One day in 1951, Chairman Mao made a special trip to the Thirteen Tombs to search for historical sites.
At this time, the Thirteen Tombs were not a tourist area. This Royal Cemetery of the Ming Dynasty was desolate and desolate. The Thirteen Tombs Protection Committee, composed of only two staff members, was responsible for taking care of the cemetery area with an area of 40 square kilometers.
The day when Chairman Mao arrived at the Thirteen Tombs, the tomb guard Wang Youfu came back from the county town and saw two cars and a jeep parked in front of the stone elephant next to the Thirteen Tombs Road.
Two little boys who were fighting pig grass were approaching the car curiously, reaching out to touch the car and exploring it carefully.
Four cadres-like people stood aside and looked away, some of them were taking photos with their cameras, and they didn't care about the two children. Wang Youfu was afraid of breaking the car, so he spoke out and stopped the two children.
Chairman
Four people heard Wang Youfu's shout and walked towards him. An elder in a gray Zhongshan suit with bamboo crutches walked up to him and asked affectionately: "Membersman, what do you do?"
Wang Youfu answered the elder's question and asked casually: "Are you here to visit?"
Chairman Mao's party did not reveal his identity, but asked Wang Youfu to lead them to Changling.
Wang Youfu agreed readily and got on the jeep with a cadre. Because it was not a tourist spot, the door of Changling Hall was locked. After the car arrived, Wang Youfu went to the Mausoleum Protection Committee to get the keys, and the group of people entered the hall.
I don’t know that Chairman Mao came to visit the ling. Wang Youfu seemed very relaxed. He pointed to the Chinese herbs dried on the steps of Changling and said to Chairman Mao: "That was picked when we were looking for the ling. After drying, we can sell them for money."
Chairman Mao asked the living conditions of the two lingers and knew that they didn’t have much allowances in normal times, so picking herbs can improve their lives by selling them. So he responded with a smile: "This is a good way."
Chairman Mao
After traveling to Changling of Yongle Emperor , Wang Youfu led the way and accompanied Chairman Mao and his party to visit Jiajing Emperor Yongling.
This emperor, who was keen on practicing Taoism and seeking immortality during his reign, was seriously damaged, and the tomb was overgrown with weeds in the tomb, which became a paradise for two sheep from nearby farmers' homes.
visited Yongling, and Chairman Mao asked Wang Youfu if he could take them to Dingling to take a look. Wang Youfu followed the elder to go to Ling and felt very knowledgeable. He didn't know that the elder was Chairman Mao and he was very willing to continue traveling with him.
After reading the Dingling Mausoleum of Emperor Wanli Zhu Yijun , Chairman Mao asked Wang Youfu which tomb is in the south. Wang Youfu said it was the Zhao Mausoleum of Wanli Father Longqing Emperor Zhu Zaiyu .
Thirteen Tombs
Because there was too late, Chairman Mao and his party embarked on the journey back without going to Zhaoling. When he returned, Chairman Mao expressed his gratitude to Wang Youfu and insisted on sending him to Dingling Bridge in a car.
When Wang Youfu got off the car, followed the staff who saw him off and told him that the elder in the car was Chairman Mao.
1954, Chairman Mao and Premier Zhou went to Changping to visit the Thirteen Tombs. This time, Chairman Mao said to Premier Zhou when he climbed up to look into the distance: "Changping mountains are beautiful and it is a good place, but it's a pity that there is no water." Premier Zhou also agrees with this sentence. It is indeed a great regret that there is no water view in a large area of monuments like the Thirteen Tombs.
In addition to the scenery, Premier Zhou also found that Changping area was severely short of water during the non-rainy season, but when the rainy season came, the area often had heavy water due to terrain problems.
just happened to In the early days of the founding of New China, Beijing wanted to fully build water conservancy. Premier Zhou thought of building a reservoir in the Thirteen Tombs. can not only increase water sources for Beijing, but also make up for the defects caused by water shortage in Changping, leaving a project with the best of both worlds in the future.
Chairman Mao and Premier Zhou
The main reason why Beijing began to build water conservancy is due to water shortage. The Beijing Master Plan has clearly stated: "Beijing is a city with severe water shortage and must vigorously develop water sources.”
