At the beginning of 1796 AD, the Qing Dynasty reigned, tied the Emperor Qianlong of Kangxi and decided to abdicate to the fifteenth son of the emperor. At this moment, Emperor Qianlong was 85 years old.
Historical records:
On the first day of the first lunar month of the first year of Jiaqing (1796), Emperor Qianlong held a ceremony to return to power and became the Supreme Emperor. After the seal was awarded, officials from the Honglu Temple of the Ministry of Rites went to the Tiananmen Gate Tower and respectfully proclaimed the emperor Jiaqing to the imperial edict to pass the throne, and Jinfeng issued an edict to declare the world...
Emperor Qianlong may not know that every move he made at this moment was writing the historical records of the Qing Dynasty.
Shortly after the ceremony of return to power, Qianlong summoned foreign envoys in the Old Summer Palace and declared in person: "Although I return to the new king, I will do the major matters."
The father Qianlong returned to power but not the power, making the new emperor Jiaqing a puppet with the name of the emperor.
Despite this, Emperor Jiaqing, who was over thirty years old, did not express his dissatisfaction. Qianlong, who was late at
, naturally knew that he would not have much future.
sat on the chair of the Supreme Emperor " Training and Political " for three years. He did several "big things", but none of them were very glorious. It really left a stain on his history.
You might as well take a look:
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- The purpose at that time was nothing more than to show the "magnanimous grace" and the peaceful and prosperous times under his rule, so that the world could see the true love of the emperor for the elderly. For this reason, he held two "Thousand Old Banquets".
Emperor Qianlong took his grandfather Kangxi as his idol throughout his life, followed suit and imitated everywhere.
In the 50th year of Qianlong's reign (1785 AD), he studied Kangxi holding a banquet for thousands of old men and squandered millions of taels of silver.
The first major event after this abdication was that Qianlong held another "Thousand Old Man Banquet" in the name of celebrating his abdication.
The Supreme Emperor does what he says.
Compared with the first three "Thousand Old Banquets", the "Thousand Old Banquets" held by Emperor Qianlong in the Imperial Hall of Ningshou Palace in the Forbidden City is unprecedented.
Qianlong found multiple excuses for this, saying that holding the Qianshou Banquet was a combination of three major state activities: his abdication, Jiaqing ascension, and New Year's Day, so it must be grand and enthusiastic.
Under the preparation of favorite ministers Heshen and others, all civil and military officials over 60 years old were invited.
According to Zhaolian 's "Xiaoting Successor" introduction, although there were only 3,056 old people who attended the banquet this time, there were a total of 8,056 invited people to the book. Among them are many old birthday stars over 100 years old.
Although not every old man is qualified to have dinner with Qianlong, everyone who comes can receive a reward and blessing from the Supreme Emperor.
People over 90 years old were invited to the imperial throne and were given wine and crutches; those over 100 years old were given sixth rank and seventh rank were given eighth rank. Inside and outside the hall of the Huangji Hall , the dining tables are placed in the order of princes, bells, Beizi , Gong, Gongji, and first and second rank ministers. The envoys of the vassal states are under the corridor of the hall, the third rank officials are next to the Danbi Road, and the fourth rank officials are around Danbi, and the worship of Tang, guards, vests, soldiers, civilians and soldiers, etc. are arranged in sequence outside Ningshou Gate.
The ones who sit at the first-class table are princes, first- and second-class ministers, and envoys of the vassal states: the second-class officials to the ninth-class officials, Mongolian Taiji, top-class officials, soldiers and civilians, etc.
The meals placed on each table are chicken, duck, fish, and delicious food. Use palace tableware and drink royal Yuquan wine .
There is no clear record of the last "Thousand Old Banquet" held by Emperor Qianlong, but it must have exceeded the cost of the first Thousand Old Banquet he held.
Moreover, Qianlong gave not only the 3,056 people present, but 8,056 people invited to the book.
At that time, all the civil and military officials who attended the banquet rewarded Ruyi and gave them silk.For those who are 70 years old, each receives 10 taels of pension silver medals, while those who are 75 years old will receive 15 taels of pension silver medals, 20 taels of pension silver medals, 80 years old will receive 25 taels of pension silver medals, and those who are 90 years old will receive 30 taels of pension silver medals.
