text/Li Guochun
Today Tongcheng and Tongyang counties, before 1949, it was originally a county. The local academy says that Tongcheng is beautiful: "North Gorge and Nanxia block the north, Hengshan and two dragons block the front; Shahe and trailers control the right, Yangtze River 3 limit the east. The rivers and lakes on the surface and the surrounding mountains and lakes are surrounded by mountains and lakes." (Page 17 of "Tongcheng Successed County Chronicles·Yudizhi" in the seventh year of Daoguang in the Qing Dynasty, Huangshan Bookstore , April 2018, 1st edition) The territory of Tongcheng "southeast and narrow northwest: 200 miles to the boundary of Wuwei Prefecture in Luzhou Prefecture in the east; 70 miles to the boundary of Huaining County in the south; 60 miles to the boundary of Qianshan County in the west; 50 miles to the boundary of Shucheng County in the north. The boundary of Shucheng County in the southeast is 160 miles to the boundary of Guichi County in the south; 60 miles to the boundary of Qianshan County in the south; 60 miles to the boundary of Qianshan County in the southwest; 30 miles to the boundary of Shucheng County in the northeast; 50 miles to the boundary of Lujiang County in the northeast." (Same as above) In the 1995 edition of "Tongcheng County Chronicles", in the early Ming Dynasty, Tongcheng County had a population of only 58,000. After the Kangxi and Qianlong period, the world was peaceful for many years and the people were recuperating. By the first year of Xianfeng (1851), Tongcheng's population was the highest in history, with a total of 32,1951 households and a total of 301,4761 people. After the Republic of China, Xiantong had repeatedly experienced wars, disasters and diseases, and the population had sharply decreased. However, by 1948, there were still 11,6,307 households in the county, with a total of 83,3889 people." (("Tongcheng County Chronicles·Population" page 132, Huangshan Bookstore, September 1995, 1st edition") It is no exaggeration to be so wide and popular, and it is known in history as "Liangjiang Opera City".
However, this large county with mountains and rivers and rural customs was initially analysed into two counties in the 38th year of the Republic of China (1949). This major event was recorded in the Anqing District Chronicle, the 1995 edition of Tongcheng County Chronicle, and the 1998 edition of Tongyang County Chronicle, and the later text is detailed. However, the idea of analyzing the county's division and governance has been long-standing. As early as the early Republic of China, the motion to analyse Tongcheng County into two was brewing among the folks in Tongyi East and South Township. The statement that people in the east and south have long heard of the other people's request for another governance, but I don't know how to listen to it. I have always been ignorant and ignorant. I have been living in a small room and rarely heard of the world's affairs, and I am not familiar with new data techniques. Fortunately, I happened to be on WeChat Moments and friends recently. I learned that " Kongfuzi Old Book Network " has a rare lead-printed version of Tongcheng Chen Danran and 44 people including 44 people in Tongcheng . I was very happy that this rumor was found to confirm it. When I opened the book, it was nearly two thousand words, half clear and half blurred. After careful identification and guessing, I recorded the original text. After reading it, I learned the general idea, so I followed the clues, compiled relevant documents and historical materials, guessed and analyzed, and put them into bad texts, and wrote more and wrote less, with the intention of teaching readers.
# Cheung Chen Danran #
To understand the general meaning of the article "The establishment of another county seat in the southeastern township of Tongcheng", we must first roughly understand Mr. Chen Danran, the leader of the "Qi". "Anhui Chronicles·Biography·Biography of Chen Danran" records: "Chen Danran's courtesy name is Jingtan and his pseudonym was Jiantan (Note: Mr. born in the ninth year of Xianfeng in the Qing Dynasty (1859)) "Tongcheng School Dictionary" page 92: Named Huitang, Huainan Yuyin, another name is Hui monk) is from Tongcheng. He can be When writing a writing, it is considered to be a special person. Since the family is poor, it is hard to learn. There should be thousands of people in Tongcheng who are in charge of the exam. They are indifferent to the masses, and their clothes are worn out, their appearance is simple, and they disdain to modify themselves. Instead, they regard the group as inferior. However, their writing is particularly strong, and they are extremely arrogant. " "Danran likes to discuss, write a thousand words, and do not use a hook and a thorn to avoid obscurity." (Volume 7 of "Anhui Biography") Disdain to modify, write a thousand words, and accurately express the unique style of Chen's 's lifelong behavior and writing.
"Anhui Chronicles·Biography of Biography" discusses Chen Danran "Although he was young, he was very particular about Tongcheng, and he was not interested in the virtues of the ancestors of Tongcheng; although he was inspired by ancient articles, he always liked the romance of the gangsters and Bai Qi , Rang Ju's sketch, and Sun Wu's book. It is also a matter of maritime affairs, and he was more and more eager to seek new Europeans' theory. Therefore, he was wise and wise, and he was finally attributed to Confucianism." (Volume 7 of "Anhui Chronicles·Biography of Biography") People at that time looked at it as "philosophical heroes". Chen wrote "Philosophical heroes" and said: "Philosophical heroes are the lifeline of mankind; chivalry is the spirit of the country" (similar to the above). According to this statement, philosophy is the essence of Chinese culture and can cultivate a person's thinking ability. However, chivalrous will be the general style of a gentleman, and a husband should take responsibility for the world as the world.Mr. Guan practiced this life goal in his life. He "likes to be a roaming man" and called himself "Sword Pond" in his later years. Isn't it clear that he is ambition?