Before the liberation, the entire surface water of Beijing was only Yuquan Mountain Spring Water, and most of the citizens' daily water use was water wells. Many residential areas did not drill wells deep enough due to financial reasons, and the groundwater was insufficient to filtration, so they had to drink bitter well water for a long time.
New China established its capital in Beijing, and the problem of a large increase in permanent population and migrant population in Beijing's lack of water resources was particularly prominent. This problem attracted the attention of the central government.
As soon as North China was liberated in 1949, the people's government began to manage Yongding River . Yongding River in New China In the more than 800 years before its establishment, there were 149 floods such as diverting and other floods. The Yongding River became a "no-determined river", which posed a great threat to Beijing.
The founding of New China gave Yongding River a condition to cure the Yongding River. Moreover, the plan for New China to manage the Yongding River is unlike the previous passive disaster prevention and reduction. not only needs to solve the flood in Beijing, but also needs to allow the Yongding River to provide water resources and electricity to Beijing.
Yongding River
October 1951, the construction of the Yongding River Guanting Reservoir started, in 1954 It was completed in May. The "paper talk" was held in more than ten years before the liberation, and it achieved practical results in less than five years after the liberation.
The central government gave Guanting Reservoir great attention. Chairman Mao, Premier Zhou, Zhu De, Chen Yun, Deng Xiaoping and other party and state leaders have all visited Guanting Reservoir.
After the completion of
The Guanting Reservoir has four major functions: river blocking, flood control, water transmission and power generation. Flood control can withstand once-in-a-thousand-year floods, and water transmission has become the main water source of Beijing.
Beijing becomes the capital of New China, and the scale of the city will inevitably be Continuously expanding, there is only one Guanting Reservoir, which is far from meeting Beijing's water resources needs.
After the completion of Guanting Reservoir, many water conservancy projects in Beijing were put on the agenda. The Thirteen Tombs Reservoir was started under this background.
Guanting Reservoir
1957 On the day of Chairman Mao’s birthday, the Beijing Municipal Engineering Design Institute came up with the construction plan for the Thirteen Tombs Reservoir.
1958 January 4, Beijing Municipal Party Committee The plan for the Thirteen Tombs Reservoir was approved, and the Thirteen Tombs Reservoir broke ground on January 21. The project of
has made great progress from application to construction.
guanting Reservoir is the first large-scale reservoir in New China, and it took more than two years to build it and is considered a high-speed. The Thirteen Tombs Reservoir is a medium-sized reservoir. is completed as planned before the flood season arrives in July 1958, and the construction period is very urgent.
In that era, there were very few construction machinery, and the 233 required for the dam of the Thirteen Tombs Reservoir to build Hundreds of thousands of earthworks are almost entirely driven by manpower.
In just a few months, it is not a simple matter to build a dam more than 20 meters high. Changping District mobilized tens of thousands of laborers. By May Day, the project was only one-quarter.
In order to complete the project on time, the nearby garrison sent a large number of soldiers to support Changping District. who participated in labor at the construction site every day reached 100,000 . The crowded labor scene was shocking.
The Thirteen Tombs Reservoir built
Changping District mobilized the restoration to build the reservoir locally. The people who suffered from floods were very enthusiastic and signed up for voluntary labor. When
Just started construction, there were only seven women in the voluntary labor army. They graduated from high school and returned to their hometown to farm. They heard that they wanted to build the reservoir and wanted to see the world. They actively signed up to participate in the construction army. is called the "Seven Sisters" of the Thirteen Tombs Reservoir.
The oldest is nineteen years old, and the youngest is only fifteen years old. Some sisters heard that there is an searchlight on the construction site. 3. I just want to come and have a look. My family said that I was too young to go.
Seven Sisters took a photo of
"Seven Sisters" became a typical example of the labor army of the Thirteen Tombs. Another brigade selected the 50 women who participated in voluntary labor with the names of "lan". formed the "Jiulan Group" to create another model group of women.
These two women's model group had a great influence at that time. Not only were they famous in China, but some friendly countries also had a deep impression of them.
On May 23, the second meeting of the Eighth National Congress was held in Beijing. The meeting put forward the famous slogan of "Work hard, strive for the best, build socialism quickly, better and safely" .
During the meeting, Chairman Mao proposed that the leaders of the meeting should attend the meeting go to the Thirteen Tombs Reservoir construction site to participate in voluntary labor, and set an example for the construction of socialism in .
