889 On July 15, Song Ailing was born in Kunshan, Jiangsu. His father, Song Jiashu, was originally a missionary in the Supervisory Council, and later gave up his missionary work and did business; his mother was Ni Guizhen . The parents have three sons and three daughters. Song Ailing is the eldest, and the other children are in the following order: second daughter Soong Ching Ling , eldest son Soong ziwen , third daughter Soong Mei-ling , second son ziliang, third son Soong zian .
Song Ailing
1904 On May 28, that is, when he was 14 years old, he arrived in the United States and entered the Wisrian Women's College in Macon, Georgia. After graduation in 1910, he returned to China and served as Sun Yat-sen's secretary. He went to surveys across the country with Sun Yat-sen and participated in the formulation of a plan to build a 200,000-mile railway. After the failure of the "Second Revolution", he followed his father to Japan and remained as Sun Yat-sen's secretary. In 1914, he married Kong Xiangxi in Yokohama, Japan. The following year, he returned to China and operated a family business in Shanxi and presided over Mingxian School affairs.
1 July 22, 2019, under the initiative of He Xiangning, Soong Ching Ling and others, they contacted Song Ailing, Yu Fengzhi , etc., and established the China Women's Anti-Enemy Support Association in Shanghai, calling on women to go to the national crisis together. During the War of Resistance Against Japanese Aggression, he participated in anti-Japanese activities with Mei Qingling and Meiling, participated in and supported China Industrial Cooperation Association , organized the Women's Steering Committee, founded the National Children's Welfare Association, and served as the president of the Hong Kong "Friends of the Wounded Soldiers Association".
947 moved to the United States to settle down. On October 20, 1973, he died of cancer in New York Presbyterian Hospital, and lived at 84 years old. He was buried in Fengkelifu High-level Indoor Cemetery in the suburbs of New York.
evaluation
Xu Jiahan said: " Chiang Kai-shek , Song Ziwen and Kong Xiangxi had internal frictions. When there was a big fight, only her, the elder sister, could come forward to arbitrate and resolve the issue. She lived in seclusion on weekdays, and did not like Soong Mei-ling liked to show up in public. However, her power can directly affect national affairs, and even Chiang Kai-shek made her three points when encountering problems. . "Cheng Kai-shek's nephew Jiang Xiaozhen once told the head of the Military Control Commission Dai Li: "The only one who is the sick of the commission is Song (Meiling) can cure the wife's disease; only one who is Kong (Ailing) can cure the disease; no one can cure the disease of Kong (Cong's family corruption). " " New York Times " described her: "A interesting and predatory resident in this world passed away yesterday in a silent atmosphere. This is a woman who has made great achievements in finance, and is one of the few people in the world who rely on her own The richest woman who is smart and makes money is the matchmaker who introduced Soong Mei-ling and Chiang Kai-shek to marry. She is the creator of the Song family myth and the designer who put the Song family dynasty in power. "
Kong Xiangxi (September 11, 1880 - August 16, 1967), the word Yongzhi , number Ziyuan , male, Shanxi Taigu , ancestral home Shandong Qufu , Administrative President of the Nanjing National Government of the Republic of China , and Minister of Finance , banker, wealthy businessman, Confucius The 75th generation grandson. His wife is Song Ailing ; she has formed in-laws with Song Ziwen , Chiang Kai-shek , and Sun Yat-sen. Kong Xiangxi has long been in charge of the National Government's finances, and his main political achievements include reforming the Chinese currency system, building the Bank of China system, and increasing the state's control over the capital market , etc.
Kong Xiangxi
Family
Father Kong Fanci (1861-1911) is a tribute student who makes a living by teaching.
, 1880, Kong Xiangxi was born in Taigu County, Shanxi. Kong Xiangxi studied with his father before he was 10 years old.
889, Kong Xiangxi suffered from cholesterol (mumps), and the treatment with traditional Chinese medicine was ineffective, so he turned to seek help from the Western medicine opened by Christian missionaries.
