Mao Zedong is one of the founders of Communist Party of China and is also a great leader of the Communist Party of China who has a well-deserved historical choice. During his lifetime, the Communist Party of China held ten national congresses, and Mao Zedong was absent three times.
On April 21, 1945, Mao Zedong said at the preparatory meeting of the Seventh National Congress of the Communist Party of China:
"Some comrades in this conference were not elected as representatives, they could not attend or listen, and they were very anxious. In fact, there is nothing, everyone can explain it. Take me as an example. I am 'one, three, five, two, four, and six'. I don't even meet at the conference with even numbers. Participate. "
"One, three, five, two, four, and six are clear" is a mantra when the ancients wrote seven-character regular verses. It is a regulation on the adjustment of the level and tone of each character in a sentence. It means that in a seven-character regular verse, the first, third and fifth words can be used in flat tone or oblique tone, and the second, fourth and six characters are where the rhythm points are located, so the level and tone must be clearly defined. Those who should use oblique must use oblique, and those who should use flat must use flat. Of course, people who are familiar with the creation of seven-character verses understand that this formula refers to general situations, but may not be appropriate in some special circumstances.
, Mao Zedong, who is proficient in metrical poetry creation skills, applied this familiar mantra to show that from , to 6th National Congress, in these six National Congresses, "I participated", "I participated", and there is no need to discuss; "I did not participate", "I did not participate" in the second, 4th and 6th National Congresses, and it is also very clear.
Use two sentences of seven-character regular rules to tease yourself about participating in the first six National Congresses of the Communist Party of China. is vivid, concise and accurate. Only Mao Zedong has such extraordinary talent and humor!
Mao Zedong, who participated in the First National Congress, was a very "rustic" "white-faced scholar" in Zhang Guotao's eyes. In July 1921, The First National Congress of the Communist Party of China was held in Shanghai. This is a major event that has created the world in Chinese history. Mao Zedong, who was 28 years old at the time, attended the conference as a representative of the Changsha Communist Group. On April 21, 1945, as a witness to this extraordinary conference, Mao Zedong recalled: 1921, our party held its first congress. Among the twelve representatives, the ones who are alive are still Communists (the ones who have been rebellious like Zhang Guotao do not count), one is Chen Tanqiu, who is now imprisoned by the Kuomintang in Xinjiang, and the other is Dong Biwu, who is now flying to , San Francisco , and I am the same. Among the twelve representatives, there are two who are now traitors in Nanjing, one is Zhou Fohai , and the other is Chen Gongbo . It will be held in July, and we now set July 1st as the anniversary of the party. It was originally opened in Shanghai, but because the police station wanted to catch people, it ran to Nanhu, Jiaxing, Zhejiang, and was driven on the boat. Did you issue a declaration? I don't remember it. There was no more understanding of how much Marxism was involved and how to do things in the world at that time. The so-called representative, how can comrades be so smart now, know this and that. I don’t know what economy, culture, party affairs, rectification, etc. That was what I was like at the time, and the others were almost the same. Chen Duxiu did not attend the meeting at that time, and he was the director of education in Guangdong. There is a saying in our Chinese " Zhuangzi ": "The beginning is simple, and the end will be huge." Now we have not "finished", it is already very big.
At the First Congress of the Communist Party of China, the most eye-catching representative of Beijing was Zhang Guotao. Mao Zedong and Zhang Guotao met and met in Peking University as early as 1918. In comparison, Zhang Guotao's status in Peking University is much higher than Mao Zedong. In 1918, Mao Zedong worked as an ordinary administrator at the Peking University Library under the introduction of his mentor Yang Changji, responsible for organizing books and cleaning. He also attended some courses at Peking University. He can be said to be a "sweeping monk" at Peking University. At this time, Zhang Guotao was an important person in charge of Peking University Student Union. During the vigorous May Fourth Movement, Zhang Guotao participated in the demonstration and became a famous "student leader" and was elected as the chairman of the Beijing Student Union.
