On the afternoon of October 4, 1950, Peng Dehuai's plane arrived at Beijing Nanyuan Airport on time. As soon as Peng Dehuai got off the plane, he got into a black car sent by the General Office of the Central Committee and went straight to Zhongnanhai Yiniantang to attend the meeting.
As soon as Peng Dehuai sat down, Gao Gang next to him said to him mysteriously: "Old Peng, you must be prepared..."
What's going on? What preparations should Peng Dehuai make?
Gao Gang said to Peng Dehuai: Lao Peng, you must be prepared
On June 25, 1950, Korean War broke out, and the war once hit our border, and the Central Committee and Chairman Mao also had to pay attention. On October 1, Peng Dehuai attended the first anniversary of the founding of New China in Xi'an. That night, he held a National Day banquet in the name of Chairman of the Northwest Military and Political Committee.
At this banquet, Peng Dehuai delivered a speech: "Under the wise leadership of the Communist Party of China and Chairman Mao, the people of all ethnic groups in our country have unprecedented unity. I believe that with everyone's efforts, China will be able to build a prosperous and strong country!"
At the same time, " United Nations Army " crossed the " 38th parallel " and attacked North Korea in a large-scale manner. Due to the interference of the "United Nations Forces", the situation in North Korea became worse and worse. In desperation, Kim Il-sung had no choice but to meet with the Chinese ambassador and formally requested to send troops to the Chinese government to support it.
On the afternoon of October 2, Chairman Mao presided over an important meeting to discuss the situation on the Korean Peninsula and whether our country will send troops. Chairman Mao said: "The situation in North Korea is extremely urgent now. I advocate sending troops to support North Korea. Since Comrade Lin Biao cannot lead troops to fight due to illness, I suggest that Comrade Peng Dehuai take charge of the battle."
On October 4, Peng Dehuai convened a meeting of cadres in the conference room of the Northwest Military and Political Committee to mainly study the economic development of the Northwest. At this moment, a nervous comrade walked into the conference room and came to Peng Dehuai's side and whispered: "Chairman, please go to Beijing for a meeting immediately..."
The matter suddenly happened, and Peng Dehuai didn't know what Chairman Mao was asking for him. He didn't have time to think, so he quickly stopped the meeting, and then asked the secretary to bring the three-year economic recovery plan to the airport, and then took the opportunity to Beijing.
At around 4 pm, the plane stopped at Beijing Nanyuan Airport on time. As soon as Peng Dehuai got off the plane, he was picked up by a car sent by the General Office of the Central Committee who had been waiting for a long time, and then drove to Zhongnanhai Yinian Hall to attend the meeting. At this time, the meeting was discussing the issue of sending troops to aid Korea. Some people agreed to send troops, but some people did not agree. Peng Dehuai did not understand this and did not express his thoughts.
Just as Peng Dehuai listened carefully to the participants' opinions, Gao Gang, who was standing beside him, quietly came to his ears and said mysteriously: "Old Peng, you must be prepared..." Before Peng Dehuai could ask in detail what was going on, the meeting ended.
That night, Peng Dehuai paced back and forth in the room of the Beijing Hotel, and saw him frowning, as if he was thinking about something important. That's right, what Peng Dehuai was thinking about at this time was the question of whether to send troops to North Korea.
In the situation where the Korean Peninsula is at stake, facing the request of the North Korean Party and state leaders, it is very important whether our country will send troops to provide assistance. Many leaders disagree to send troops. After all, New China has not been established for a long time, and the economy and other situations are not very good; but if the troops are not sent, then the situation in North Korea will...
is approaching midnight, and Peng Dehuai still can't fall asleep. He moved the bedding from the bed to the carpet, hoping to make himself sober. While thinking with his eyes closed, Chairman Mao's voice kept ringing in Peng Dehuai's ears: "What you said makes sense, but others are in a national crisis. Do we just stand by and watch? No matter what you say, we will feel sad."
Peng Dehuai read the passage of Chairman Mao dozens of times, and he realized that this is the highest instruction that combines internationalism and patriotism. The United States occupied North Korea and is now facing China across the river, which not only threatened the Northeast, but also threatened Shanghai and others.It is difficult for us to build socialism without comparing with American imperialism.
