text | Zhang Rongqi
In the TV series " Dog Beat Stick ", there is a superstitious folk armed force composed of beggars and refugees. They robbed their families, performed chivalrously and fought against the government. When the Japanese invaded and the national crisis was in the face of national crisis, with the guidance and help of the underground organizations of the Communist Party, they transformed into the Rehe Anti-Japanese Volunteer Army Pole Gang Brigade and rushed to the battlefield to become a powerful force for the fight against Japan and the country. This story is not a legend. During the Anti-Japanese War, there were many such typical examples in our Yantai local area. Among them, the anti-Japanese sword meeting of Qixia is a living example.
Big Sword Club was originally a superstitious organization that was unique to each other
As early as the end of the 19th century, influenced by the "Taiping Heavenly Kingdom" and " Boxer ", civilian armed forces such as Mou (Ping), Qi (Xia), Fu (Shan), and Hai (Yang) were born on the borders of Jiaodong Peninsula, including the Big Sword Spears, etc., with the Big Sword spears as weapons. They often wrap their heads with green cloth, wrap their waists with ribbons, teach spells, be superstitious and invulnerable, worship Buddha and gods, burn incense in temples, and be chivalrous and righteous, and wander in the village. Because they are armed with big swords and spears, they are collectively called the "Big Sword Club".
Before the outbreak of the Anti-Japanese War in 1937, the Dadao Association organized three places across the eastern part of Qixia. They each had the same style, but they had contact with the congregations at the junction of Mouping, Fushan, and Haiyang, and other counties, with great momentum.
Once, the local bandit leader Li led the bandits out to rob, and was surrounded and intercepted by the Red Gun Club, Dadao Club in Mouping and the Red Gun Club in Sanzhaojian (Yatong), Hedong, Kangjia, Quanli and other villages north of Taocun Village in Qixia. He got into the "Yuanxinglou" hotel in Taocun and resisted stubbornly. More than a thousand people from the Big Sword Society and the Red Gun Society surrounded the "Yuanxing Tower". When they could not capture it for a long time, they set fire downstairs. The bandits fled in a hurry. Except for the bandit leader and small groups of bandits who escaped by chance, the rest were all annihilated or captured alive, which was a major harm for the people. The Red Gun Society and the Big Sword Society were so powerful that the local warlords and bandits were afraid of it. After the July 7 Incident , the calls for anti-Japanese and national salvation spread across the country. Under the leadership of the Jiaodong Special Committee, the Wendengtian Fushan Uprising was successfully held on December 24, 1937, and the Third Army of the Shandong Anti-Japanese and National Salvation Army (hereinafter referred to as the "Three Armies") was established. On February 13, 1938, under the command of Li Qi, Secretary of the Jiaodong Special Committee and Commander of the Third Army, the first shot of the Lei Shen Temple in Jiaodong Anti-Japanese War was fired.
swore to save the country and established the Anti-Japanese Sword Association
Due to the situation of the Anti-Japanese War, young people who studied in middle schools or township teachers in Yantai, Wendeng, Qingdao , Qingzhou and other places went back to their hometowns to participate in the Anti-Japanese National Salvation Movement . In the Dadaohui, the most active area in the eastern part of Qixia, there are more than 10 progressive students represented by He Binghao and Sun Jiali. They connected each other and reached consensus, and separately contacted and mobilized local youths who were out of school, primary school teachers, boxing masters, hunters who could shoot guns and other knowledgeable people, and organized members of the "People's First" (abbreviated as the "Pilgrimage of the Chinese National Liberation Pioneer") who returned to their hometowns in various places, as backbone forces, and organized a self-defense group to carry out anti-Japanese and national salvation publicity and education for farmers.
In early 1938, the "Qingqi Association" headed by Duan Xuexiang in the Mouping area was used by Miao Zhankui of the Kuomintang army. This has had an extremely adverse impact on the anti-Japanese struggle of Jiaodong . At the same time, under the unified command of the Jiaodong Special Committee, the Third Army took advantage of the victory of the Lei Shen Temple Battle and advanced westward in four directions, promoting and developing anti-Japanese armed forces along the way. Yu Deshui, the captain of the Second Brigade of the Three Army, and Li Bingling, political commissar, led a team to visit the Tiekou and Taocun in Qixia in advance. They soon learned about the local big sword association and He Binghao's organization of anti-Japanese forces with "civilian first" as the backbone.
