" Zizhi Tongjian " Volume 3 Zhou Jisan
【Original text】
Suihu was sent. All the people in the country did not want to do so, and the young master said he was sick and refused to court.
The king sent someone to ask him, "Home is listened to relatives, and the country is listened to the king. Now I am accustomed to my teachings, but Gongshu is not convinced. I am afraid that the world will discuss it. The country has its own constant, and benefiting the people is the basis; when politics has its own principles, we will be in charge, so we must be the best of our behavior. Being clear about virtue first discusses the lowly, and being in politics first trusts the nobles. Therefore, I wish to admire Gongshu's righteousness to achieve the achievements of Hushu's cousin."
The prince Cheng bowed his head again and said, "I heard that China is what sages teach, what rituals use, what rituals use, what rituals look at and go to the distance, and what the barbarians will do. Now the king abandons this and attacks the distant clothes, changes the ancient ways, and goes against others' hearts. I wish the king is familiar with it!"
The envoy repaid. The king went to ask for it and said, "There are Qi and Zhongshan in the east, Yan and East Hu in the north, and Loufan, Qin and Han in the west. Now there is no preparation for riding and shooting, so how can we defend it? First, Zhongshan carried the strong soldiers of Qi, invaded and brutally, and buried our people, and drew water to surround the country. The gods of the country were almost unguarded, and the ancestors were ugly. Therefore, I changed my patriarch to arch, and wanted to prepare for the difficulties of the four realms and repay the resentment of Zhongshan. But Shu followed the customs of China and evilly changed the name of patriarch to forget the ugliness of the country, which was not what I wanted."
The prince Cheng obeyed the order, so he gave Hu , and he would go to court tomorrow. So he started to use Hu's orders and attacked him.
【Translation】
So, Zhao State people changed to wear Hu clothes. The scholars in the country had many objections, and the young master Cheng pretended to be sick and did not come to court.
King Zhao sent someone to convince him: "As far as you follow your parents, the state affairs obey the king. Now I promote the change of clothing to the people, but you don't wear it. I am worried that the world will discuss my personal feelings. Governing the country has certain rules, and it is always based on the benefit of the people; handling political affairs has certain rules, and executing orders is the most important. Promoting morality must first target the lowly lower class, and implementing laws must start with nobles and close ministers. So I hope to use the help of Uncle, your example, to complete the achievement of changing the clothes of Hu. "
The young master Cheng thanked him: "I heard that China is a place where distant countries come to visit under the education of sages and wise men, and let the four countries learn to follow the examples. Now, the king, you ignore this and imitate the clothes of foreign countries in the distance. It is an act that is arbitrarily changing ancient habits and goes against the hearts of people. I hope you will consider it carefully."
The messenger returns to King Zhao. King Zhao personally came to the door and explained: "There are Qi State and Zhongshan State on the east side of our country; Yan State and Donghu in the north; floor and Donghu in the west, bordering Qin and South Korea. How can we defend without the training of riding and archery? Previously, Zhongshan State relied on Qi State's strong troops to invade our territory, plunder the people, and lure water to surround the city. If it were not for God's blessing, the city would have almost been lost. The king was deeply ashamed of this matter. So I decided to change my clothes and learn riding and archery, and wanted to resist disasters on all sides with this, and report to Zhongshan. The hatred of the country. Uncle, you blindly follow the old Chinese customs and hate changing clothes. You have forgotten the great humiliation of the city. I am deeply disappointed with you! "
The young master Cheng woke up and readily obeyed the order. King Zhao personally gave him Hu clothes, and the next day he put them in the court. Therefore, King Zhao formally issued a law to change his clothes to wear Hu clothes, advocating the learning of riding horses and shooting archery.
【Material Analysis】
When Zhao Wuling King Ascended the throne, Zhao State was in a period of decline in national power, and even small neighboring countries like Zhongshan often came to invade. In the war with some great powers, Zhao State often suffered defeat, generals were captured, and cities were occupied. Zhao State was seen as being annexed by other countries. Especially in terms of geographical location, the northeast is connected to the Donghu, the north is adjacent to the Xiongnu , and the northwest is bounded by the Linhu and Loufan. These tribes live on nomads and are good at riding horses and shooting archery. They often invade the border of Zhao with cavalry.
King Wuling of Zhao saw that the Hu people had some special advantages in military clothing: wearing narrow-sleeved short jackets, making it more convenient for daily life and hunting; using cavalry, bows and arrows during combat has greater flexibility and mobility than the soldiers and spears of the Central Plains.
Wuling King, who had great ambitions to make Zhao State strong, had a real understanding of the superiority of the Hu cavalry. He believed that using cavalry and shooting to modify the army was the way to strengthen the army, so he said to General Lou Yan: What should we do if our country is surrounded by a strong enemy? "I want to be a barbarian." Therefore, in order to enrich the country and strengthen the army, King Wuling of Zhao proposed the proposal of "wearing Hu clothes" and "practice of riding and shooting" in Handan City, and was determined to take advantage of the strengths of the Hu people to make up for the shortcomings of the Central Plains.
In the above materials, King Wuling of Zhao was preparing to implement the policy of Hu clothing and riding and shooting across the country, but unexpectedly, everyone in the country rose up to oppose it, and even his uncle and son Cheng expressed his protest by pretending to be sick and not going to court. The original text mainly tells the conversation between King Wuling of Zhao and Prince Cheng.
