hotel , many comrades thought that he would talk about Mao Zedong's mistakes because his grievances were too deep. But Peng Zhen clearly stated that at this time, we must scientifically, comprehensively and accurately understand and evaluate Mao Zedong and Mao Zedong Thought, and we must hold high the great banner of Mao Zedong Thought.
In fact, Peng Zhen never used his personal experience as the criterion for judging right and wrong. He once said in an interview with reporters: "Without Chairman Mao, we would not have established People's Republic of China in 1949. Comrade Mao Zedong is our leader, and we must take Comrade Mao Zedong comprehensively. In my mind, Comrade Mao Zedong will always be our chairman. ”
According to Secretary Peng Zhen’s recollection: One day, the secretary reported to him that some comrades had some comments on his evaluation of Mao Zedong and Mao Zedong Thought.
Secretary said: “Some comrades reported that you were so miserable in the ‘Cultural Revolution’ and highly praised Chairman Mao and Mao Zedong Thought after your comeback, which made people feel incomprehensible. Why do you have to do this? ”
Peng Zhen said: “You can’t look at the problem like this.Yes, I lost my freedom for more than twelve years, was imprisoned and imprisoned for nine years, and was exiled for more than three years. Personally, I'm so happy? Am I not angry? But to sum up the lessons, it is not only a personal issue, but the lessons are much deeper. As a Communist Party member, the first thing you need to consider is the future and destiny of the Party and the country. What flag will we raise in the future? I think that only the banner of Mao Zedong Thought can unite the whole Party and the people of the whole country. The Mao Zedong Thought we are talking about is what the Seventh National Congress talks about, which combines the universal truth of Marxism-Leninism with the specific practice of the Chinese revolution, and uses Marxist standpoints, views and methods to solve China's problems. Can this flag be lost? Can't be thrown away! If this flag is lost, it will inevitably cause chaos. ”
◆On October 1, 1954, Peng Zhen accompanied Mao Zedong to inspect the Tiananmen Gate Tower.
Secretary recalled: In early 1980, one day when talking about his personality cult to Mao Zedong, Peng Zhen said: "Holding high the banner of Mao Zedong Thought and his personality cult to Chairman Mao are different things. The flag is the direction, and you must raise it; if you throw this flag away, you will lose your direction, and the party and the people will be confused. What's the point? Personality worship is not a good thing. It not only misleads the party and the country, but also may push the object of worship to the opposite side. However, we must also look at personality cults historically. When talking about the personality cult of Chairman Mao, we cannot count all the accounts on Chairman Mao. We are all responsible; if you ask yourself, I am not a blind superstitious person, but I just admire Chairman Mao. For example, when something comes, if the Chairman and Shaoqi or the Prime Minister have different opinions, I naturally agree with the Chairman's opinion; if Shaoqi and the Prime Minister have different opinions, it is not certain. In this matter, I may agree with Shaoqi's opinion, and in that matter, I may agree with the Prime Minister's opinion. Why does it have such a mentality? This is because, at several major junctures in the history of the Party, most people disagree with Chairman Mao’s opinion at the beginning. He is isolated, but the final facts prove that he is correct. He is smart, he stands high and sees far. In this way, his personality cult is gradually formed, and I am no exception. "
History of the Party's History of the Third Plenary Session of the Eleventh Central Committee, Peng Zhen said clearly: "Chairman Mao's historical achievements cannot be denied, and Mao Zedong Thought will always be the guide to our party's work. Chairman Mao’s life was great, and he enjoyed a lofty prestige in the hearts of our people. Our country and such a big political party cannot do without a single flag. ”
In the mid-to-late 1980s, facing the liberalization trend of some people in society who completely deny Mao Zedong and Mao Zedong Thought, Peng Zhen pointed out clearly: “Comrade Mao Zedong should be viewed comprehensively. The so-called comprehensive means the comprehensiveness of history, the comprehensiveness of present and the comprehensiveness of future. ”
In June 1991, when talking with the person in charge of the Yan'an Spirit Research Association of China, Peng Zhen once again emphasized with a far-sighted view: "We must always hold high the banner of Marxism-Leninism and Mao Zedong Thought, adhere to the socialist path and position, and bravely run towards a communist society. Never forget that our revolutionary achievements today were exchanged for the bloody sacrifice of 20 million martyrs. We must take responsibility and must do our business well. "
" Everyone is equal before the law of . is an ideological weapon against anyone's privilege."
When discussing the political and legal work of New China, Peng Zhen clearly pointed out: "Everyone is equal before the law is a slogan of all our people, all Communist Party members and revolutionary cadres, and an ideological weapon against anyone's privilege. Communist Party members and revolutionary cadres have the obligation to take the lead and exemplary in complying with the law before the law, and have no privileges that they can not abide by the law. For those who commit crimes, no matter how old they are, how high their status, or how much credit they make, they cannot be condoned or covered up, and they should be punished according to law.”
◆In June 1979, Peng Zhen discussed seven draft laws with Beijing representatives attending the fifth National People's Congress Second Session.