Chen Danran once compiled the "Jianghuai Zhongyi Record" under the scene of Liu Kun, the governor of Liangjiang. He also wrote his own 20 volumes of "Jiang Biao Zhongyi" to write a biography of the heroes of Jianghuai who died generously in the Taiping Heavenly Kingdom War. He wrote "The Biography of Peng Yan" and said that the actor Peng Yan "was an actor in Wu and Yue in his young age. He recited four hundred songs of the north and south songs at the age of fifteen. He danced beautifully and danced with great strength, but he was particularly skilled in swordsmanship and was as vigorous as flying." ("The Biography of Peng Yan" first page of the lead-printed version of the first year of the Xuantong period of the Qing Dynasty, Beijing Library , electronic version of the Ancient Books Museum) The "Biography of Sun Wugong" he wrote highly praised the integrity of the famous minister of Tongcheng in the late Ming Dynasty, Sun Lin . The characters written are all serene and shine with the light of heroes.
wrote two volumes of "Xiaoyan", both of which are discussed and discussed. The first volume is a note on reading history, discussing "the way of change of the king and his subjects"; the second volume is a three commentary on the Jiawu period, discussing the changes in the current situation, and "understanding the urgent causes of changes in the world", such as "Opinions on Moving the Capital to Establish a Vast". In the preface of "Xiaoyan", he said: "I was fifteen years old and I was united in admiring the ancients' writings. I once lamented that the Han Dynasty's lyrics were prosperous and the collections of essays became popular. The Song Dynasty's quotations were complicated and the collections became more vulnerable. The many were even hundreds of volumes, and the remaining fewer. Therefore, I used the predicate that the lyrics were not enough to speak, and the words were not enough to be written, and it would never last forever." "I felt sad for ten years." So, "I swear to melt the entire history of China and abroad into a compilation." ("Xiaoyan·Shuyi" 2nd page of the 28th year of Guangxu in the Qing Dynasty, Ancient Books Museum Network Electronic Edition)
It is precisely because Chen Danran had the thoughts of philosophers and the spirit of a chivalrous man that he had the bold ambition of "I cannot be written without speaking, and what he said and did, and followed this ambition throughout his life. In addition to historical theories, all the "Proposal of Moving the Capital to Establish a Vast", "Proposal of Heilongjiang", "Commentary on the Implementation of Chen Zhengbing", "Commentary on the Implementation of Chen Nan and the Military Strategy of Chen South and the Military Message of Chen Korea" are all strategies for observing current affairs, involving the principles of administrative establishment, the key to governance, and military border defense. The two memorials that have not been included in his collection include "Please Open the Daohe Plan for Treating the Roots" and "The Establishment of Another County Town in the Southeast Township of Tongcheng". Although it refers to the people's livelihood and rural governance in a place, it actually reflects Chen Danran's approach to implementing the world's economy and concerning the people's ambitions. The general description of "Please open the Donghe River to treat the root cause" is quoted in the citation of the Dragon Dragon in Tian'an, which can be used as a reference. This article only describes its general description after reading "The establishment of another county seat in the southeastern township of Tongcheng".
# Reasons for establishing a county seat #
"The establishment of another county seat in the southeast township of Tongcheng" has a total of 1755 words. After the article, the collector Zhu Mobang criticized "Written by Mr. Chen Tanran in the 17th year of the Republic of China" eleven words, which can prove the time of the presentation. The whole article mainly states the necessity of establishing another county seat in the east and south townships of Tongcheng from four aspects.
First of all, Tongyi has a vast land and public security is not easy. says that the terrain of Tongcheng is like a folding fan, the county seat is a fan brain, and the east and south townships are still fan corners. The county seat is located in Tongbei, and the east and south towns are surrounded by rivers, lakes and mountains. It is vast and hidden. It is also across the river and faces each other with Chizhou . The residents are mixed and it is very easy to gather people as bandits and thieves. Because they are too far away from the county seat, bandits and thieves are not easy to detect. Once bandits and thieves are in trouble, the disaster will be the innocent. When they arrive at the magistrate, how can they arrive quickly? It often leads to chaos.
Check the relevant historical materials. The so-called situation where bandits rise but the county soldiers cannot reach quickly. Fang Jiang, Tongcheng, Qing Dynasty, recorded it in "Homeland Records", such as "on the 28th day of the first lunar month, more than 200 bandits pretended to be bandits and were about to plunder Tongyang. ... Tongyang Cangji was all entrusted by bandits (Taiping Army). No natives dared to take them, and no one could raise funds for the big camp to discuss the funds." Another example is "on June 5th of the third year of Xianfeng, bandits (Taiping Army) invaded Tongyang... The inspector's seal passed the wall to escape." As the saying goes, "The inspector's seal passed the wall to escape" is a historical fact that the east and south towns are far away from the county seat, and soldiers and bandits invaded, and the government is beyond the reach of the government. There are many such incidents, passed down from generation to generation by the villagers, and their descendants remember them deeply.
However, the "bandit" situation mentioned in the presentation is inevitably biased. In the article, "In the 26th year of the Guangxu period, Ge Kuanhai rose from Laozhou, gathered 3,000 people, but the magistrate had no idea."("The establishment of another county seat in the southeastern township of Tongcheng") was a major civil unrest that affected Dongxiang in history. Three thousand people gathered in the water town. Isn't it because officials forced the people to rebel? By the beginning of the Republic of China, the "civil rebellion" also began one after another. "Anqing District Chronicles·Great Events" and "Tongyang County Chronicles·Great Events" both recorded the beginning of the Republic of China to 17 years. During these decades, nine streams of bees in the east and south towns of Tongcheng were circulating, which shows the current situation of the horror of the male bees in the land of Guling:
In the 4th year of the Republic of China (1915), "Tobacco farmers in Dongxiang of Tongcheng opposed the public sale of tobacco and alcohol, and destroyed the main gate of the tobacco and alcohol sales bureau. ) (Page 30 of "Anqing District Chronicles", Huangshe Bookstore, December 1995, edition) In that year, the first "rice buying trend" occurred in Tongyang Town, due to food deficit. ” (1998 "Tongyang County Chronicles", page 17, 1918) "On the night of January 6, Zhang Pinshan, a revolutionary in Tongyang Town, Tongcheng County, gathered dozens of people to incite, seized the water police guns and bullets, established a headquarters, and raised the military flag to fight against Ni (Sichong). ” (1995 "Anqing District Chronicle", page 31) In 16th year of the Republic of China (1927) "In February, the first branch of the second party department of the Kuomintang left-wing Tongcheng County was established in Tongyang, with 32 party members", (1998 "Tongyang County Chronicle", page 18) The so-called "Korean Party Left" refers to officials and officials in the county party department who tend to revolution, such as Xu Yifu, the secretary of the Tongcheng County Party Department of the Kuomintang later. In October of the 16th year of the Republic of China (1927), Zhang Zhuming and Zhang Xuande, Zhang Luanxiang, etc. instigated Zhang Ziru, the leader of the Tanggou Self-Defense Corps, to riot and establish the "Tongdong People's Self-Defense Corps". ” (1998 Tongyang County Chronicles, page 19)
In the eyes of the people at that time, one side was uneasy: idle people, stealing and taking, the villagers hated it; brave and powerful people occupied the mountain and became kings, and the villagers feared it. Officials forced the people to rebel and even launched a revolutionary riot, and the authorities also despised the "Red Bandits" and regarded it as a flood. In the turbulent times, fish and dragons were mixed. The so-called "bandits" in the village were not distinguished by good or evil. This was something that the people in the village could not recognize even the gentry and wise men at that time. No.