890, Kong Xiangxi entered Huamei Primary School run by the church. After graduating from elementary school in 1894, he went to the "Luhe Academy" opened by the Congregational Council of North China in Tongzhou, Zhili to study, and was baptized and became a believer.
The age of twentieth
900, the Boxer Movement broke out, and the 20-year-old Kong Xiangxi temporarily returned to his hometown. But under the instigation of the Shanxi Governor Yuxian, the Boxer Rebellion burned the church and massacred the religious people.Missions and believers who were originally in Taigu County were killed. Kong Xiangxi and his family relied on the shelter of their fellow villagers before they escaped. After the Boxer Rebellion was suppressed, Kong Xiangxi assisted the followers of the church and contacted and helped the church carry out subsequent aftermath work. Congregational appreciated Kong's performance very much, so he decided to send him to study in the United States.
905, Kong Xiangxi graduated from Oberlin College in Ohio, and then entered Yale University , majoring in mineralogy.
returned home from school
907 and obtained a master's degree. In the same year, he returned to China and founded Mingxian School with the assistance of the Congregational Church with the help of his hometown Taigu County. The school includes primary and secondary schools, and Kong Xiangxi serves as the principal, and some subjects are taught by Congregational Missionaries.
1908, 29-year-old Kong Xiangxi and his female classmate Han Yumei who was studying in Luhe Academy became husband and wife. Unexpectedly, four years later, Han Yumei died of tuberculosis and was less than 30 years old when she died, and the two had no children.
to get rich through running schools and doing business
1 The Xinhai Revolution broke out. Kong Xiangxi mobilized the merchant gang and Mingxian Academy students from Taigu County to form the militia gang to be responsible for local order. He was later elected as the commander-in-chief of the Shanxi Central Road Civil Army. He was resigned from office after North-South and South-South negotiations.
Kong Xiangxi was doing business at the same time when he was running education. In 1912, he obtained the exclusive agency rights of the Shell turtle oil company in Shanxi, and operated the kerosene transaction. At that time, Shanxi residents mostly used lamp oil to illuminate. In order to make kerosene enter the market, Kong issued a discount on buying kerosene and giving kerosene lamps. Local people rushed to buy it, which made a lot of profits.
913, Kong Xiangxi was invited to Japan to serve as the Director-General of the "Year Plan for Chinese Education in Japan". During his time in Tokyo, he raised funds for Sun Yat-sen's Chinese Revolutionary Party; he also processed documents for Sun Yat-sen, and met Song Ailing, then the English secretary of Sun Yat-sen.
914, Kong Xiangxi and Song Ailing married in Yokohama, Japan. Kong Xiangxi is 9 years older than Song Ailing.
915, Kong Xiangxi and his wife returned to Shanxi, and Kong Xiangxi continued to do business and run education. Later, he was appointed as the senator by Yan Xishan, the governor of Shanxi and governor of .
923, he was invited to serve as the representative of China-Russia negotiations in Fengtian , and contacted the northern generals for Sun Yat-sen. He met with Feng Yuxiang and brought him political works such as " National Founding Outline ".
1925, Sun Yat-sen died in Beijing, and Kong Xiangxi was one of the witnesses of the Prime Minister's will.
926, Kong Xiangxi went to the United States to raise funds for the university department of Mingxian Academy and received an honorary doctorate degree donated by Oberlin College.
in politics
1926, Kong Xiangxi returned to Guangzhou and served as the Minister of Finance of the National Government of Guangdong Province, and also managed the rear finance. In 1927, after Chiang Kai-shek pacified the party in Shanghai, Kong Xiangxi assisted Chiang Kai-shek to win over all forces in Shanghai. In 1928, Kong Xiangxi was appointed Minister of Industry and Commerce of the Nanjing National Government. In 1930, it was changed to the Minister of Industry of the National Government.
931 31 , Chiang Kai-shek resigned as Chairman of the National Government, and Kong Xiangxi also resigned at the same time.
932, he was ordered to inspect Europe and the United States, and secretly purchased weapons from the German and Italian Kingdoms.
