The reason why China has such an open situation today is the most grateful for Comrade Deng Xiaoping, who made the major decision on reform and opening up in .
The reform and opening up advocated by Deng Xiaoping and the political concept of One country, two systems not only directly changed China in the late 20th century, but also influenced the world.
In the 1980s, he was also selected as the celebrity of the year by " Times ".
Deng Xiaoping is the chief designer of reform and opening up and China's modernization construction. The reason why he was able to make so many high-level decisions in politics and economy is mainly due to his unique experience in practice and visits.
Deng Xiaoping
978 marks the 30th anniversary of North Korea's National Day. In September of that year, Deng Xiaoping, on behalf of the Central Committee, led the Chinese Party and Government delegation to Pingyang to congratulate North Korea.
This visit is Deng Xiaoping's third time to go to North Korea. The North Korean people who have always had a good impression of China also welcomed the visits of Deng Xiaoping and others. Kim Il has become a sign of his importance and held several welcome meetings specifically.
After Deng Xiaoping met with Kim Il-sung, he discussed the current international situation. When the two talked about the gap between China and North Korea and developed countries in Europe and the United States, Deng Xiaoping also said: "The more you look at it, the more you feel that we are behind."
After Deng Xiaoping visited North Korea and returned to China, he immediately began to prepare for reform and opening up. So why did Deng Xiaoping reform and opening up? What did he talk about with Kim Il-sung?
Deng Xiaoping
The gap is huge and the pressure is huge
At that time, China was a newly established socialist country . We didn’t have much experience to learn from, so how should we take the road of our country? How should realize the great rejuvenation of the Chinese nation ? We have to rely on ourselves to explore this road to cross the river by feeling the stones, and we have a very difficult journey.
At that time, there was still a gap between China and European and American countries. In 1974, Premier Zhou Enlai was seriously ill and his physical condition no longer allowed him to continue to carry out high-load work. So Zhou Enlai handed over most of his diplomatic work to Deng Xiaoping, who had sufficient work experience, to handle it.
1974, Deng Xiaoping took on the main task of China's high-level foreign talks.
Deng Xiaoping and Premier Zhou’s growth trajectory overlaps, so his political and diplomatic vision also coincides with Premier Zhou. They both pay great attention to changes in the international situation and pay great attention to China’s positioning in the international stage.
Deng Xiaoping and Zhou Enlai
Deng Xiaoping in order to learn more from foreign countries and develop their own national strength, Deng Xiaoping held important talks with US Secretary of State Kissinger and US President Ford .
He used his personal charm to be unanimously recognized by two American senior officials, made great contributions to the development of Sino-US relations, and laid a good foundation for the friendly relations between China and the United States and China.
Although he has made many new attempts in diplomacy and politics, he has not received the ideal results.
During the process of overseas investigation, Deng Xiaoping deeply realized a very huge problem, that is, China cannot complete its revival by relying solely on politics.
At that time, China had a huge gap with Britain and the United States, whether in terms of industrial production capacity, technical level, or infrastructure construction and income gap. Deng Xiaoping knew that if the focus of reform and work was not focused on economy and production, China would not be able to complete its revival and leap.
Deng Xiaoping
Deng Xiaoping knows that The economic foundation determines the path of superstructure , so when he went to North Korea in 1978 and communicated with Kim Il-sung, he specifically talked about the development of the two countries.
When the two met, Deng Xiaoping revealed his thoughts to Kim Il-sung. He first introduced China's position on solving the Hong Kong issue to Kim Il-sung, and then talked about China's economic affairs. He said: "We went out to take a look recently. The more we looked at it, the more I felt that we were really behind."
Deng Xiaoping's sentence "The more you look at it, the more you lag behind" is not just a casual statement, but his true feelings are revealed.
1978 was a very special year for China. In this year, China set off a wave of overseas inspections. Central leaders, local cadres and entrepreneurs have embarked on the road to research abroad. As we understand Western developed countries more and more deeply, we are increasingly seeing our shortcomings and flaws.
Deng Xiaoping visited Myanmar, North Korea, Nepal , Japan, Singapore , Malaysia , Thailand and other countries in 1978 alone.
Deng Xiaoping
In 1978, when he met with a guest in the Japanese press, he said modestly: "China has achieved four modernizations, which is worthy of recognition, but we have not become rich. Our level is far inferior to your level."
When he visited the Nissan Automobile Factory in Kanagawa Prefecture, he saw Japan's advanced production technology. Through understanding, he found that Japan's labor productivity was more than ten times higher than that of the No. 1 Automobile Manufacturing Plant in Changchun, China. This gap made him particularly shocked. He said: "Now I understand what modernization is."