Jiulan Group
May 25th is the weekend, which is also the day when the dam of the Thirteen Tombs Reservoir is closed. The central leaders and local leaders attended the meeting, wearing coarse cloth clothes and straw hats, gathered at Huairen Hall in Zhongnanhai at 1:00 pm, and then took five public buses to the Thirteen Tombs Reservoir to participate in voluntary labor, encouraging the builders of the Thirteen Tombs Reservoir.
Li Min, who is going to take the college entrance examination this year, also went to the Thirteen Tombs Reservoir with Chairman Mao for labor training. Along the way, she chatted with Chairman Mao in various interesting stories.
The convoy came to the square in front of the Thirteen Tombs Reservoir Command and stopped. Chairman Mao and other leaders walked into the reception room of the command center to listen to the chief engineer of the Thirteen Tombs Reservoir and introduced the situation of the Thirteen Tombs Reservoir.
Chairman Mao’s design in the Thirteen Tombs Reservoir
Chairman Mao’s design in the Thirteen Tombs Reservoir won the recognition of all leaders, but Chairman Mao was a little worried about the construction progress. The chief engineer promised Chairman Mao on behalf of the command department that the th Thirteen Tombs Reservoir will definitely be completed before the flood season comes.
After listening to the report, Chairman Mao led all the leaders to the Thirteen Tombs Reservoir. When he saw Chairman Mao, the construction site of more than 100,000 people was boiling. The slogan "Long live Chairman Mao!" resounded throughout the world.
After Chairman Mao waved to the builders, the political commissar of the construction site pointed at the dam to report to Chairman Mao on the spot.
Chairman Mao worked in the Thirteen Tombs Reservoir
He said: "The dam is twenty-nine meters high, and now it has reached twenty-three meters."
Chairman Mao once again emphasized that the construction must be completed before the flood season. The construction site political commissar replied confidently: "Please rest assured Chairman Mao, we will complete the construction on time."
Then Chairman Mao picked up the shovel and started to participate in voluntary labor. Other leaders also took action. comrades such as Premier Zhou, Liu Shaoqi, Xiaoping, Chen Yun, etc. , rammed the ground and pulled the cart, and the cart was working hard.
Chairman Mao worked in the Thirteen Tombs Reservoir
President Zhu replayed the "Zhu De's shoulder pole" and carried the basket of soil. Mr. Zhu was already in his seventies at the time. The entourage was worried that he could not bear it and advised him to rest, but he insisted on working with everyone.
The weather was hot that day, and Chairman Mao shoveled the dirt for a while and sweat fell on his face.
A female officer on the construction site quickly handed Chairman Mao a towel soaked in cold water to wipe her sweat. Chairman Mao asked her what her name was, and she said she was Wang Huilan. Chairman Mao excitedly asked her if she was from the "Jiulan Group".
Wang Huilan felt a little embarrassed when she heard Chairman Mao’s question. The "Jiulan Group" Women's Day was awarded the red flag given by Cai Chang, Chairman of the All-China Women's Federation. The Chairman of the Romanian Ministerial Conference visited the construction site of the Thirteen Tombs Reservoir and also awarded the "Jiulan Group" Peace Dove commemorative medal.
Mr. Zhu works in the Thirteen Tombs Reservoir and the "Seven Sisters" were rated as an advanced group in February of that year. Premier Zhou wrote an invitation letter to invite them to attend the state banquet. Everyone knows the glory of the two women in the Thirteen Tombs Reservoir. Wang Huilan regrets that he is not from these two groups.
Chairman Mao heard Wang Huilan say that she was not the "Jiulan Group", and he smiled heartily to comfort her : "You are also an amazing worker, plus you are the Shilan Group." Chairman Mao's words inspired Wang Huilan, and a happy smile appeared on his face.
Chairman Mao led the leaders of the central and provincial and municipalities to the Thirteen Tombs construction site to participate in voluntary labor, which greatly encouraged the passion of the construction site's construction army. On that day, the construction site transported 510,000 cubic meters of earth and stone, setting the highest record since the start of construction of the Thirteen Tombs Reservoir.
Women who participated in the labor service in the Thirteen Tombs Reservoir
The shovel used by Chairman Mao was carefully wrapped in clothes by a People's Liberation Army soldier and collected as a precious souvenir.