Secondly, the county seat is far away, and flood control is weak. article says: East and South Townships are surrounded by rivers and lakes, with many polder fields, frequent floods occur. Whenever the river water rises, internal and external floods occur. The county seat is hundreds of miles away. The government is unable to do anything and lacks manpower to cooperate. The power of protecting the dike is obviously weak. "Frequently, the river rises and the dike is dangerous, or if it is fighting and injured, they have to seek knowledge and go back quickly. Officials cannot arrive on the scene for five or six days, but when they arrive, the dike has collapsed and all the fields are over. ” ("The establishment of another county seat in Tongcheng Southeast Township")
"Qi" states that before immigration in the early Ming Dynasty, the water town lake area in the southeast was sparsely populated. If you don't quickly apply good strategies and manage them in counties, every time you suffer from floods and bandits, the poor in the east and south towns will become poorer, and the rich will go far away to seek foreign lands. In this way, "in less than ten years, the southeast will be in a miserable situation of 100 miles of smoke-free 100 miles in the late Yuan Dynasty and early Ming Dynasty." "So, "Dan Ran and others have made plans to think: they must build a county town in a moderate place in the southeast, and set up a county in a separate area. "("The county seat of Tongcheng Southeast Township was established in another county")
Tongcheng East and Nanxiang are bordered by rivers and lakes, and rivers are crisscrossing in the territory. The east water of Tonghuai Qianlu Mountains is injected, and historical floods are frequent. "Anqing District Chronicles" record: "In the 20th year of the Guangxu period, the Yangtze River embankment of Guangjiwei collapsed. ” (1995 "Anqing District Chronicle" page 25) In the 27th year, "On June 28, heavy rains were heavy for 4 days and nights, and the dikes along the river collapsed. "In August of the 34th year, there were major floods in various counties in Anqing Prefecture, and all the dikes of large and small dikes were washed away, and a vast ocean of 100 miles up and down" (1995 "Anqing District Chronicles" pages 26-27) The "Tongcheng County Chronicles" records that there were many floods in the east and south towns, such as "heavy rains from May to August of the third year of Daoguang, and the southeast dikes of Tongcheng became a country of ze"; "On February 20th of the first year of Xianfeng, black rain fell. In autumn, rats are growing in groups along the river, endangering crops. "In the fourth year of the Republic of China, mountain torrents broke out" the southeastern embankment area became a country of zodiac. ” (1995 "Tongcheng County Chronicles" pp. 16 and 18) Chen Danran and others presented the first year of "Qi" in the summer of the 16th year of the Republic of China, heavy rains caused disasters. Tonghuai Qianwang and other counties rained for 18 days, floods became disasters, and autumn crops were flooded 80%. ” (1995 "Anqing District Chronicle" page 37) Until the beginning of the founding of New China, the flood was not managed: “At 1:30 pm on July 2, 1954, the Laozhou Shaobao section of the Yangtze River embankment began to collapse and collapsed at 4:00 pm... Except for Yongdengwei, all the 82-level civilian embankments in the county were collapsed.403,000 mu of farmland were flooded, 145,000 houses collapsed, and the number of people affected reached 396,000. "Fortunately, the government organized disaster relief in a timely manner: "In July, grain was transferred from other places one after another. By October of the following year, a total of 53,000 kilograms of grain were transferred, and 1.34 million yuan of disaster relief funds were received, 27,432 cotton coats and 3,119 quilts were received. ” (1998 Tongyang County Chronicles》 Page 29)
In history, many floods have caused heavy losses to Tongyang County . The gentry appealed for the people, and the truth is reasonable.
Third, officials do not supervise the leadership and are unable to reclaim wasteland. East and South towns north and south, east and south, and the situation is natural, with more than 100,000 mu of land. From Tongyang Town to Tuqiao, there are hundreds of dikes, and there are still many wastelands that have not been reclaimed. Add It is a tidal flat with rivers and lakes. It is a pity that there is no official organization and it is just an abandoned land. "In the 35th year of the Republic of China (1946), the Kuomintang government officials from Anhui Province, Xu Shiying, , Bai Wenmo, , Wu Zhongxin, , , Liu Heding, mei Lingao, etc., proposed to reclaim the Chenyao Lake Basin, and established the Pujiwei Reclamation Co., Ltd. in Dongxiang, Tongcheng County, and planned to develop 280,000 mu of farmland. By the time of the establishment of , the dike project was completed. ” (1998 "Tongyang County Chronicles", page 24) During the reign, tens of millions of people worked for several years in one battle, and they were rewarded by future generations. This battle cannot rule out the role of the original suggestions of the gentry such as Chen Danran.