We all know that there are only these reasons why a person opposes our behavior or opinions:
First, behavior touches other people's vested interests. Just like Shang Yang When Qin began reform, the old aristocratic groups were the most fiercely opposed, because if they followed the new law, if they wanted to gain more benefits, no matter who they wanted to do was to do it on the battlefield, otherwise they would no longer be given more resources.
Second, do not respect the other person in advance, which makes the other person feel uncomfortable. This kind of opposition is purely emotional opposition, and it will cause you a stumbling block if you are angry. For example, if you accidentally bump into a passerby on the road, stop and apologize to the other party sincerely. As long as you are not a mess, you will generally forgive you. But if you hit someone, not only do you not apologize, but instead pretend not to see the same thing, and even if someone comes to argue with others, you will definitely not forgive you.
Secondly, there is conflicting concepts and it is not easy for the other party to accept it. This situation is caused by the other party's conservative thinking or the three views between you and me, which causes the other party to feel distorted when seeing our behavior, so they stand up and oppose it. It's like when we were young, we used our left hand to hold chopsticks when we were having dinner. According to the principle, this is no big deal, but the grandparents around us have to say a few words, saying that children should learn to eat with their right hand, but when you ask them why they can't eat with their left hand, they can't say that because everyone uses their right hand to eat as a habit, they suddenly feel distorted.
King Wuling of Zhao carried out the reform of Hu clothing and cavalry and formed a cavalry unit, which did not involve economic, official administration and land resources, nor did it weaken the vested interests of the nobles. He did not act disrespectful to the other party. King Wuling of Zhao was the king and had the qualifications to formulate policies. The reason why Gongzicheng opposed it was mainly because he was not easy to accept the reform of Hufu riding and shooting in his subjective consciousness.
The ruler does not need to let everyone agree to the implementation of policies and laws, but without the support of the aristocratic group, the reform path of Hufu and riding and shooting will be very difficult, so it is necessary to deal with representative figures among the aristocratic people, among which uncle and son Cheng are the first to fight for. Young Master Cheng has always had prestige. If he handled him, he could basically handle a large number of people.
In order to convince uncle and son Cheng to support Hufu riding and shooting reform, King Wuling of Zhao adopted two stages.
In the first stage, a representative was appointed to do ideological work for Gongzicheng
The material said that first, the relationship between and the parent system is based on the relationship between and the words, as a monarch, must listen to what I do, as a minister. I don’t listen to my ministers, and I can’t let the people listen. It makes it seem that outsiders think that the king of our country has selfishness and makes the difference between inside and outside, so that I will not be able to get out of the throne.
Then it is said that as a minister, the state promulgated laws to benefit the country and the people. As a noble, we should take the lead in abide by them. I hope my uncle can help me.
At this stage, Zhao Wuling lowered his value, and with a humble attitude, he hoped that his uncle would cooperate with him, mainly through emotional testing. If he was willing to talk, it would be easy to say. If he didn't want to, he had to visit him in person. At the beginning, I didn’t visit people in person just to avoid those with a firm attitude. If I couldn’t reach an agreement with King Wuling of Zhao, I would have no room for buffering, which would be very embarrassing.
The second stage is to present facts and talk about interests
After hearing what King Wuling of Zhao did not follow the topic, he stood directly on a higher moral commanding height, saying that my ancient Central Plains was a place of sages and disdain to learn from the barbarians. After hearing the messenger's return, King Wuling of Zhao thought that if he still followed the old way, the problem would still exist and would even worsen further. So he changed his strategy and did not talk to you about feelings or interests.
The second time King Wuling of Zhao came to visit him personally, and based on the actual situation, he told the current situation in Zhao State and the hidden dangers in the border areas. For example, there are grasslands in the north, and frequent wars with nomadic peoples such as the Huns are under great pressure. There is Wei State to the south, Korean to the south, and there is Qi State and Yan State to the east. If there is no strong cavalry unit in the country, it will be difficult to survive such external troubles.
At the same time, it is pointed out that when changing clothes is used to fight, build cavalry troops, and through cavalry troops, heal the shame, overthrow the barbarians and dominate the Central Plains.
Uncle, if you stick to your attitude and follow the old ways, you will be numb to the original shame. This is a naked provocation. This is equivalent to if you don’t do it according to me, you are a bad person. Doing according to me can not only avenge revenge but also expand territory.
In the end, under the persuasion of King Wuling of Zhao, Gongzicheng suddenly realized and accepted the reform of Hufu riding and shooting.
【Inspiration】
1. In the face of opponents, do not rush to adopt high-pressure policies to make everyone obey, but reduce their identity, communicate more, and exchange each other's claims, purposes, and ideas. Only by knowing the reason why the other party insists on opposing it can the right medicine.
2. Use surround tactics to get rid of the people around the target person and form a unified circle of opinions. Everyone agrees and accepts it. If you still insist, you will appear out of place.
3. To implement a certain policy or activity, first solve the key figures and opinion leaders in most people. With the support of typical representatives, most of the others will be easily driven. When the epidemic first broke out, except for the Chinese people who could communicate, people in other Western countries would rather die of infection than wear masks. The reason for this is to have conflicts of ideas. If the US government had found a few representative figures, such as influential people like Mike Jackson, to promote the use of masks, the American people would not have been so reckless to go out without masks.
4. For individual thorns and stubborn elements, use the general trend that has been formed to solve it, so that the conflict between you and the thorns will be transferred to the contradiction between the thorns and most people and the mainstream environment.
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