1 On April 6, 1933, after returning to China, Kong Xiangxi was appointed as the president of Central Bank .
936 Xi'an Incident , Kong Xiangxi insisted on a peaceful resolution. After the War of Resistance Against Japan began, Kong Geng once served as the Executive Director. In the early days of the War of Resistance Against Japan, all walks of life had no big complaints about Confucius' fiscal policy; but in the late days of the War of Resistance Against Japan, the people were very dissatisfied with Kong Xiangxi and his family being both officials and businessmen, using power to speculate and develop private capital. Americans also noticed the abnormal method of making money by the Kong family.
937, Kong Xiangxi served as Vice President and Minister of Finance of the Executive Yuan, represented the government to attend the coronation ceremony of the British King, and went to European countries to inspect the current economic situation. In July 1944, he participated in the Bretton Woods Conference as a representative of China.
in his later years
944, at the National Political Consultative Conference, Fu Sinian attacked the Executive Yuan President Kong Xiangxi, exposing his corruption and fraud in issuing US public bonds. Soon, Kong was removed from the position of finance minister. In 1945, Kong Ai resigned as Vice President of the Executive Yuan and President of the Central Bank. In 1947, he went to the United States to settle down on the grounds that Song Ailing was seriously ill. In 1948, he resigned as the last chairman of the Bank of China and was hired by Chiang Kai-shek as the first batch of presidential administrations. After 1962, he went to Taiwan to stay temporarily. According to Zhou Hongtao's memoirs, he intended to arrange his eldest son Kong Lingkan to serve as Minister of Finance.
1965 October 27, Jiang Ching-kuo letter from Soong Mei-ling:
"The health of my uncle is not serious, so it has not been reported. According to Xiong Medical Officer, please do not be suspenseful and will keep in touch with the doctor often."
passed away
1967 On August 15, 67, Kong Xiangxi died of a heart attack in New York. Chiang Kai-shek published a memorial to " Kong Yongzhi Mr. 2" and sent Soong Mei-ling and Jiang Wei-kuo to lead a five-person honor guard to take a special plane to the United States to attend the funeral. Taipei officials also held a grand memorial service and were buried in the Fincliff Cemetery in New York.
children:
- eldest daughter Kong Lingyi
- eldest son Kong Lingkan
- second daughter Kong Lingjun (also known as Kong Lingwei )
- second son Kong Lingjie
905, Kong Xiangxi graduated from Oberlin College in Ohio, and then entered Yale University , majoring in mineralogy.
returned home from school
907 and obtained a master's degree. In the same year, he returned to China and founded Mingxian School with the assistance of the Congregational Church with the help of his hometown Taigu County. The school includes primary and secondary schools, and Kong Xiangxi serves as the principal, and some subjects are taught by Congregational Missionaries.
1908, 29-year-old Kong Xiangxi and his female classmate Han Yumei who was studying in Luhe Academy became husband and wife. Unexpectedly, four years later, Han Yumei died of tuberculosis and was less than 30 years old when she died, and the two had no children.
to get rich through running schools and doing business
1 The Xinhai Revolution broke out. Kong Xiangxi mobilized the merchant gang and Mingxian Academy students from Taigu County to form the militia gang to be responsible for local order. He was later elected as the commander-in-chief of the Shanxi Central Road Civil Army. He was resigned from office after North-South and South-South negotiations.
Kong Xiangxi was doing business at the same time when he was running education. In 1912, he obtained the exclusive agency rights of the Shell turtle oil company in Shanxi, and operated the kerosene transaction. At that time, Shanxi residents mostly used lamp oil to illuminate. In order to make kerosene enter the market, Kong issued a discount on buying kerosene and giving kerosene lamps. Local people rushed to buy it, which made a lot of profits.
913, Kong Xiangxi was invited to Japan to serve as the Director-General of the "Year Plan for Chinese Education in Japan". During his time in Tokyo, he raised funds for Sun Yat-sen's Chinese Revolutionary Party; he also processed documents for Sun Yat-sen, and met Song Ailing, then the English secretary of Sun Yat-sen.