At the First National Congress, Zhang Guotao was elected as the executive chairman of the conference. He was the host of the conference. He announced the founding of the Communist Party of China and Mao Zedong was the clerk of the conference.The First Congress of the Communist Party of China elected three core figures - Chen Duxiu, Zhang Guotao and Li Da. Chen Duxiu is the general secretary, Zhang Guotao is the organization director, and Li Da is the propaganda director. It can be seen that at that time, Zhang Guotao's status was higher than that of Mao Zedong.
Decades later, Zhang Guotao wrote in his memoirs: "Mao Zedong could not get rid of the rustic spirit of Hunan. He was a relatively active white-faced scholar wearing a cloth gown. He had a lot of common sense, but his understanding of Marxism is not much better than that of Wang Jinmei, Deng Enming and others."
It is sad that Zhang Guotao, who thought he was "wise" than Mao Zedong and had led the army and horses, fled from Yan'an in early 1938 and defected to the Kuomintang, completely betrayed the Communist Party of China he founded himself. Mao Zedong, who was quite "despised", was elected as Chairman of the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China, Chairman of the Political Bureau of the Central Committee, and Chairman of the Central Secretariat at the Seventh National Congress of the Communist Party of China. Mao Zedong Thought was established as the guiding ideology of the whole party.
Mao Zedong absented the second National Congress because he "forgot the place where the meeting was held and could not find any comrades." From July 16 to 23, 1922, the Second National Congress of the Communist Party of China was held in the British Concession in Chengdu, Shanghai. Those who represented 195 party members from all over the country attended the conference include: Chen Duxiu, Zhang Guotao, and Li Da, members of the Central Bureau of Central Bureau, Yang Mingzhai in Shanghai, Luo Zhanglong in Beijing, Wang Jinmei in Shandong, Xu Baihao in Hubei, Cai Hesen in Hunan, Tan Pingshan in Guangzhou, Li Zhenying in Guangzhou, and Li Zhenying in China's Labor Union Secretary Department, and Shi Cuntong, representative of the Provisional Central Bureau of the China Socialist Youth League. One of the representatives has an unknown name. Mao Zedong, a representative of the First Congress, did not attend the conference.
In view of the lessons learned by the police intrusion and search of the First Congress of the Communist Party of China a year ago, the Second Congress adopted extremely strict security and confidentiality measures: reduce the number of plenary meetings and held only three plenary meetings. Except for the first plenary meetings held at Li Da’s house, the other two were held in other places in public concessions; the party members were divided into several groups and held small meetings in different locations to discuss general issues.
Because of the good work of confidentiality, although the reactionary military and police, police officers, police officers and secret spies in the Shanghai Concession
smelled the news of "Chen Duxiu and others' secret meeting" in advance, no matter how hard they tried, they could not catch clues about the convening of the Second Congress of the Communist Party of China.
1921, our party held its first congress. Among the twelve representatives, the ones who are alive are still Communists (the ones who have been rebellious like Zhang Guotao do not count), one is Chen Tanqiu, who is now imprisoned by the Kuomintang in Xinjiang, and the other is Dong Biwu, who is now flying to , San Francisco , and I am the same. Among the twelve representatives, there are two who are now traitors in Nanjing, one is Zhou Fohai , and the other is Chen Gongbo . It will be held in July, and we now set July 1st as the anniversary of the party. It was originally opened in Shanghai, but because the police station wanted to catch people, it ran to Nanhu, Jiaxing, Zhejiang, and was driven on the boat. Did you issue a declaration? I don't remember it. There was no more understanding of how much Marxism was involved and how to do things in the world at that time. The so-called representative, how can comrades be so smart now, know this and that. I don’t know what economy, culture, party affairs, rectification, etc. That was what I was like at the time, and the others were almost the same. Chen Duxiu did not attend the meeting at that time, and he was the director of education in Guangdong. There is a saying in our Chinese " Zhuangzi ": "The beginning is simple, and the end will be huge." Now we have not "finished", it is already very big.
In May 1922, Mao Zedong was sent to Shanghai by the Hunan Party organization to lead the movement against Hunan warlord Zhao Hengti. That is to say, he arrived in Shanghai two months before the Second Congress of the Communist Party of China , but why did he not attend the conference? In 1936, Mao Zedong himself recalled to the visiting American journalist Snow in , in , Snow , saying: "That year (1922) winter (note: summer) the Second Party Congress was held in Shanghai. I wanted to attend, but I forgot the meeting place and couldn't find any comrades, so I couldn't attend."