The above three points are the most critical. Chen Danran and others believe that: "The situation is always shifting, north and south, east and west, and the county is only a hundred miles long, and the county is moderate, which is called easy to govern. "Therefore, the "Chengqi" suggests:
plans to divide the four guarantees of Yanghegang, Guanshan, Qingzhujian, Song Xuanzui, and Sanfengbo, and return to the southeast, called Xintong County. It is located in the original territory in the east, and the earth bridge reaches the river, and then the Wangjia of Guichi is located in the south, and the Wang family of Guichi is located in the south, and the one in the south is located in Guichi, so that each plan is convenient. The west is located in Yanghegang and Sanfengbo East is located in the east, and the heart of Kongcheng River to Tongyang Tiebanzhou. The heart of Kongcheng River is The west is still in Tongcheng County, and the east of the Kongcheng River is in Xintong. Both counties can protect the security of the two counties. This county is the most conveniently divided. ("The establishment of another county seat in Tongcheng Southeast Township")
Chen Tanran and others emphasized that the establishment of a new county must achieve three goals: the first is to be able to control thieves and bandits"; the second is to protect the dikes; the third is to be able to reclaim wasteland, this is the most important thing, and three must be easy to handle and the four areas are moderate before they can be built. "("The establishment of another county seat in Tongcheng Southeast Township") Finally, Chen Danran emphasized his top priority among the three: "Now the disaster in the southeastern Tongcheng is getting deeper and worse, so how can the county be managed by the subdistrict? ” ("The establishment of another county seat in Tongcheng Southeast Township")
The villagers realized at that time that "this matter is very important, and it will be hindered if it is not inquiry or advice. After the joint resolution of the gentry and public in Southeast Tourism Province, the case of daring to recruit nearby cases and having a map, the public will first conduct an investigation. "If the government can get the approval, then "I will ask for the two township meetings to accomplish the work. The letter of the Ming Dynasty guarantees someone to sign the contract so that he can submit it to the provincial government and submit it to the Central Government Commission for investigation and replies." However, the report was decades after the report was published, but it was left unresolved.
# Reasons for not taking other measures #
Christian Chen Danran was born in the late Qing Dynasty. His main political career and literary activities were in the early days of the Qing Dynasty. The commentator said that he "likes to talk, write a thousand words, and does not make things difficult for the clues. "This is to praise him for his keen thoughts, observing the changes in the world carefully, concerned about current affairs, and being upright in character, and daring to speak out in a blunt manner. "Anqing District Chronicle" records: In the first year of the Republic of China, the Anhui Provincial Provisional Parliament was established in Anqing , and Chen Danran in Tongcheng was one of the 41 members; in the fourth year of the Republic of China, the Anhui Provincial National Congress was held, and 60 people were elected, and Chen Danran in Tongcheng received the most votes. (1995 "Anqing District Chronicle" pages 28 and 30) When the "Establishment of another county seat in Tongcheng Southeast Township" was put into use, the 44 celebrities including Rufang Zhiwu, Shi Shuqing, Wang Zishou, etc., recommended Chen Danran to lead the lead, and the gentleman was ashamed of his leader.However, since the Song and Ming dynasties, Tongcheng has been divided into two groups, and they suddenly had the idea of brothers splitting up. They didn’t know what the county government and the people in the west and north would think of it? The appeal failed is a wishful thinking of a scholar in a mere corner, and the words of a person are light? Or are there other reasons such as political aspects? With today's eyes, looking at the changes in the world at that time, it is not difficult to analyze and examine the general reasons. Try to make a guess.
Chen Danran presented the article "Qi" and was about to be the director of Tongzhi in the provincial capital Anqing or hired for Anhui University. He was in the center of the administration of a province and interacted with celebrities from all walks of life. He should have activities in advance, and perhaps he had received the approval of some officials of the provincial government, and he was by no means a rash letter. The letter was submitted to the provincial government, but it was not clear whether it was possible. The reasons were complicated. Whether there was a reply or proposed implementation. People today do not understand the situation, but the current situation should be the main reason.
First, let’s take a look at what major events happened in China’s political situation when Chen Danran and others submitted the “Senior Qi”. We might as well repeatedly quote the relevant materials of the “Complete Book of the Kuomintang” published by Shaanxi People’s Publishing House in April 2001, so as to clearly understand the situation at that time.
"In 1926, Northern Expedition Army conquered Wuchang ,... Northern Expedition War achieved a major victory." "Nanjing National Politics was established on April 18." ("The Complete Book of the Kuomintang" Page 9, Shaanxi People's Publishing House, April 2001, 1st edition)
"After the establishment of the Nanjing regime, the factional struggle within the Kuomintang became increasingly intensified. The Central Party Department of the Wuhan Nationalist Party headed by Wang Jingwei , and the Central Party Department of the Shanghai Nationalist Party, mainly the "Xishan Conference Sect". The various factions were opposed to each other, among which the opposition between Wuhan and Nanjing was the most obvious, so it was also called the "Ninghan Opposition." "The Complete Book of the Kuomintang" page 14)
"On March 7, 1928, the Political Conference of the National People's Party changed its promotion of Chiang Kai-shek as chairman, Li Jishen, Li Zongren , Feng Yuxiang , Yan Xishan as chairman of the political branches of Guangzhou, Wuhan, Kaifeng and Taiyuan. Jiang Feng, Yan and Li jointly carried out the ' Northern Expedition ' again to attack Feng Zhang. On June 3, Zhang Zuolin gave up Beijing and withdrew from the customs." (The Complete Book of the Kuomintang" page 12)
This is the year before Chen Danran and others drafted the "Qing" article, and the Chinese political arena is full of storms. The Nanjing regime was established, and two forces confronted each other across the river. Later, they encountered the Central Plains war in and . The two tigers fought together, and there was a momentum of not being born in nature. At this time, some local gentry proposed to change administrative divisions, which was not good at the time. This is what those who judged the situation and measured the situation were not done. Let’s look at the current situation after the article “Qi” was published:
“In October 1929, a war between Chiang Kai-shek and Feng Yuxiang broke out.” “From April to November 1930, a larger-scale war between Chiang and Feng, Yan and Gui broke out.” (“The Complete Book of the Kuomintang”, page 14) The current situation is so chaotic, the Central Plains is competing for the destiny. Why not give it to the brilliance of the lords and gentlemen?