Therefore, Peng Dehuai believes that sending troops to to resist U.S. aggression and aid Korea is correct, necessary, and impatient, and he insists on supporting Chairman Mao's proposal.
On the morning of October 5, Deng Xiaoping came to the Beijing Hotel under Chairman Mao’s entrustment and picked Peng Dehuai up to Zhongnanhai . When Chairman Mao talked about his decision to appoint Peng Dehuai as the commander of the Volunteer Army commander and asked him to lead his troops to fight , Chairman Mao said: "Old Peng, I don't know if you have any opinions?"
Peng Dehuai immediately said: "Chairman, you know me very well, please rest assured, I firmly obey the arrangements of the central government." Mao The chairman took a puff of cigarette and said with a smile: "At the critical moment, it must be your Lao Peng, now I can rest assured."
In the afternoon, Peng Dehuai expressed his thoughts when attending the Politburo meeting. He said:
"It is necessary to send troops to aid North Korea. If defeated, it will be a few years later that the War of Liberation will be won. Now the US military is eyeing it. If they want to start a war, they can find excuses at any time. We must start the first We are fighting against the United States and aiding Korea, defending our country, and we should participate in the war, but we must also participate in the war!"
Peng Dehuai finished speaking, Chairman Mao stood up and added: "Old Peng is right. Although we have many difficulties in sending troops, North Korea is our friendly neighbor. We cannot watch the American invaders trample on it without caring about it. Everyone understands the truth that the lips are dead and the teeth are cold, so I don't have to say anything more That's it."
will eventually decide that Peng Dehuai will lead his troops to fight in Korea. Chairman Mao said to Peng Dehuai: "It is easy to get a general, but you, President Peng, always stand up at critical moments..."
At that time, Peng Dehuai was 52 years old, and it can be said that he was over fifty years old. However, for the interests of the party and the people, and for the fate of the country and the nation, he was ordered again in danger and led his troops to fight to resist the United States and aid Korea, and defend the country.
led the army to fight, crossing the Yalu River
On October 15, Peng Dehuai took a special plane back to Shenyang, and then held a meeting to convey to them the final decision of the Political Bureau of the CPC Central Committee. That night, Peng Dehuai met with North Korean Deputy Prime Minister Park Heon-yong , and the other party conveyed Kim Il-sung's request to send troops as soon as possible.
On October 16, Peng Dehuai held a mobilization meeting for volunteer military advisors and above in Anton. He first announced to everyone that the central government made the decision to "resist U.S. aggression and aid Korea, defend the country, " , and then further explained the necessity and significance of the Party Central Committee making this decision.
Peng Dehuai said:
"The way we took to advance and retreat in the civil war before may not be applicable to North Korea, because North Korea is a relatively narrow peninsula with many mountains and a small land area, making it very difficult for troops to move. The most important thing is that the enemy has an absolute advantage in terms of military strength and equipment. Once the enemy's weakness is discovered, we must attack quickly, insert the enemy's rear, and resolutely annihilate it."
Peng Dehuai also emphasized: "It is very hard for us to enter North Korea to fight, and this hard work is the first time. As never before, we must not only go to a place that is unfamiliar, but it is also very cold. Despite this, we must also play the glorious traditions of our army, strictly abide by discipline, and not infringe on the interests of the masses! Comrades, be prepared to set off at any time! "
On the afternoon of October 17, in order to determine the time for the vanguard of the Volunteer Army to set off, Chairman Mao sent a telegram to Peng Dehuai and Gao Gang: "The first two armies are ready to set off on the 19th, and there will be another official order tomorrow. The time for the dispatch will be determined after returning to Beijing on the 18th and reporting to the central government." That night, Peng Dehuai and Gao Gang returned to Shenyang by train.
On the morning of October 18, Peng Dehuai and Gao Gang returned to Beijing again on a special plane to attend a meeting held by the Political Bureau of the Central Committee to study the specific details of the dispatch of troops. At that time, , Pyongyang, , was being besieged and the situation was very critical.At this meeting, Zhou Enlai first reported on the negotiations with comrades such as Stalin , and then Peng Dehuai began to report on the preparations for the volunteer army to send troops to aid Korea.