The reason for the failure to attend, which recalled Mao Zedong's recollection of the failure to attend can also prove the strictness and meticulousness of the confidentiality work of the Second Congress of the Communist Party of China.
Mao Zedong attended the Third Congress of the Communist Party of China and entered the core level of the central leadership for the first time
From June 12 to 20, 1923, the Third National Congress of the Communist Party of China was held at the 31st Orphanage in Dongshan, Guangzhou. The famous "Southern Chenbei Li" (Chen Duxiu, Li Dazhao) attended the conference. Mao Zedong, Cai Hesen, Chen Tanqiu, Yun Daiying, Qu Qiubai, Zhang Guotao, Li Lisan, Xiang Ying and other outstanding figures in the history of the Communist Party of China attended the conference. He can be regarded as a hero and hero, and he is in the midst of the times. A "foreign face" also appeared at this conference - Comintern representative Marin.
The Third Congress of the Communist Party of China established the strategic policy of Communist Party members joining the Kuomintang as individuals and cooperating within the party with the Kuomintang. The conference elected 9 people including Chen Duxiu, Cai Hesen, Li Dazhao, Tan Pingshan, Wang Hebo, Mao Zedong, Zhu Shaolian, , Xiang Ying, Luo Zhanglong and other members as Central Committee members; Chen Duxiu, Cai Hesen, Mao Zedong, Luo Zhanglong and Tan Pingshan formed the Central Bureau, with Chen Duxiu as the chairman and Mao Zedong as the secretary.
Mao Zedong was elected as secretary of the Central Bureau and entered the core level of the Communist Party of China for the first time.
Some documents record that the secretary of the three central bureaus was not Mao Zedong, but Luo Zhanglong. The "Notice of the Fifth Notice of the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China" released by the Central Archives Bureau many years later revealed the answer.
On September 10, 1923, the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China issued the fifth notice, announcing personnel changes of the Central Bureau: "The Central Bureau Group changed slightly after it moved to Shanghai, and sent Comrade Pingshan to Guangdong and joined Comrade Hebo to join the Central Bureau. Comrade Runzhi (i.e. Mao Zedong) went to Hunan for the sake of affairs, and the secretary position was also served by the accountant Comrade Zhang Long." Based on this, it can be inferred that Mao Zedong was the secretary of the Central Bureau elected by the three Central Committees, and Luo Zhanglong was his successor.
The "Organization Law of the Central Executive Committee of the Communist Party of China" passed by the Third National Congress specifically stipulates: "All letters from this party must be signed by the Chairman and Secretary." "All meetings of the Executive Committee must be convened by the Chairman and Secretary, and the meeting schedule will be attached." This shows that Mao Zedong, who has just entered his thirties, has a position within the party as the secretary of the Central Bureau, second only to Chairman Chen Duxiu.
Mao Zedong's inspection report was recuperating in Shaoshan and failed to participate in the four major
January 1924 cooperation with the Kuomintang and the Communist Party 2, Communist Party member Mao Zedong joined the Kuomintang again and attended the First National Congress of the Kuomintang held in Guangzhou and was elected as an alternate executive member of the Central Committee. After the meeting, he went to the Shanghai Executive Department of the Kuomintang and served as the secretary of the Organization Department, and the director of the Organization Department was Hu Hanmin, a veteran of the Kuomintang; Mao Zedong also acted as the director of the Secretariat's Documentary Section.
However, Ye Chuyi and other right-wing Kuomintang members strongly opposed the cooperation between the Kuomintang and the Communist Party, which not only blocked Mao Zedong's normal work, but also "took all his might to drive Mao away"; within the Communist Party of China, Li Lisan and others laughed at him as "Hu Hanmin's secretary." In the internal and external attacks, Mao Zedong was exhausted both physically and mentally, and became ill after overwork. He returned to his hometown of Shaoshan, Hunan in December 1924 to recuperate.