Li Bingling and He Binghao are not only classmates at the Zhifu Middle School in Yantai, but also the organizer and backbone of the "Reading Club" of the Student Progress Organization. The "People's First" organization has long made them like-minded comrades-in-arms. When they meet here, they are even more happy from the sky. Li Bingling told He Binghao: Jiaodong "Minxian" corps headquarters has been established and wrote a letter to ask He Binghao to go to contact the relationship.He Binghao soon joined Lin Hujia, Liu Zhonghua, Li Qingzhi and Liang Jiqing in Dabaima Village, Tiekou Township. In view of the achievements of local anti-Japanese work, the representative organization announced to He Binghao: "When you go back, you will immediately establish the "Minist-first" Qixia County Team Headquarters, and you will serve as the captain. In a few days, the official seal will be engraved and taken away." At the same time, he arranged the work of establishing the party in , and introduced him to participate in Communist Party , and gave him a registration form.
After the successful completion of the "Minxian" county team headquarters, it was between March and April 1938. In April, under the leadership of the Jiaodong Special Committee, Liang Jiqing arranged to establish the Qixia Special Branch of the Communist Party of China, with He Binghao as the branch secretary, Tang Wenshan as the organization committee member, and Chang Deshan (Chang Qile) as the publicity committee member. In order to strengthen the anti-Japanese team, after the special branch was established, it immediately devoted itself to the organizational leadership of developing local armed forces and carrying out anti-Japanese struggle. He Binghao, Tang Wenshan, Hu Biao, Sun Jiali, Chang Qile and others launched a big sword meeting in Taocun, Tiekou, Dazhuangtou and other places near Yashan . After more than two months of hard work, the Red Gun Club in Eshan Village and Zhaojiazhuang, the Qingqi Club in Heya, Santiaojian, Qingxiangkou, Kangjia, Li Laopu, Yudu, the White Flag Club in Taocun, Moujiazhuang, Jingzibu, Xiaolingfang, Dongqu (Phoenix Village), Quliujia, Fuzhuang (Xiaozhuang), Xujia, and the "White Lotus Sect" around Dazhuangtou.
Sun Jiali was a teacher in Xujia Village at that time. She was a gentle teacher during the day. At night, she traveled around the streets and alleys to secretly develop the "people's first" and Communist Party members, organized Huangqi members to gather, and made the anti-Japanese work in the Xujia and Gu area in the northeast corner of Qixia prosperous. By May, mainly Huangqi Association, the Dadao Association was established with various associations, and He Binghao was elected as the president of the Dadao Association. A team of nearly 10,000 people quickly formed, leading the peasant team with strong superstitious colors to the road of anti-Japanese and saving the country.
In mid-July, He Binghao, Sun Jiali and others led more than 5,000 members of the Dashu Association gathered at the Quanshan Temple in Zhenquanshan between Zhanggezhuang, Fushan County and Yaogu Village, Qixia County to burn incense and sworn, and vowed to fight against Japan and save the country. The flags of each association of the Big Sword Association were waving in the wind in front of Zhenquan Mountain. The five thousand congregations were led by the presidents of the various associations, and they were proud and proud, and they lined up to swear to establish the Big Sword Association of Anti-Japanese and National Saving. The oath of "We have formed an alliance to drive away foreign captives, fight against Japan and never regret..." echoed in the air. When the congregation was full of ambitions and full of energy, the special branch mobilized 150 Dadao members with "the people first" and Communist Party members as the backbone to join the three armies, and led the team to the Yangjia headquarters in Huangxian County to be assigned to the Yang family. Except for a few shaken people who were deported, the remaining 100 people were assigned to the Seventh and Sixth Detachments of the Anti-Japanese Guerrillas. Li Daguang, captain of the 7th Detachment, He Binghao, political commissar; Hu Biao, captain of the 6th Detachment, and political commissar Sun Jiali. The Seventh Detachment was affiliated with the Military Department and was later promoted to the 63rd Regiment and became the main force; the Sixth Detachment was a local guerrilla team, and at that time it carried out anti-Japanese activities on the borders of Penglai , Qixia and Fushan. The remaining members of the Big Sword are based on the local area, carry out guerrilla activities, and cooperate with the main forces to carry out anti-Japanese struggle. In order to expand the influence and create momentum, members of the Dadao Association often gather in teams, carry big swords on their backs and spears on their shoulders, and walk in neat and sonorous steps, traveling between villages and townships to carry out anti-Japanese propaganda.