In 1979, when Deng Xiaoping visited the United States, he visited the Ford Automobile Factory and the Johnson Space Center of Hughes Company, and once again felt the gap between China and the United States' modernization.
This sense of backwardness brought by the gap made Deng Xiaoping feel stressed. So how should we shorten the economic and technological gap between China and Western developed countries? How should Chinese-style modernization be achieved? What kind of modernization should be achieved? Deng Xiaoping fell into confusion.
Deng Xiaoping
proposes a plan to optimize development
Deng Xiaoping's work efficiency is extremely high. After he proposed several concepts of Chinese-style modernization, he entered the field research. After more than a year of analysis and thinking, he gave the people the answer.
In December 1979, Japanese Prime Minister Masayoshi Ohira came to China for a state visit. Since Masayoshi Ohira was a famous expert on economic development strategy, Deng Xiaoping specifically asked him about Japan's development experience. Masayoshi Ohira asked Deng Xiaoping:
"You want to build China into a great socialist country. What will China look like in the future? How was China's modernization blueprint conceived?"
When he heard this question, Deng Xiaoping's expression suddenly became serious. After careful consideration, he expressed his summary experience and plan. He said:
"China wants to achieve four modernizations. These four modernization concepts are very different from the concept of Japan's modernization. Our goal is to achieve a well-off home."
Deng Xiaoping and Daping Zhengfang
This is the first time Deng Xiaoping mentioned the concept of a well-off society in public. Since then, a well-off society has become the direction of China's modernization efforts.
Deng Xiaoping said:
"China has too many populations. China imagines that it is not realistic to achieve an annual per capita income of 5,000 to 7,000 US dollars, like Britain and the United States. We should base ourselves on reality and shape a well-off society. China has had a saying that a well-off family has been said since ancient times. A well-off society means that it is not rich, but allows people to live a good life." .
He said that although this goal is set too low, it is also beneficial to be lower. Things are done little by little, and work must be done little by little.
According to Deng Xiaoping's idea, the 12th National Congress of the Communist Party of China officially proposed the strategic goal of quadrupled the national total annual output value of industry and agriculture and achieving a well-off level from 1981 to the end of the 20th century.
Deng Xiaoping
Deng Xiaoping, who has sufficient grassroots work experience, is very clear that it is not an easy thing to achieve the goal of doubling the total output value.
At that time, globalization was in full swing. It was absolutely impossible for China to achieve economic leap by relying solely on its own strength. China can only talk about development by going global. Therefore, Deng Xiaoping has repeatedly put forward the view of "refusing to keep the door closed" to staff.
On September 16, 1978, Deng Xiaoping said a serious sentence to him when listening to the report of the Standing Committee of the Jilin Provincial Committee of the Communist Party of China. He said:
"If we want to develop ourselves well, we must study hard. Our cadres should go abroad to see how others manage and how they develop.
We must learn from advanced experience to avoid detours. The world is changing every day, new things are constantly emerging, and new problems are constantly emerging. We are destined to lag behind when developing behind closed doors, which is not possible."
Deng Xiaoping
Two days later, he told the head of the Anshan Municipal Committee of the Communist Party of China:
"We must introduce advanced equipment, advanced business methods and advanced management methods, which must not only comply with economic laws, but also learn advanced experience.
In short, it is just a sentence. We must revolutionize, not improve, not repair, solve fundamental problems, and have a vision of opening up to the outside world." .
It is because Deng Xiaoping has a global concept and an advanced vision of opening up to the outside world that he has the courage to promote China's great cause of reform and opening up.
Reform and opening up
The road to opening up has a long way to go
0 At the end of 1979, he led the cadres and the people to embark on the road of reform and opening up. Deng Xiaoping said:
"Any nation and country must learn from the strengths of other nations and countries and learn from other people's science and technology. If we Chinese want to carry out reform and opening up, we must do it thoroughly and achieve results." .
After the central government made a major decision to implement reform and opening up in 1978, it immediately formulated relevant plans.
In 1979, the Party Central Committee established Shenzhen, Zhuhai, Xiamen and Shantou as municipal special economic zones, and provided many policy benefits for the opening up of Fujian and Guangdong provinces.
In 1984, the CPC Central Committee and the State Council further opened 14 port cities including Lianyungang , Nantong , Shanghai, Beihai, Zhanjiang , Wenzhou , Fuzhou, Guangzhou, Qinhuangdao , Dalian, Yantai , Qingdao , Tianjin, Ningbo , etc., providing a lot of support for the economic development and technological development of these 14 port cities.