Finally, Chairman Mao expressed his opinion. He said: "Now the enemy has besieged Pyongyang and will enter the Yalu River in a few days. No matter what difficulties we have, we cannot change the plan of the volunteer army to cross the river and aid Korea, let alone postpone the time and proceed according to the original plan." The meeting decided that the volunteer army would cross the Yalu River to fight on the 19th according to the plan formulated previously.
In order to promptly convey and implement the decision of the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China, Peng Dehuai called Deng Hua and Hong Xuezhi and told them: "The Volunteer Army decided to enter North Korea in batches on the evening of the 19th." At 9 o'clock that night, Peng Dehuai sent a secret message to Deng Hua, Hong Xuezhi and others in the name of Chairman Mao in Beijing in the name of Chairman Mao:
"The four armies and three artillery divisions decided to follow the previous plan. The battle in North Korea began to cross the river from the evening of the 19th. In order to keep it confidential, the crossing forces started every day at dusk until 4 a.m. the next day. They must complete concealment before 5 a.m. and cannot be discovered."
On the morning of October 19, Peng Dehuai and Gao Gang returned to Shenyang by a special plane and announced to the person in charge of Northeast Army and Northeast Military Region that the volunteer army will start crossing the river at dusk that day. In the afternoon, Peng Dehuai came to Andong and conveyed to Deng Hua, Hong Xuezhi and others the combat plan of the Party Central Committee and the actions of the various armies after entering North Korea.
On the evening of October 19th, the Yalu River was pitch black and extremely quiet. At this time, the soldiers of the Volunteer Army, carrying the trust of the people of the motherland, crossed the Yalu River from the three ports of Andong, Changdian River and Ji'an according to the original plan, and began the great and difficult war to resist the U.S. aggression and aid Korea.
Peng Dehuai took a staff officer, two guards, a radio and radio personnel to cross the Yalu River and secretly entered North Korea. Since the "United Nations Army" had occupied Pyongyang, Kim Il-sung had to lead the command to arrive at a new location, and Peng Dehuai's plan to meet with Tokugawa and Kim Il-sung also changed accordingly.
On the afternoon of October 20, Peng Dehuai received a notice from Kim Il-sung Command and asked him to hold talks near Dayudong. html At dawn on the 121st, Peng Dehuai took a car to the vicinity of Dayu Cave and met Kim Il-sung here. After a greeting, the two began to discuss the combat plan of the Volunteer Army and how the Chinese and Korean armies could fight in unification.
From then on, the armies of China and South Korea fought side by side to fight for the final victory.
won consecutive battle victories. Stalin: Peng Dehuai is a contemporary genius military strategist
"United Nations Army" and South Korea's Seung-man Rhee's troops had a total of 420,000 people, of which ground troops had a ground troops . In order to realize the plan of "occupying all North Korea before Thanksgiving", they divided into east and west lines and marched wildly towards the Sino-North Korea border. On October 24, the 6th Division of the South Korean Army occupied Xichuan and Wenjing, and the vanguard troops even arrived at Chushan, which was only 6 kilometers away from the Yalu River.
Before entering North Korea to fight, our army had formulated active defense, positional warfare and mobile warfare to annihilate and consume the enemy through counterattacks and attacks. However, due to changes in the situation, these plans are not suitable for North Korea. Most importantly, several areas where our army had originally planned to set up positions after crossing the river were also occupied by the "United Nations Army"...
Fortunately, the enemy was unaware of the situation of our army's entry into North Korea, and they were dividing their troops to advance north without any scruples. In view of the enemy's wrong judgment and the weakness of division of troops, Peng Dehuai immediately reported to Chairman Mao, and then adjusted the battle deployment. changed the original position defense to mobile warfare to eliminate the enemy in the movement.
Peng Dehuai ordered two divisions of the Volunteer Army to block the enemy on the Eastern Front, and then concentrated five armies and one division on the Western Front, so as to boldly intersperse and divide and encircle the aggressive troops. When the enemies on the Western Front arrived in Yunshan, Wenjing and other areas one after another, the various volunteer armies suddenly launched a fierce attack on the enemy.