Use the tactic of "surrounding Wei and save Zhao" to save Penglai
Jiaodong anti-Japanese armed forces flexibly use the tactic of "surrounding Wei and save Zhao" in the fight against aggression and anti-subursistence, and lifted the urgent need for the Penglai base to be siege.
On September 18, 1938, the Kuomintang entrenched in Qixia surrendered and sent Cai Jinkang's troops to take advantage of the three armies to be trained and reorganized in Shahe Town, Ye County (the three armies were reorganized into the Fifth Detachment of the Shandong Column of the Eighth Route Army), and more than 3,000 people including Xu Shuming's troops, Fushan Chen Yu's troops and Qin Yutang's troops in Mouping, besieged the Penglai base. Cai Jinkang's former headquarters stationed in Yashan area in Qixia was temporarily moved to the Daxindian Penglai to command, concentrating firepower to surround Penglai City, and Japanese aircraft cooperated in the air, attempting to use the method of removing firewood from the cauldron to kill the newly established Eighth Route Army Fifth Detachment in the cradle, achieving his long-term criminal purpose of occupying Jiaodong.
The situation is very critical. Part 1 of the 55th Regiment of the Fifth Regiment of the Fifth Detachment (the large force has moved to the Daze Mountains) and the party, government, military and civilians launched a arduous battle to defend the enemy. They fought for a month and have not yet repelled the invading enemy. In order to ensure the smooth progress of the training and relocation of the three armed forces and the Penglai Revolutionary Base, Wang Wen, then director of the Jiaodong District Administration and deputy political commissar of Jiaodong Military Region, met with military cadre Gao Song, the secretary of the Qixia County Party Committee, He Binghao, who controlled the Qixia County Party Committee 6th Detachment and Fushan 5th Detachment (temporarily under the command of the Qixia County Party Committee) and the Qixia Anti-Japanese Sword Association in detail. He learned about the stationing and disturbing the people in Qixia in Qixia, and agreed to learn from the method of "surrounding Wei and saving Zhao" to organize force to harass Cai Jinkang's Qixia base camp in order to save Penglai urgently.
After He Binghao was ordered, he led more than 10 people back to his hometown to organize the mobilization. Then Qixia 6 Detachment, Fushan 5 Detachment and Qixia Dasha Association attacked the rear of the Cai army separately, shaking the morale of the Cai army besieging Penglai. They first captured Zangjiazhuang , captured Sui (Cai Jinkang's cousin), the military chief of Cai's army alive, and seized more than 20 long and short guns, more than 10 war horses, and a banknote. Then, the 5th and 6th detachments and the Dadao Society (mainly the Baiqi Society) gathered more than a thousand troops. On October 22, the troops divided into two groups to attack Tao Village, the important remaining guard of Cai's troops, and fought day and night. The defending enemy was in panic all day long. Upon hearing the news, Cai Jinkang was probably taken to his nest and immediately transferred his troops back to aid. Penglai's urgent need was soon lifted. This battle example has become a good story in the history of the Anti-Japanese War in Jiaodong.
After retiring, He Binghao recalled: A few years ago, when I went to Beijing for a meeting, I saw Lin Yishan, and he asked me to write down my experience of launching a big sword to fight against Japan. He said that we have suffered losses from the Big Sword Association, but the Qixia Anti-Japanese Big Sword Association was successful, which should really leave a lot in the history of the Jiaodong Anti-Japanese War.
Reference materials: "Qixia Party History Materials" and other
Original title: Anti-Japanese Sword Meeting "surrounds Wei and saves Zhao"
Original text published on October 19, 2022 "Yantai Evening News-Yantai Street"