This PLA soldier said that in the future, as long as he takes out this shovel and looks at it, he will think of the scene where Chairman Mao participated in voluntary labor, which can double his motivation. The influence of
's example was still expanding rapidly after the voluntary labor ended on that day.
After hearing the news that Chairman Mao and other leaders went to the Thirteen Tombs Reservoir to participate in voluntary labor, many people could not wait to apply and brought their own tools to the Thirteen Tombs Reservoir to participate in labor. Dozens of monks near
Company all formed a team to the Thirteen Tombs Reservoir and devoted themselves to the hot construction.
In order to further inspire the enthusiasm of the builders of the Thirteen Tombs Reservoir, Chairman Mao instructed the government minister to attend the voluntary labor of the Thirteen Tombs Reservoir in the future.
President He was in the Thirteen Tombs Reservoir
On June 12, Premier Zhou submitted a report to Chairman Mao, saying that the minister's participation in voluntary labor has been made.
On June 15, 500 government ministers and department-level heads , led by Premier Zhou, came to the Thirteen Tombs Reservoir construction site to participate in voluntary labor.
Before the trip, the staff suggested to Premier Zhou that many leading cadres should take a medical team to work in the Thirteen Tombs Reservoir.
Premier Zhou disagreed and pointed out that participating in voluntary labor cannot be done with any special purpose, and must be completely the same as ordinary workers.
General Xu Guangda arrived at the construction site of the Thirteen Tombs Reservoir
As soon as he arrived at the construction site of the Thirteen Tombs Reservoir, Premier Zhou pointed out to the person in charge of the construction site that he did not have any positions such as the Prime Minister and Minister here, and he was all ordinary workers. Wang Zhen said to the person in charge of the construction site: "Now you are our head,"
The labor ended on that day. Premier Zhou immediately reported to Chairman Mao that the voluntary labor of the government senior cadres a week has begun. After he comes back to attend the Politburo meeting, he will go to the construction site to work again.
On June 22 and 23, Premier Zhou took the time to work at the Thirteen Tombs Reservoir in his busy schedule. He lives in a bungalow next to the construction site and works for eight hours every day like everyone else. When the flute sounds in the morning, Premier Zhou holds a red flag and leads the team of senior cadres to the construction site to start work.
Premier Zhou was queuing to transmit stones in the Thirteen Tombs Reservoir
, a guy in front of Premier Zhou felt that the people behind him were moving a little slow, and urged in disgust: "smartly". After he finished speaking, he noticed that the person behind him turned out to be Premier Zhou.
The young man was not calm now, and he handed over the next stone, and he wanted to skip Premier Zhou and send it back.
Premier Zhou refused to follow suit, and while fighting with him, he said to him: "Everyone wants to work the same way."
While speaking, Premier Zhou accidentally cut his finger. The young man was frightened and his voice trembled, saying: "Prime Minister, your finger is bleeding."
Premier Zhou whispered to him: "Don't make a sound, continue to spread the stone." The young man calmed down and devoted himself to normal labor when he saw Premier Zhou's attitude.
When Premier Zhou was working in the reservoir
for dinner, Premier Zhou went to collect the meal like everyone else, and the entourage was not allowed to go to the line.
cook When the Prime Minister saw that he only had some pickles and ate cake made of corn flour and white flour, he said emotionally: "Prime Minister, you are old and you still work with everyone. We are very sorry for eating the same meal."
Premier Zhou took a bite of the cake and said with a smile: " is delicious." , which comforted the cook's inner uneasiness.
Premier Zhou Under the example of Chairman Mao and Premier Zhou and other central leaders, the Thirteen Tombs Reservoir project progressed rapidly. The project was completed on July 1st and a grand completion ceremony was held.At the
ceremony, the leaders of Beijing proudly announced: "Some people think that the Thirteen Tombs Reservoir cannot be completed before the flood season, but we overcome all kinds of difficulties and built the reservoir before the flood comes!"
After the completion of the Thirteen Tombs Reservoir, the Thirteen Tombs gradually became a famous scenic spot with charming lakes and mountains in Beijing.
The Thirteen Tombs Reservoir is like a monument, recording the passion of a generation to build a new China. Such a monument is far taller than the emperor's cemetery.