The founding of New China especially after entering the period of large-scale socialist economic construction, Peng Zhen believed that in order to adapt to this historic transformation, the legal system must be built. Setting it on the agenda of the Party and the country. He pointed out that the main way of struggle during the revolutionary war was military struggle and mass struggle. At that time, we could only act according to the Party’s policies. The powers in the base areas also had some laws, but they were limited and simple. Now, the social reform movement to completely eliminate the remnants of the three major enemies has basically ended. In the future, the legal system must be strengthened and the laws must be complete to ensure the smooth progress of the socialist construction of . One of the important tasks of the country at present is to formulate laws. In order to strengthen the construction of the legal system, he personally established the Legal work. After the end of the "Cultural Revolution", from February 1979 to March 1988, under the leadership of Peng Zhen, the legislative work has made remarkable progress worldwide. Our country not only formulated a good constitution, but also formulated a series of basic laws in criminal, civil, litigation procedures and state institutions, as well as a number of important economic and administrative laws, and initially formed a socialist legal system with Chinese characteristics with the Constitution as the core. In the main aspects of political, economic and social life, our country has basically achieved the situation where there is law to be followed, and the situation that cannot be followed in the past There have been fundamental changes.
Peng Zhen emphasized that legislative work should start from China's reality, solve practical problems, and test it with our social practice. He always said that legislation should absorb good things that are useful to us in ancient and modern times, and emancipate the mind. Hundred Schools of Thoughts contend with , but it must be based on China's reality. Based on my country's practical experience, the foundation is the reality of the country. Therefore, legislation must conduct good investigations and research, especially for major and controversial issues, which require sufficient investigation and research. Peng Zhenqiang The legislation should be based on the greatest interests of the most people, and there should be workers and farmers in mind, facing them and for them. On the basis of the consistency of the fundamental interests of the people, there will be contradictions between people. The relevant legislation is to draw a boundary for reasonable resolution of these contradictions as a criterion, and to draw a magnitude on the focus of the contradiction. The contradictions arise in the social and economic life of units and individuals must be resolved on the premise that they do not conflict with the constitution and the fundamental interests of the people of all ethnic groups, and they must be based on the greatest interests of the most people.
◆In November 1982, Peng Zhen presided over the fourth plenary meeting of the Constitutional Amendment Committee and delivered a speech.
Peng Zhen repeatedly said that the Party leads the people to formulate the Constitution and laws, the Party also leads the people to abide by and implement the Constitution and laws, and the Party must also act within the scope of the Constitution and laws. This is the conclusion drawn after ten years of civil unrest. Party Constitution stipulates this, and the Constitution also stipulates this. This solves the problems that our country did not have or did not clearly resolve in the past, and solves the key issues of socialist democracy and socialist legal system, which is of epoch-making significance. In response to the question of whether it is the Legal Congress or the Party Committee and which head is raised, Peng Zhen said that our law is the standardization of the Party and the country's policies and policies. It is formulated by the Party's leadership, and was reviewed and approved by the National People's Congress and its Standing Committee in accordance with legal procedures. It represents the will and interests of the Party and the people of the whole country. Party members obey the Law Law means obeying the leadership of the Party, and obeying the people of the whole country. Adhere to the leadership of the Party, obey the will of the people, and strictly act in accordance with the law. The three are consistent and unified. The Party Committee should put ensuring the implementation of law on the agenda of the Party Committee, inspect and supervise administrative organs to administer according to law and act in accordance with the law, and judicial organs to handle cases in accordance with the law, especially resolutely correct illegal acts, which is of decisive significance for ensuring the implementation of the law.
Citizens are equal before the law, which is a basic principle to ensure the implementation of the law.Peng Zhen made a profound explanation of this principle as early as 1954 in his speech at the first session of the first National People's Congress of . The 1982 Constitution restored the provisions of the 1954 Constitution on equality of citizens before the law. Peng Zhen repeatedly emphasized that no matter how old a person is, how high his status, or how great his contribution is, he cannot be condoned or sheltered, and should be punished according to law. The procuratorate exercises procuratorial power independently in accordance with the law, and the court conducts trials independently in accordance with the law, only obeys the law, and takes facts as the basis and the law as the criterion. No matter who you are, you must obey the law and do not recognize that anyone has any privileges before the law. In 1980, Peng Zhen served as the director of the "Two Cases" Trial Steering Committee. In leading the trial of the two counter-revolutionary groups Lin Biao and Jiang Qing, he proposed that it is necessary to strictly draw the boundary between crime and non-crime, and draw the boundary between the wrong line and the crimes of the counter-revolutionary groups of Lin Biao and Jiang Qing. The special court only tried the crimes of Lin Biao and Jiang Qing's counter-revolutionary group, did not try the wrong line, and did not solve the problems of party discipline, military discipline, and political discipline. Anyone who makes mistakes in the party’s line will not be sentenced. We must take facts as the basis and the law as the criterion, focus on investigation and research, and focus on evidence, thoroughly investigate the crimes of Lin Biao and Jiang Qing Group, and conduct trials strictly in accordance with statutory procedures. This world-renowned trial has set a historic example of our party and country handling cases seriously in accordance with the law and can withstand the test of history.
This article is original " Party History Bo Cai "
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