Let’s take a look at the situation in China after Mr. Chen Danran’s death: "In 1931, the 'September 18th Incident broke out. Chiang Kai-shek proposed the policy of 'Still the country'. Chiang Kai-shek's 'Standard' policy of 'Standard' in the country' includes two aspects: one is to suppress the anti-Chiang faction within the Kuomintang; the other is to calm the rising anti-Japanese and national salvation forces, and concentrate their efforts to "encircle and suppress" Red Army ." ("Complete Book of the Kuomintang" page 15)
In November of the same year, "Chiang Kai-shek's conflict with Hu Hanmin intensified at the Fourth Plenary Session of the Third Central Committee of the Kuomintang. After the meeting, Hu Hanmin was imprisoned. Tangshan, Nanjing. "After Chiang Kai-shek imprisoned Hu Hanmin, it aroused dissatisfaction within the Kuomintang. Hu Hanmin faction, Wang Jingwei faction, Sun Ke faction, Xishan Conference faction and local powerful faction in Guangdong and Guangxi gathered in Guangzhou to hold an extraordinary meeting of the Kuomintang Central Executive Committee and Supervisory Commission, and established a National Government to confront the Nanjing National Government, and a separatist situation in Ning and Guangdong formed." ("Complete Book of the Kuomintang" page 15) At the end of the year, Chiang Kai-shek issued a telegram to step down, and Lin Sen served as the chairman of the National Government, and Sun Ke served as the president of the Executive. Soon, Sun resigned and Wang Jingwei succeeded as the Executive President.
This is the case in the country, so what about the situation? Here we take a look at several political and military "major events" between the 15th (1926) and 20th (1931) recorded in the "Anqing City Chronicles" (pages 38-42 of Anqing City Chronicles, August 1997, 1st edition), and learn about the whole story and understand the political situation in Anhui Province at that time:
On November 8, 2015, the Anhui army was defeated by the National Revolution, and Chen Diaoyuan led the remnants of his troops to retreat to Susong. On December 16, all corporations in Anqing issued a telegram to declare that they would leave the warlords and implement boundary autonomy.
On March 6, 2016, the Kuomintang Anhui Temporary Provincial Party Committee moved back to Anqing. On March 8, the Northern Expedition Army entered Anqing. On March 20, the commander-in-chief of the Northern Expedition Army came to Anqing and... accused "Anhui of failure in work." On March 21, the Kuomintang Party Headquarters of Anhui Province and Anqing City invited Chiang Kai-shek to a banquet. Chiang Kai-shek ordered him (the left) to cooperate with the Xishan Conference faction and Chen Diaoyuan, but was rejected. In the 17th year of the Republic of China, Chiang Kai-shek came to Anqing and arrested the president of Anhui University, Liu Wendian, . In the 18th year of the Republic of China, the Anqing Municipal Government abolished it. On December 2, Qin Bin, the third division of Shiyou, launched a mutiny in Anqing. On September 7, 19, the Republic of China, citizens marched and demonstrated in Sipailou. The team passed through Sanpailou, Longmenkou, Sifangcheng and other places, shouting slogans such as "destroying the Kuomintang", "opposing the warlord melee", and "welcoming the Red Army". Forty or fifty people were arrested in the marchers. During this period, the central government was in a row with factions and the party was fighting against different parties, and there were no open and secret struggles for a day, which caused external troubles; local public security was also full of dangers. How could the National Government take into account the group of local gentry and literati in a remote corner of the riverside to present a plan to regulate chaos and calm the people with a innocent heart? Therefore, the "Tongyang County Chronicles" records: "The article "presented Anhui Provincial Government , but failed." (1998 "Tongyang County Chronicles" page 19) A scholar serving the country has more passion and blood, but it is contrary to the situation. It is inevitable that the ambition will not be fulfilled.
Mr. Chen Danran died suddenly in 1930, the third year after the submission was submitted, and he was seventy-one years old. The text of worrying about the world that the gentleman wrote in his heart was left behind for a long time. There are many latecomers who use it to talk about it.
In September 25 of the Republic of China (1936), the National Government assigned Guichi County Daxingwei and Jiuhewei to the fifth district of Tongcheng County, and Tongcheng County Niaoluozhou to the Guichi County. (Page 21 of the 1998 "Tongyang County Chronicles") At that time, Tongcheng County had five districts: the first district was established in the county town, the second district was established in Kongcheng, the third district was established in Laomeishu Street, the fourth district was established in Tongyang Town, and the fifth district was established in Tangjiagou. The fifth area is across the river from Guichi, and the birds fall to the continent are protected in the middle of the river. In his early years, people in Tongcheng East and Nanxiang called for "to protect the birds fall to the continent of Nanxiang to enter Guichi, so that each goal can be convenient" ("The establishment of another county seat in Tongcheng Southeast Township") received a response at this time. This adjustment sets a precedent for the adjustment of administrative divisions in Tongcheng since modern times. The reason for the implementation of local administrative division adjustments was that the domestic political situation was temporarily stable at that time. Historical data showed that in 1936, "the peaceful resolution of the Xi'an Incident ended the ten-year civil war, and China's political life entered a new stage, and the re-cooperation between the Kuomintang and the Communist Party began, and a new situation of peace emerged in the country." ("Comprehensive Book of the Kuomintang" page 18) Without a temporary stability, how can the government dominate and benefit the people?