914, Kong Xiangxi and Song Ailing married in Yokohama, Japan. Kong Xiangxi is 9 years older than Song Ailing.
915, Kong Xiangxi and his wife returned to Shanxi, and Kong Xiangxi continued to do business and run education. Later, he was appointed as the senator by Yan Xishan, the governor of Shanxi and governor of .
923, he was invited to serve as the representative of China-Russia negotiations in Fengtian , and contacted the northern generals for Sun Yat-sen. He met with Feng Yuxiang and brought him political works such as " National Founding Outline ".
1925, Sun Yat-sen died in Beijing, and Kong Xiangxi was one of the witnesses of the Prime Minister's will.
926, Kong Xiangxi went to the United States to raise funds for the university department of Mingxian Academy and received an honorary doctorate degree donated by Oberlin College.
in politics
1926, Kong Xiangxi returned to Guangzhou and served as the Minister of Finance of the National Government of Guangdong Province, and also managed the rear finance. In 1927, after Chiang Kai-shek pacified the party in Shanghai, Kong Xiangxi assisted Chiang Kai-shek to win over all forces in Shanghai. In 1928, Kong Xiangxi was appointed Minister of Industry and Commerce of the Nanjing National Government. In 1930, it was changed to the Minister of Industry of the National Government.
931 31 , Chiang Kai-shek resigned as Chairman of the National Government, and Kong Xiangxi also resigned at the same time.
932, he was ordered to inspect Europe and the United States, and secretly purchased weapons from the German and Italian Kingdoms.
1 On April 6, 1933, after returning to China, Kong Xiangxi was appointed as the president of Central Bank .
936 Xi'an Incident , Kong Xiangxi insisted on a peaceful resolution. After the War of Resistance Against Japan began, Kong Geng once served as the Executive Director. In the early days of the War of Resistance Against Japan, all walks of life had no big complaints about Confucius' fiscal policy; but in the late days of the War of Resistance Against Japan, the people were very dissatisfied with Kong Xiangxi and his family being both officials and businessmen, using power to speculate and develop private capital. Americans also noticed the abnormal method of making money by the Kong family.
937, Kong Xiangxi served as Vice President and Minister of Finance of the Executive Yuan, represented the government to attend the coronation ceremony of the British King, and went to European countries to inspect the current economic situation. In July 1944, he participated in the Bretton Woods Conference as a representative of China.
in his later years
944, at the National Political Consultative Conference, Fu Sinian attacked the Executive Yuan President Kong Xiangxi, exposing his corruption and fraud in issuing US public bonds. Soon, Kong was removed from the position of finance minister. In 1945, Kong Ai resigned as Vice President of the Executive Yuan and President of the Central Bank. In 1947, he went to the United States to settle down on the grounds that Song Ailing was seriously ill. In 1948, he resigned as the last chairman of the Bank of China and was hired by Chiang Kai-shek as the first batch of presidential administrations. After 1962, he went to Taiwan to stay temporarily. According to Zhou Hongtao's memoirs, he intended to arrange his eldest son Kong Lingkan to serve as Minister of Finance.
1965 October 27, Jiang Ching-kuo letter from Soong Mei-ling:
"The health of my uncle is not serious, so it has not been reported. According to Xiong Medical Officer, please do not be suspenseful and will keep in touch with the doctor often."
passed away
1967 On August 15, 67, Kong Xiangxi died of a heart attack in New York. Chiang Kai-shek published a memorial to " Kong Yongzhi Mr. 2" and sent Soong Mei-ling and Jiang Wei-kuo to lead a five-person honor guard to take a special plane to the United States to attend the funeral. Taipei officials also held a grand memorial service and were buried in the Fincliff Cemetery in New York.
children:
- eldest daughter Kong Lingyi
- eldest son Kong Lingkan
- second daughter Kong Lingjun (also known as Kong Lingwei )
- second son Kong Lingjie