After 12 days and nights of fierce fighting, our army annihilated more than 15,000 enemy troops, and drove them back from the Yalu River to the area south of Qingchuan River, achieving victory in the first battle.
Shortly after the end of the first battle, the Ninth Corps, led by Song Shilun, entered North Korea to participate in the war. At this time, the volunteer army had already had 400,000 people on the Korean battlefield, greatly strengthening our army's attack power. The volunteer army suddenly appeared on the Korean battlefield, giving the enemy who was trying to advance. Even Mike Arthur did not expect that at first he believed: "China should just send troops symbolically. I believe they will retreat soon. After all, the strength of our army cannot be underestimated."
So from November 6, the enemy began to counterattack our positions. When Peng Dehuai learned about it, he ordered: "Each army retreated 30 miles, occupied favorable terrain and waited for the opportunity, and then used a small number of troops to retreat while fighting and lure the enemy into depth..."
On November 24, the enemy troops divided into two groups to launch the so-called "Christmas General Offensive" and threatened: "We will definitely end the Korean War before Christmas!" 11 On the evening of November 25, with the order of Peng Dehuai, the second battle officially broke out.
Under Peng Dehuai's orders, the soldiers quickly interspersed and surrounded, first divided the enemies into several sections, and then wiped them out one by one. At that time, in the narrow area north of Sansuoli and Longyuanli, our army used skillful close combat and night combat methods to launch a fierce attack on the enemy, and there were enemy troops fleeing everywhere.
November 29, the enemy began to retreat to the "38th parallel". However, because the enemy's equipment was very modern, the retreat was very fast and he ran more than 200 miles in one breath. Our army was chasing on foot. After chasing for several days, the soldiers were particularly tired. Under this circumstance, Peng Dehuai ordered the cessation of advancement, gathering and resting immediately, and sending only a part of the troops to continue pursuing.
On December 5, our army recovered Pyongyang and then recovered all the territory of the Democratic Republic of Korea north of the "38th Parallel". After the end of this battle, our army wiped out more than 36,000 enemy troops, seized a lot of guns and ammunition, forcing the enemy to retreat south of the "38th Parallel".
The volunteer army has fought for more than a month, but has won two consecutive battles. This not only hit the enemy's arrogance and reversed the current situation in North Korea, but also enabled our army to gain a firm foothold in North Korea and improve its image in the hearts of the Chinese and Korean people. Not long after, the Chinese People's Volunteer Army launched the third, fourth and fifth battles.
In the five battles, Peng Dehuai has carried out effective work in strategic guidance and deployment. Facts have proved that Peng Dehuai's tactics are flexible, his commanding art is superb, and he has very personal characteristics. Peng Dehuai fully utilized the suddenness of the battle and gave the enemy an unexpected blow, which was also a prominent feature of his command art in the five battles.
Since the enemy is an army with highly modern weapons and equipment, Peng Dehuai believes that if he wants to defeat the opponent, he must have an absolute advantage in frontal forces. Peng Dehuai's idea is not wrong. This is the key to winning the battle in the early stage of the War to Resist U.S. Aggression and Aid Korea and reversing the situation of the Korean War.
Stalin once praised Peng Dehuai like this: "Peng Dehuai defeated the most powerful American imperialism in the world with such a disadvantaged equipment. He is a military strategist of contemporary genius!"
Resist U.S. aggression and aid Korea won the war, and the armistice negotiations
After nearly three years of battle, Peng Dehuai commanded the volunteer army soldiers to drive the "United Nations Army" back south of the "38th Parallel", and forced them to sign the armistice agreement.
On July 27, 1953, the chief representative of the China-North Korea negotiating delegation and the chief representative of the US negotiating delegation will officially sign the Korean Armistice Agreement on Panmendian , etc.
On the day of the signing of the armistice agreement, Kim Il-sung and Peng Dehuai issued an order to the Korean People's Army and the Chinese People's Volunteer Army: "From 1 on July 27, 1953, 12 hours after the signing of the armistice agreement, a complete ceasefire will be complete!"
When the volunteer troops stationed near Panmunjom received the order for the ceasefire, the positions were full of tension, and the commanders and soldiers remained highly vigilant and watched the changes in the enemy situation. A quarter of an hour before the arrival of the ceasefire time, dramatic changes occurred on both sides' positions.