# The whole reason for implementing another governance #
20 years after Chen Danran left, Tongyang County was precipitated from Tongcheng. The name of Xin County is Weixun, which Chen called "Xintong" at that time, nor is it called the ancient county name "Tongyang", but it is named "Tonglu". Going back to the source of "Tonglu", there is a long historical connection. Let’s make a rough review.
"Tong" and "Lu" are used as place names. It started before the Qin and Han dynasties. In the spring and autumn , there were " Tongguo ", "Tongxiang" and " Lujiang County " in the Han Dynasty. In recent years, Tongcheng and Lujiang County were established, which belonged to Anqing and Luzhou. "Tonglu" collectively known as "Tonglu" appeared in the Wanjiang River and probably began during the War of Resistance Against Japan. Tong and Lu counties are adjacent to each other, with mountains and rivers interdependent, people interact with each other, and the sound of chickens and dogs is heard. The New Fourth Army went north across the river and stationed the Seventh Division in Wuwei. The Wanjiang patriots fought against the enemy, and formed a front line of Wu, Lu, Tong, Huai and Qian, established a Communist Party organization and established an anti-Japanese base."Tongyang County Chronicles" records: "In May 29, 1940, the Communist Party of China Wudi (Asian) District Party Committee Secretary Wang Guangjun and the Secretary of the Lu (Jiang) South Working Committee Zheng Yueren, because of the search of Guangxi, transferred to the east of Tong (City), and met Lin Li at 300 feet, and changed the Tonghuaiqian Central County Party Committee of the Communist Party of China to Tonglu Qianhuai Wudi County Party Committee. Lin Li, the secretary, was located in Wangjiabo, Chenyaohu, East Tong (City). "In October, the Tonghuaiqian Central County Party Committee of the Communist Party of China was changed to Tonglu Wudi County Party Committee, and the secretary was Lu Sheng." (1998 Tongyang County Chronicles, page 22) "Tongcheng County Chronicles" also records: During this period, "the Chairman of the National Government of Anhui Province, Li Pinxian, successively assembled heavy troops to attack the anti-Japanese base area of Anhui Central and Central Anhui, and wiped out the anti-Japanese military and civilians in the landshuiwei and Qingshan of the Tonglu Wu County Committee of the Communist Party of China." (1995 "Tongcheng County Chronicles", page 22)
In May of the 30th year of the Republic of China (1941), the Tonghuai Qian Central County Committee was changed to the Tonglu Qianhuai Central County Committee. From September to October, it was divided into the Tonglu Wu County Committee (or Tongdong County Committee) and the Tonghuai Qian County Committee. From September to October, He Wei, secretary of the Party, Government and Military Committee of the 7th Division of the New Fourth Army, held a meeting of the Party leaders in Shuixu, announcing the abolition of the Communist Party of China's Tonglu Qianhuai Central County Committee and the establishment of the Tonglu Wu County Committee. (1998 "Tongyang County Chronicles", page 23) In December of the 31st year of the Republic of China (1942), "The Communist Party of China's Tonglu Wu County Committee was changed to the Tonglu County Committee, and the secretary was He Zhiyuan, and the county party committee was located in Shuiwei, Chenyaohu." (1998 "Tongyang County Chronicles", page 23) This is the earliest historical material that has been officially called the "Tonglu County Committee" in the local party history. In the 32nd year of the Republic of China (1943), "The 7th Division of the New Fourth Army established the Yangtze River Detachment, and Lin Weixian was appointed as the commander; the Communist Party of China's Yangtze River Prefectural Committee was also established at the same time, with the Tonglu County Party Committee, Tonghuaiqian County Party Committee and Hubin County Party Committee." (1998 "Tongyang County Chronicles" page 23) "In February, the Tonglu County Party Committee of the Communist Party of China was changed to the Hubin County Party Committee." (1998 " Tongyang County Chronicles》 Page 24)
In the 36th year of the Republic of China (1947), "The Tonglu Working Committee of the Communist Party of China was established and under the leadership of the Western Anhui Working Committee." In December of the same year, "The Tonglu County Committee of the Communist Party of China and the People's Democratic Government of Tonglu County were established." In October of the 37th year of the Republic of China (1948), Rao Shoukunshang, commander of the Advance Column of the East China Field Army, entered the Tonglu area and established the Chen Yaohu District Working Committee. ((1998《 Tongyang County Chronicles》 Pages 24-25) "Tongcheng County Chronicles·Great Events" records: "In early March of the 38th year of the Republic of China (1949), the entire territory of Tongcheng was liberated. On February 18, the Second Prefecture Committee of the West Anhui decided to divide Tongcheng County into Tonglu and Tongcheng counties." (1995 "Tongcheng County Chronicles" page 27) The "Tongyang County Chronicles" records a little more detailed: "On January 29, the Qianqiao and Yijin areas were liberated. On February 18, the Second Prefecture Committee of the West Anhui decided to abolish the old Tonglu County and return Tongcheng, Lujiang , Wuwei 3 The old county system was established, and Tonglu County was established, with Tongyang, Tanggou, Qianqiao, Yijin, Baiyun, Pogang and Chenhu. " (1998 "Tongyang County Chronicles" page 25) The Anqing District Chronicles records differently: "On March 18, 1949, the Tongcheng Prefectural Committee of the Communist Party of China announced that Tonglu County will be established in some areas of Dongxiang, Lujiang and Wuwei. " (1995 "Anqing District Chronicles" page 30)
About "The Second Anhui Prefectural Committee" and "Tongcheng Prefectural Committee" The Anqing District Chronicle also records: "On February 1, 38, the Anqing District Chronicle, in accordance with the instructions of the Anhui Military Region, the first and second military subdivisions in western Anhui were renamed Wanshan and Tongcheng Districts. At the same time, the First Prefecture Committee and the Second Prefecture Committee of the Communist Party of China were renamed Wanshan Prefecture Committee and Tongcheng District Committee." (1995 "Anqing District Chronicle", page 52) "Anqing City Chronicle" also records: "In February 1949, the Anqing District Chronicle, the Second Prefecture Committee of the Communist Party of China was renamed Tongcheng Prefecture Committee, and the Anhui Provincial Committee of the Communist Party of China was renamed Wanshan Prefecture Committee. On April 6, the Anhui Provincial Party Committee of the Communist Party of China was officially established, Zeng Xishengren appointed Secretary, and the Anhui Provincial Party Committee of the Communist Party of China was abolished." (1997 "Anqing" City Chronicles》 Pages 50-51)
On the eve of the founding of New China, the revolutionary armed forces under the leadership of the Communist Party of China have exercised the local administrative power of Tongcheng; the establishment of Tonglu County is actually a continuation of the leadership of the Communist Party of China in this region for decades since the Agrarian Revolutionary War. I personally think that it has the legal system of the red revolution. Many historical events throughout the ages have their causes and consequences. Sometimes, from the rise to the completion of a matter, it is often achieved by the ten or even decades of achievements in one battle.Although Chen Danran and other gentry proposed the reason for establishing another county seat at that time was very different from the purpose of the later red regime to implement the new Tonglu government, and the later zoning adjustment was not consistent with the former's idea, the different paths were the same, and the results were the same, and the authorities should consider the historical factors that the local people have been calling for for many years.