Deng Xiaoping
1988, the central government established Hainan Special Economic Zone in Hainan, further expanding the process of China's reform, opening up and modernization.
Facts have proved that Deng Xiaoping's decision was very correct. China quickly established a comprehensive, multi-level and wide-field opening-up pattern from special economic zones to coastal open cities to coastal economic zones to mainland China. China's economy has also achieved rapid growth in a short period of time.
In 1990, the CPC Central Committee and the State Council learned from previous development experience and made the decision to open up Shanghai Pudong New Area, opening up a new situation for the cause of reform and opening up.
China's reform and opening up is not the reform and opening up of individual cities, nor the reform and opening up of individual fields, but the blooming of flowers, and the common reform and common opening up of various fields such as science, education and culture.
Shanghai
In order to narrow the gap between the rich and the poor, to achieve wealth first and then wealth, and to radiate to more cities, the Party Central Committee has carried out many major reforms in state-owned enterprise education, housing, taxation, etc.
The achievements made by China's reform and opening up are beyond doubt. This can be seen from the growth rate of GDP in my country that in the past 20 years from 1978 to 2000, China's GDP has doubled in rapid growth.
Reform and opening up is not only economic opening, but also cultural development and ideological opening.
In 1977, the central leadership decided to restore the college entrance examination system and set the college entrance examination in the winter of that year. After the college entrance examination was opened, the number of people taking the college entrance examination reached one million, and a total of 273,000 people were admitted in China that year.
In terms of thought, people's thoughts have also become open. Chinese people not only actively learn foreign culture, imitate their film styles, and make their favorite dishes, but also American and Western styles have emerged in society.
College Entrance Examination
After the reform and opening up, we not only brought it in, but also went out. We spread Chinese culture, China and scenery to foreign friends through various channels, bringing China's tourism industry to another new climax.
In terms of art, human body oil paintings have set off a trend in society.
Chinese painting pays attention to meaning and similarity, while foreign Chinese painting focuses on oil painting and realistic. The style of foreign painting is very bold. They like to draw still life, human bodies, and even nudes.
For Chinese people who are "fearing at talking about sex", foreign body oil paintings are "floods and beasts", but after the reform and opening up, people gradually accepted these paintings that they could not accept and tasted the unique artistic charm of body oil paintings.
It is worth mentioning that the "Oil Painting Body Art Exhibition" held by the China Art Museum in Beijing in 1988 was actually visited by 200,000 visitors and recognized by many people.
After the reform and opening up, China has attached more importance to the development of sports and sounded the clarion call for a sports power.
In November 1981, Chinese women's volleyball won the third World Women's Volleyball Championship with seven wins. Since then, the Chinese women's volleyball team has won many games and achieved brilliant results of five consecutive championships.
In 1984, the Chinese delegation also won fifteen gold medals, eight silver medals and nine bronze medals at the 23rd Olympic Games held in Los Angeles, USA, breaking the situation where China has never won gold medals in the Olympic Games and completing a zero breakthrough in the history of China's Olympic Games.
Women's Volleyball Team
Reform and opening up has brought China economic growth, national strength and leap in its thinking. Now we can see so many excellent literary and artistic works on the market and enjoy such sound infrastructure construction, which is related to the great achievements of reform and opening up.
Today, China's reform and opening up is still going on, and the opening experience over the years has also provided us with a lot of experience.
1978, what Deng Xiaoping said to Kim Il-sung is still vivid in my mind. Now more than 40 years have passed. We have finally embarked on a development path that belongs to the Chinese people and realized our own modernization as Deng Xiaoping expected.
I believe he will feel particularly relieved when he sees today's situation.
Deng Xiaoping and Kim Il-sung
More than 40 Spring and Autumn has passed, and the Chinese people have gradually gotten rid of poverty and embarked on the road of a well-off society.
We have used our efforts to deliver a satisfactory answer to ourselves and the country, but the Long March we will go in the future is still far away.
We still have more than 20 or 40 years to go, and the road to reform and opening up is a long way to go.
Reference
Reform and opening up. People's Daily
Dancing with the world: The practical significance of Deng Xiaoping's foreign strategic practice. The Paper
1978: Deng Xiaoping and the world he touched. Guang'an Daily
What did Deng Xiaoping talk about in the "Northern Talk"? . "Overview of Party History"
" Concept and Deng Xiaoping's trip to Suzhou and Hangzhou in 1983. People's Daily - China Communist Party News Network