For a moment, gunfire and artillery fire were everywhere, and flares, tracer were colorful, and red everywhere. Just as the two sides fought fiercely, the time for the ceasefire came, and the position that had just started to be full of war suddenly became silent. At this point, the war that had been burning on the Korean Peninsula for three years finally stopped.
Peng Dehuai wrote down his big name "Peng Dehuai" on the Korean War Armistice Agreement and its historical Supplementary Agreement . Afterwards, Peng Dehuai delivered a touching speech, saying:
"I was very excited when I signed my name. I thought a lot and a lot at that time. I know that everyone is thinking about this issue, so I won't say more. I just want to remind everyone here: First, we must not forget that this armistice agreement was exchanged for the lives of millions of Chinese people and the heroic children of the North Korean people... Second, practice has proved that the decision to resist the United States and aid Korea and defend the country is very correct, and it is even more wise..."
There was a small episode before Peng Dehuai signed. Because this signature is of great significance, the leaders of the delegation believed that Peng Dehuai should be given a set of military uniforms with the same material as other negotiators. When the leader of the delegation reported this to Peng Dehuai, Peng Dehuai said seriously:
"Why do you need to change your military uniform? Just because you want to make a movie? I can understand your mood, but I think this is not good because it is not real enough. Don't underestimate this military uniform. How much labor and financial resources does it cost..."
Then Peng Dehuai said: "I still insist on wearing the previous military uniform. Do you have no objection?" In this way, Peng Dehuai wore that old military uniform and participated in all the signing activities.
At noon that day, Peng Dehuai told Xiao Quanfu, the commander of the 46th Army of the Volunteer Army stationed in Panmundian: "I am going to go to the frontier positions of the 46th Army..."
Here, Peng Dehuai saw the soldiers with smiles on his face, and a smile appeared on Peng Dehuai's face, who had never liked to smile. He knew that the soldiers were happy that they would not have to fight again. Peng Dehuai cordially asked the soldiers how they lived and whether they had any vegetables to eat. The soldiers were very excited to see Peng Dehuai so approachable.
Immediately afterwards, Peng Dehuai, accompanied by Xiao Quanfu, climbed the main peak of Dade Mountain and listened to the work report on the 46th Army here. After hearing this, Peng Dehuai looked at the surrounding mountains that were bombed into ruins. He couldn't help but say: "The Korean battlefield is the training ground for us to compete with the US military. Through this competition, it is wise for the US military to decide to sign a ceasefire now."
After getting off Dadeshan, Peng Dehuai got into the car and prepared to leave. Who would have thought that he would be blocked before he could go far. Peng Dehuai looked carefully and found that it was the volunteer soldiers carrying the martyrs to prepare for burial. Peng Dehuai immediately got out of the car and walked to the stretcher, then gently uncovered the cloth list on the stretcher. After seeing the remains of the martyrs one by one, he said in a sad voice:
"This is the heroic son and daughter of our motherland people. The victory of the War to Resist U.S. Aggression and Aid Korea was exchanged for their lives and blood... You must bury them well and notify their families as soon as possible."
After inspecting the 46th Army headquarters, Peng Dehuai and the 46th Army's organ cadres watched the art program performed by the Military Art Troupe. On the morning of July 30, Peng Dehuai left the 46th Army headquarters and returned to Pyongyang.
Not long after, at a welcome meeting and a meeting held in Beijing, Peng Dehuai expressed his thoughts on the issue of North Korea negotiations:
" North Korean armistice negotiations is an unprecedented armistice negotiation, and its significance is extraordinary. Over the past three years, our volunteer soldiers have always implemented the will of the motherland people, and together with the Korean people, resisted the invading enemy, and experienced cruelty. After the struggle, the dawn of victory finally ushered in. This glory belongs to the Korean people and the Korean People's Army, and is attributed to our great people of the motherland! "
Although Peng Dehuai said this, we will never forget Peng Dehuai who was appointed in danger, and will never forget that he commanded the volunteer soldiers to create miracles on the Korean battlefield under the leadership of Chairman Mao...