One month after Mao Zedong returned to Shaoshan, the Fourth National Congress of the Communist Party of China was held in Shanghai from January 11 to 22, 1925. 20 people attended the conference, including Chen Duxiu, Cai Hesen, Qu Qiubai, Tan Pingshan, Zhou Enlai, Peng Shuzhi, Zhang Tailei, Chen Tanqiu, Li Weihan, Li Lisan, Wang Hebo, Xiang Ying, Xiang Jingyu, etc., representing 994 party members across the country. Vycinsky, the representative of the Communist International, also attended the conference. Mao Zedong was unable to attend because he was recuperating in Shaoshan.
The Fourth National Congress of the Communist Party of China passed 14 documents, proposing that proletarian must grasp the leadership of the democratic revolutionary movement, and raise the labor and peasant alliance issue. This conference changed the grassroots organization of the Communist Party of China from "group" to "branch", and stipulated that "one branch must be established if there are more than three party members"; the highest leader of the party is changed from "chairman" to "General Secretary", and the leaders of the party at all levels are called "secretaries". These titles have been passed down to this day.
Although he did not attend the Fourth National Congress of the Communist Party of China, Mao Zedong was recuperating his illness in Shaoshan, while summarizing the experience and lessons of the revolution, and established a party branch in Shaoshan to actively carry out the peasant movement, which laid the practical foundation for him to write "Analysis of All Classes in Chinese Society".
At the Fifth National Congress of the Communist Party of China, Mao Zedong's proposal was rejected
From April 27 to May 9, 1927, the Fifth National Congress of the Communist Party of China was held in Wuhan. There were 82 representatives attending the conference, representing 57,967 party members. Mao Zedong attended the conference.
In the first few months of attending the Fifth National Congress of the Communist Party of China, from January 4 to February 5, 1927, Mao Zedong, who was known as the "king of the peasant movement" and presided over the peasant movement training institute, conducted in-depth investigations into the peasant movement movements in five counties including Xiangtan, Hunan, Xiangxiang , Hengshan , Liling , and Changsha, and mastered the vivid and rich first-hand information of . After the investigation, he returned to No. 41, Dufudi, Wuchang's residence, and Mao Zedong wrote a quick writing and wrote the "Hunan Peasant Movement Inspection Report", which was published in publications such as "Soldiers" and " Guide " on March 5, arousing widespread attention.
When preparing for the Fifth National Congress of the Communist Party of China, Mao Zedong proposed to submit the proposals formed by the Joint Conference of the Agricultural Association of Hunan, Hubei, Jiangxi and Guangdong Provinces on "widely redistribute land" and "rapidly strengthen the struggle of farmers" to the conference for discussion, but was rejected by Chen Duxiu.
After the proposal was rejected, Mao Zedong criticized Chen Duxiu's mistakes in treating farmers in his speech at the conference, and advocated organizing and arming farmers and quickly strengthening the struggle of farmers. He also tried to attract the representatives' attention to the peasant revolution by sending the "Hunan Peasant Movement Inspection Report" to the representatives. After he handed over the "Report on the Hunan Peasant Movement" to the Secretariat of the Conference, the Secretariat mimeographed 300 copies. During the group discussion on May 2, the head of the Secretariat arranged a special person to distribute it to the delegates. But after just posting more than twenty copies, Peng Shuzhi discovered it when he insisted on the right-leaning erroneous proposition. Peng Shu's order was stopped immediately and reported to Chen Duxiu, who was also very annoyed. Peng Shuzhi ordered the order to withdraw more than 20 reports sent out immediately.
The Fifth National Congress of the Communist Party of China elected the Central Committee of the Party, composed of 31 formal members and 14 alternate members. The Fifth Central Committee of the Communist Party of China was subsequently held to elect Chen Duxiu, Cai Hesen, Li Weihan, Qu Qiubai, Zhang Guotao, Tan Pingshan, Li Lisan and Zhou Enlai as members of the Political Bureau of the Central Committee, and Su Zhaozheng, Zhang Tailei and others as alternate members; Chen Duxiu, Zhang Guotao, and Cai Hesen were elected as members of the Standing Committee of the Political Bureau of the Central Committee, and Chen Duxiu was elected as General Secretary. Mao Zedong was only elected as an alternate member of the Central Executive Committee and was excluded from the core leadership of the Central Committee.