Since Chen Danran and other rural wise men first advocated the establishment of another county seat in Tongcheng Township, Tonglu County was officially separated from Tongcheng County. It took more than 20 years. During this period, Chinese society was internal and external troubles, political situations changed, people's livelihoods were in decline, and the division and integration of a county was ultimately difficult to implement. In early 1949, on the eve of the Battle of Crossing the River, the Second Prefectural Committee of the Communist Party of China decided to establish Tonglu County in all East Township, most of the South Township, and part of the North Township. In September, the county government officially launched the "Tonglu County People's Government Seal" issued by the Northern Anhui Administration (1998 "Tongyang County Chronicles" page 25). In February 1951, Tonglu County was renamed Hudong County , "Tonglu", the name of an ancient county in Zhejiang, which is mostly avoided the same name between the two counties; and Caizi and Baihu in the west of the newly established county, so it was named Hudong; in July 1955, Hudong County was renamed Tongyang County, and it has been used to this day. Tongyang, an ancient place name, is a region with rich cultural heritage.
Attachment: Tongcheng Southeast Township has another county seat, and the situation is extremely important. In the early Ming Dynasty, counties were established, and the four counties were originally formed into Yin'an in the east, Zhuangyang in the south, Cheng'an in the west, and Tongxiang in the north. The first chapter of the Hongwu is located in the lower part of Tongcheng County. It is still called a hundred miles southeast, and it is all uninhabited. Therefore, the large tribes in the southeast moved from Jiangnan during the Hongwu period. The city was built in the ninth year of Wanli . The county seat was far from the southeast and was partially northwest. They all took the southeast as a remote area. Fortunately, there have been many migrations, and gradually become a giant clan, with many talents emerging, making it a famous district. Since the Ming Dynasty, General Wang Sheng, Shangshu Qian Rujing , Chief Censor Zuo Guangdou , Censor Zuo Guangxian , Fujian Governor Ruan E , Guangxi Governor Fang Zhenru , Hubei Governor Fang Kongqing, Grand Secretary He Ruchong, Hubei Governor Li Zong Chuan , Jiangxi Nangan Town General Cheng Xueqi , Yao Xiuna, Fang Mizhi, Zhou Nongfu, Qian Tianjian, Wang Tianshan, Liu Haifeng , Zhou Pinhou, Zhang Pingshan, Qian Baiqu, Zhang Huanong, Xu Zeshen, Hu Dongtan, Wu Zhifu and other wise men, either serve the country with loyalty, with a record of a hundred generations, or have written books and passed down for thousands of years, and history has been passed down, and it is bright and shining. However, why is Qu Sheng’s hometown and his family have no family members to marry teachers and friends? The terrain is suspended, and it is far away from the county town. This is a general idea of the Southeast figures.
only cherish the county's more than 280 miles east and west, and more than 200 miles north and south. It is shaped like a folding fan, both in the east and west, and the city lives in the fan corner, and the city is on the north side, only ten miles to Shujie, closest to Northwest Township, and suspended in the southeast, which is really beyond reach. During the Datong Rebellion in the 26th year of the Guangxu period, Ge Kuanhai rose from Laozhou and gathered 3,000 people, but the magistrate had no idea. If you don’t realize it, you will be unable to bear to say anything about the disaster. Xiang Fei is far away from the county town, so why does it come from here! This is especially true for recent events.
, in the southeast, the riverside is bounded by a dozen miles up and down, and the distance from the city is 200 miles away. The land is so big that it is governed by a governor. He is in the north and has no help but has no help. Even a honest and honest person is incompetent. Often, the river rises and the dikes are dangerous, or they are fighting and injured, and they have to seek knowledge. The return is fast. The officials cannot arrive for five or six days. When they arrive, the dikes have collapsed and all the fields and cottages are left to Hong Tao. If they fail to test, the corpse has been corrupted. Even though it is peaceful, it is still the case. Besides, in a chaotic world, how can you bear to say anything? The most painful thing is that since the 13th year of the gangs in Dongxiang, they have been lewd and burned and killed, spreading to the north and south. In the past four years, the Japanese people have suffered disasters. All the people have been reported to the officials. When the officials fled, they have no chance to get any of them. However, after many people have been in trouble, they may ask for troops to search and kill them, and they cannot ask for any questions. Thirty or forty miles east of the county town, it has already been transformed into the Waimiao Man. With a little wealth, all of them avoid living in the provincial capital and their officials do not know what? The bandits are in the southeast, and officials cannot see them at once, and even if they see them, they will not be able to see them. However, all things in the provincial capital are extremely expensive, can Wu be safe for a long time? We must still return to the bandit cave. Following this, we will continue to change. The bandits will grow more and more often. In less than ten years, the southeast will inevitably lead to a tragic situation of 100 miles of smokelessness in the late Yuan Dynasty and early Ming Dynasty. If skin is peeled off and bones are seen, how can the provincial capital be safe? The disaster starts with the terrain hanging from the county town, which is a major strategy for urgent rescue in the southeast.Danran and others thought about it: they must build a county town in a moderate place in the southeast, and set up a county in a separate area.