In addition, Emperor Qianlong also ordered the old man present to reward each Huanghuali longevity stick with rhino horn handle. In accordance with Qianlong's order, the Interior Government Office of the Construction Office quickly made more than 4,800 imperial rewards and small wallets rewards.
Qianshou Banquet not only squandered the money that the imperial treasury had not much money, but also caused some old men to die of excessive excitement or hardship after traveling to Beijing to attend the banquet.
No wonder someone criticized Qiansou Banquet as a "death-promotion banquet", which was not conducive to the country or the people.
-------Continue to allow Heshen to be corrupt and chaotic in the Qianlong Dynasty
Heshen acted recklessly in the Qianlong Dynasty, embezzled and accepted bribes, which was obvious to all the court and the people, but because of Qianlong's protection, people knew it well but dared not say it.
Heshen started his career as a guard slave, and with his cleverness and sleekness, he reached a high position step by step. It can be said that without Emperor Qianlong, there would be nothing Heshen would have.
It was during the years of accompanying the car and serving, that Heshen understood Emperor Qianlong's thoughts thoroughly. He observed his words and expressions and would flatter him just right, and he was also good at extorting money and making Emperor Qianlong happy under the banner of the emperor.
Heshen became the Grand Secretary and Minister of Military Affairs, and had real power. In the second year of Jiaqing, the head of the military minister, Agui, died of illness. Emperor Qianlong ordered Shen to succeed him, making him the number one important figure in the court.
At this time, although the 87-year-old Emperor Qianlong still had clear thinking, he was already old and his speech became vague. In order to continue to control the government, Qianlong urgently needed a trusted person to listen to his will and convey it.
Heshen naturally took on this role.
He could stand beside Qianlong when he was in court and accept the worship of all officials. He stood at a higher position than the new emperor Jiaqing. Others can't understand what Qianlong said every time, and everything is subject to what Heshen reposted.
Therefore, the ministers at that time secretly called him the "Second Emperor".
During the three years when Qianlong was the Supreme Emperor, Heshen's power to do whatever he wanted reached its peak.
Originally, Emperor Jiaqing was not willing to endure the "training" of the Supreme Emperor, but now another "two emperors" have appeared. The feeling in his heart is imaginable.
Heshen, who had been blinded by power, really underestimated Emperor Jiaqing and laid the groundwork for being sent to the guillotine.
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This "prosperous scene" that Qianlong had always been intoxicated with, revealing a fig leaf, and also slapped the Supreme Emperor in the face.
At first, Emperor Qianlong did not care about this religious "rebel" riot, but just sent an order to suppress Huguang Governor Bi Yuan to lead troops to suppress it.
Because as early as the 39th year of Qianlong, a branch of the White Lotus Sect, led by Wang Lun , launched a rebellion, and the court wiped out it in less than a month.
Now that the White Lotus Sect is revived, Qianlong is optimistic that there will be no big problem.
Unexpectedly, compared with the Qing Dynasty in the first year of Jiaqing and the Qing Dynasty in the middle of Qianlong, the national destiny has shown a decline and cannot be compared. In addition to the White Lotus Uprising, the Miao people at the junction of Hunan, Sichuan and Guizhou also launched the Miao people uprising with the slogan "Expel the people and restore the homeland" and echoed the White Lotus Uprising.
Due to the corruption in the late Qianlong period, the White Lotus Sects from all over the country joined the uprising team on the grounds that "officials forced the people to rebel." Not long after, this regional White Lotus Rebellion quickly evolved into a large-scale uprising that affected five provinces, including Hubei, Sichuan, Shaanxi, Gansu and Henan.
The outbreak of the White Lotus Sect Uprising undoubtedly brought great mental pressure to Qianlong, making him feel at a loss.
Historical Materials Introduction: One day, Emperor Jiaqing and Heshen went to see Qianlong, and Qianlong closed his eyes and muttered a few words.Jiaqing had no idea what his father was talking about. At this time, Qianlong opened his eyes and asked Heshen: Whose surname is his? Heshen said hurriedly, "Great virtues and civilized people." These two people are the leaders of the White Lotus Sect.
So Qianlong continued to "recite with his eyes closed." Jiaqing was puzzled what happened. After coming out, Jiaqing asked Heshen, who said that he had heard the emperor recite this spell before and thought that he wanted to destroy the rebels through curses, so he said the names of these two people.
Jiaqing was stunned when he heard it. He never expected that his father, who was once powerful, would use this trick to deal with the uprising. It seemed that he was really old and powerless.