Mao Zedong absented the Sixth Congress of the Communist Party of China at the age of 1928, but was elected as a member of the Central Committee. From June 18 to July 11, 1928, due to the serious white terror in China, the Sixth Congress of the Communist Party of China was secretly held in a "silver villa" in Zvinigorod Town, the suburb of Moscow, the capital of the Soviet Union. A total of 142 representatives attended the conference, including 84 representatives with voting rights. Mao Zedong did not attend the conference.
Why did Mao Zedong not attend the Sixth National Congress of the Communist Party of China? Zhou Enlai later explained to this: "It was difficult to ask Comrade Mao Zedong to go at that time." Specifically, there were the following difficulties:
First, there were both news and information, and they could not be connected. After Mao Zedong led his troops to Jinggangshan , he contacted the Shanghai Provisional Central Committee many times, but failed. The Provisional Central Committee also sent people to find Mao Zedong, but they "never once" connected with him, so that "their opinions cannot be achieved." It was not until the end of May 1928 that the left-behind central government received a written report sent by Mao Zedong on May 2. At this time, the representatives of the Sixth National Congress set off for Moscow as early as April, so even if Mao Zedong was notified to attend the Sixth National Congress, it was too late.
Secondly, Mao Zedong was criticized and unfairly punished in the party for leading troops to Jinggang. Before the Sixth National Congress of the Communist Party of China, Mao Zedong was repeatedly punished by the Provisional Central Committee for "completely violating the central strategy" in the process of leading the Autumn Harvest Uprising of : At the enlarged meeting of the Politburo in November 1927, he was "exposed as an alternate member of the Provisional Political Bureau of the Central Committee" and "revoked the current member of the (Hunan) Provincial Party Committee." In March 1928, the Hunan Provincial Party Committee implemented the central instructions to cancel the Communist Party of China's Front Committee with Mao Zedong as secretary. Under such circumstances, Mao Zedong was naturally not among the six representatives designated by the Provisional Central Committee.
Third, the front line of the Jinggangshan struggle is also inseparable from Mao Zedong. At that time, the military struggle in Jinggangshan was very cruel and fierce, and it was difficult to gain a foothold without Mao Zedong's strong and correct leadership. In order to preserve and develop the "spark fire" on Jinggangshan, Mao Zedong could not escape and attend the only congress held overseas in the history of the Communist Party of China.
Before going to Moscow to convene the Sixth National Congress, members of the Standing Committee of the Provisional Politburo of the CPC Central Committee decided that Li Weihan and Ren Bishi would stay and be responsible for the daily work of the central government. On May 25, 1928, after receiving Mao Zedong's written report, Li Weihan, a member of the left-behind central government, wrote a letter to the delegation of the Communist Party of China to the Executive Committee of the Communist International. In the letter, Li Weihan used a large amount of space to introduce the situation of the land revolution, and used words such as "The situation in Hunan and Jiangxi is quite good" to highly evaluate the struggle of the Jinggangshan base area led by Mao Zedong.
After Li Weihan's letter arrived in Moscow, his copy was sent to Stalin , Bukharin and others on June 26 by Miff , head of the Oriental Secretariat of the Communist International. The letter's introduction to the CCP's land revolution, especially the publicity of the struggle achievements of the Jinggangshan base area led by Mao Zedong, enriched the Communist International's understanding of the CCP's land revolution.Mao Zedong and The political influence of the revolutionary base of Jinggangshan expanded from a corner to the top of the Communist International and the Communist Party of the United Nations (Brazzard).
Li Weihan's letter was delivered just during the Sixth National Congress of the Communist Party of China, and before the election of Central Committee member on July 10. Li Weihan's letter also strengthened the confidence and determination of the six deputies to lead the peasant revolution and establish rural separatism to a certain extent. After fierce debate, the Central Committee's great initiative against Mao Zedong changed from opposing to supporting . In this way, under the influence of factors such as the fact that the Jinggangshan struggle has achieved remarkable results and the strong recommendation of Miff, the head of the Oriental Secretariat of the Communist International, Mao Zedong became a representative of the pioneering consciousness and the correct line within the Communist Party of China. On July 10, Mao Zedong was nominated by Miff and elected by the Congress as a member of the Central Committee, ranking 12th among the 23 Central Committee members.