has been established, and the situation is all the changes, north and south, east and west, and only a hundred miles away. The county is moderate, so it is called easy to manage. In the northwest of Tongcheng, there are two counties, Tongxiang and Cheng'an, with the west side of the south township as the gateway, and there is no dependence on the southeast. In the southeast, there are two counties, Yin'an and Tongyang, with unique doors and no reliance on the northeast. Both of them have big mountains as obstacles, and there are big lakes in the middle, north, south, east, and 100 miles of land. The situation is natural, with more than 100,000 mu of land, each of which can form a county. Why do you need more? Moreover, the Dongxiang Mountains come from the large recess of Lujiang River, and the mountains are hard to ridge, reaching the Tuqiao of Wuwei County; the Nanxiang Mountains go south from Yang and Gangbao Tongzi Mountain in Beixiang, and the mountains are blocked, reaching Tongyang. The land is surrounded by mountains and the lakes are hidden deep, and it is a different situation. If it is classified as a county, its situation must not be preserved. Now that the people's governance is booming, there is no control over the dog's teeth, but the neighboring lands are located across the river and the thieves are especially responsible for the thieves. It is now planned to be divided into four guarantees in Yanghegang, Guanshan, Qingzhujian, Song Xuanzui and Sanfengbo, and is included in the southeast, called Xintong County. It is located in the original land east, and the earth bridge reaches the river, and then the Wang family of Guichi is trapped in Laozhou in the south, making it the gateway, and the bird falls in the south town is protected into Guichi, making it convenient for each plan. The west is Bao, Yanghegang and Sanfengbo East is Bao, from the center of Kongcheng River to Tongyang Tiebanzhou. To the west of the Kongcheng River, it still belongs to Tongcheng County, and to the east of the Kongcheng River, it belongs to Xintong. Both counties and counties can protect their own security. This county is the most conveniently divided.
When it comes to Xintong County, it is best to be able to control bandits, protect dikes, and reclaim wasteland. It is necessary to ask that the three are easy to handle and the four realms are moderate before they can be built. From Tongyang to Tuqiao, there are hundreds of dikes of large and small, but there are still many unopened reclamation. The people in Nanxiang are strong in spirit, with few land and thick people, and they have long been said to be difficult to control. Moreover, now there are no land in Dongxiang, and there are no roads in the lakeside. If you change it, you can only achieve easy success if you work together with Xintong. The third is easy to connect to water and land, and the Shixi River is the first: its place is leaning against Liufeng in the east and Fudu in the north, and it is famous mountains and scenic spots. It is suitable for control and control. It is sudden, and officials and gentry need to reach it immediately. At the beginning of business, first build a city of earth and include the land of the village gate in order to save money and achieve easy success. The city foundation is certain, first become a yamen prison, then a patrol police force, and set up small aircraft carriers to prevent lake danger. Then, you can open rivers and roads, build ridges and reclaim wasteland, and then move forward step by step. After ten years of progress, you will surely become prosperous and strong. Yiran is the guarantee of the provincial capital, and this is a general strategy for the construction of the county town.
At the beginning of the Qing Dynasty, Shouzhou was large in land and north of the Huai River. Birds and bandits were rampant. The city was in Huainan and could not be controlled. Huainan was designated as Fengtai County, and the problem was flat. During the Xianfeng period, the Ji River was scattered, spread across Shanxi and Shaanxi, and the chaos was scattered, and the four counties of Meng, Bo, Fu and Su were established, and the county Woyang was established, and the disease prescription was relieved. Moreover, when the innovation begins, Baidu's reform is ready to create new opportunities. The scale is everlasting. How can we still be in danger? Therefore, Feng, the commander-in-chief of the Northwest Army, saw that there were many bandits in Luodong, and the rule was not allowed. He divided the two counties of equality and freedom. He took measures from all over the world and was deeply rooted in the past. This is especially true for the case. Now the disaster in the southeast of Tongcheng is getting deeper and worse, so how can the county be managed by the shenzhen county? However, if this matter is large, it will be hindered many things without inquiries and advice. After the joint resolution of the gentry and public in Southeast Tourism Province, the case of daring to recruit nearby cases and having a map, the public will first conduct an investigation. As soon as he was satisfied, he asked to do his best to the two township meetings to make the decision. He wrote a letter to the provincial government to submit it to the provincial government and submitted it to the Central Government Commission for investigation and approval, and then submitted the regulations and regulations to take the action and be taken care of without any responsibility.
Inspiration: Chen Danran Li Yueqian Fang Liwu Wang Zishou Fang Peiqing Wu Rongfang Cheng Zairen Wang Zikui Cheng Yaoqing Yaoting Wu Xingcun Tang Shufan Fang Shenzhi Wu Zhenqing Zhang Bojun Liu Xuguang Fang Junfu Chen Shaoshan Fang Zhiwu Zhang Wanqing Wu Chunqing Wu Jingyang Shi Shuqing Qian Tichen Yang Diguang Hu Pinsan Huang Huchen Qian Xiangfan Wu Shifu Wu Pengxian Shi Leibing Liu Yuting Zhou Baimei Fang Youbai Wu Shufu Liu Pinyu Shi Zhongwen Fang Shousong Zhou Fumeng Wang Xiao'an Wu Jianwu Fang Shoushan Chen Tichu Chen Banggan
Note: Renyin cold dew, Tongcheng Li Guochun identified and copied the book shadows based on the "Confucius Old Books Network". There may be errors, and the version will be corrected after the completion of the book. There are any cross characters on the ink nail, and the gap is to be filled.