In the third year of Qianlong's rebellion, he spent more than 70 million taels of silver. Although the leaders of Bailian Cultivator, Wang Cong'er and Yao Zhifu jumped off the cliff and died, and Wang Sanhuai was captured alive, he was not completely wiped out.
Qianlong was seeking fame and praise for his "outside of his martial arts skills", and "achieve this great achievement". It was the "eleven-full old man"
After Wang Sanhuai's death, the White Lotus Sect once again emerged, causing considerable trouble for Emperor Jiaqing's rule. This peasant movement that continued the two dynasties directly led to the decline of the Qing Dynasty.
------ Build the palace and take a girl as a concubine
Just when Qianlong was in a panic, he still built a large-scale construction regardless of financial resources.
In the second year of Jiaqing, the second year of Qianlong becoming the Supreme Emperor, the Qianqing Palace and Jiaotai Palace in the Forbidden City were careless and dereliction of duty. The eunuch at the time of the night poured the charcoal that had not been extinguished in the brazier near the nanmu pillar, causing the fire in the trade hall and the Qianqing Palace was burned down.
The fire was very big that night, and the nearby Zhaoren Hall and Hongde Hall were also affected. Fortunately, the 25 jade seal stored by Emperor Qianlong in Jiaotai Hall were rescued by eunuchs, but almost all the calligraphy and painting treasures and books stored in the hall were turned into ashes.
Emperor Qianlong issued the " guilty imperial edict " for this, regardless of the domestic military emergency, and ordered the allocation of funds to be repaired as soon as possible.
In theory, the Qianqing Palace is a key building in the imperial palace and is a storefront. Repair is also necessary, but it should be divided into priorities. The White Lotus Sect was in a turmoil outside, and it was very difficult for the military to encircle and suppress it. As the Supreme Emperor, Qianlong made great efforts and was inevitably criticized by others.
Emperor Jiaqing did not dare to object to the Supreme Emperor's decision at all. The plan to rebuild the Qianqing Palace has been decided and it was soon put into effect.
At the end of the twelfth lunar month of that year, the Zhong'an Daliang framework was selected. In the spring of the following year, a large amount of materials were collected to build it, and the construction was completed in mid-autumn.
At the same time as the palace was built, the court re-collected the collection burned in the fire. Grand Secretary Peng Yuanrui was appointed to handle the re-insertion of the original books. According to the order of the Supreme Emperor, the collection of books in the Imperial Garden was moved into the Zhaoren Hall in the Qianqing Palace area.
From November of the third year of Jiaqing, 30% of the furnishing books were completed, and each of them had pictures of Qianmutang. The Song Dynasty edition increased from the original seven to eleven. Among them, "Collected Explanations of the Spring and Autumn Period Classics", " Zizhi Tongjian ", "Tongjian Chronicles", Du's " Tongdian " and various film and Song Dynasty copying books are all rare treasures. Compared to before the fire, the collection of books is more complete.
The old Qianlong was very pleased with this and praised: "I am deeply happy when I return to the old."
After Qianlong's death, Emperor Jiaqing sent someone to take stock of it. The silver in the treasury was basically spent by his father.
The Supreme Emperor Qianlong, who was in his eighties, had no personal life, and there were almost no concubines around him to serve him. In order to make his father happy, Emperor Jiaqing held a talent show for him.
Qianlong, who was staggering, was 88 years old at the time, and he finally took two more 14 or 5-year-old girls as concubines.
where Shajifucha was enthroned as Jinfei . Another one is named Shou Guiren.
The young and beautiful Shaji Fucha family is also the granddaughter of Empress Fucha . The grandparents and grandchildren married one of them together, which really surprised future generations.
0 The first month of the fourth year of Jiaqing (February 7, 1799), Emperor Qianlong died in Yangxin Palace at the age of 89.
Two girls who have just entered the palace for a year have since become widowed.
According to the rules of the Qing court, only the concubines who gave birth to a prince can leave the palace and be raised by their sons after the death of the prince. Those who do not give birth to a prince will be unified in the palace and be raised by the current emperor.
So the two girls had to live a retirement life with seven concubines in their sixties or seventies left by Qianlong, trapped in the extremely boring deep palace courtyard.
It is said that Concubine Shou died in her 20s and Concubine Jin died at the age of 40.
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