Mao Zedong was absent from the Sixth National Congress of the Communist Party of China but was elected as a member of the Central Committee. Later in the Central Soviet Area, although he was attacked and excluded and lost his military command, he has always been a member of the Central Committee. This left an opportunity for his rise on Zunyi Conference . The identity of the Central Committee member gave Mao Zedong the right to speak and vote at the Zunyi Conference, thus criticizing and liquidating the wrong military line of Bo Gu and Li De.
From the Seventh National Congress to the Tenth National Congress, Mao Zedong did not read the political report in accordance with the book
From the Seventh National Congress to the Tenth National Congress of the Communist Party of China, Mao Zedong, as the supreme leader of the whole party, was naturally the core of the conference. It is worth noting that at these four conferences, Mao Zedong did not read the political report as per the book.
On April 24, 1945, the Seventh National Congress of the Communist Party of China held a plenary meeting in the Central Auditorium of Yangjialing, Yan'an. Mao Zedong drafted a written political report on " on the United Government " and sent it to the representatives before the meeting. At the meeting, Mao Zedong did not read "On the United Government" in the book, but instead made an oral report on some of the issues. Mao Zedong's oral report was rich in content, easy to understand, humorous, and caused bursts of laughter and applause from time to time, which deepened the representatives' understanding and grasp of the spirit of the report on "On the United Government".
The Eighth National Congress of the Communist Party of China was held in the Beijing CPPCC Auditorium from September 15 to 27, 1956. The political report of the Eighth National Congress was read out by Liu Shaoqi, and Mao Zedong delivered the "HTM1 Opening Speech ". In his opening speech, he emphasized: "Even if our work has achieved extremely great results, there is no reason to be proud of oneself. humility makes people progress, pride makes people fall behind, we should always remember this truth." This opening speech, which is less than 3,000 words, won the long-lasting applause and cheers at the scene. During the break of the conference, when the representatives praised the wonderful opening speech, Mao Zedong said unexpectedly: "This is not what I wrote. It is a young and strong school named Tian Jiaying , and I am my secretary."
Mao Zedong's report and speech at the CCP meeting are generally not allowed to be written by others, and they are all done by themselves. The opening speech of the Eight Major is an exception.
The Ninth National Congress of the Communist Party of China was held in Beijing from April 1 to 24, 1969. Mao Zedong presided over the opening ceremony and delivered a brief opening speech. The political report was read out by Lin Biao.
The 10th National Congress of the Communist Party of China was held in Beijing from August 24 to 28, 1973. Although Mao Zedong attended and presided over the conference, he was seriously ill and did not speak. Zhou Enlai made a political report to the conference on behalf of the central government. At the closing ceremony of this conference, the delegates stood up and applauded and watched Chairman Mao leave, but a sad scene happened.
According to Mao Zedong's head nurse Wu Xujun, recalled: "When the meeting was announced that day, I saw him pressing down with both hands on the chair and pressing hard. He wanted his body to support him. So I immediately asked someone to help him and move the chair back so that he could stand firm. At this time, the stage and the audience clapped and cheered for a long time, lasting for more than ten minutes. The Prime Minister found that the Chairman's legs were trembling, so he asked the Chairman to sit down, and the Chairman sat heavily on the chair without any scruples, without moving. The representatives from the audience continued to cheer to Chairman Mao." At this time, the clever Zhou Enlai rescued the venue and said: Chairman Mao wanted to watch everyone leave the venue.
That's it. Mao Zedong, who was 80 years old and seriously ill, sat on the rostrum and watched the delegates leave. ended his glorious journey of attending the National Congress of the Communist Party of China in a unique way.
Three years later, on September 9, 1976, Mao Zedong, the main founder and great leader of the Communist Party of China, passed away.
( Lu Zhidan original, welcome to forward, plagiarism is not allowed)
