Among Mao Zedong's many friends of democratic parties, Huang Yanpei is a very special one.
In 1949, after Mao Zedong entered Beijing, he lived in the Shuangqing Villa in Xiangshan, West Beijing. The first non-party person he invited to visit was Huang Yanpei and his wife, Yao Weijun. Mao Zedong also called Zhou Enlai to accompany him.
This is an exceptional honor for Huang Yanpei.
But the guards around Mao Zedong Li Yinqiao and Yin Jingshan recalled Huang Yanpei, they would always joke a few words "Old Huang and his family are angry", "Old Huang and the Chairman have no depth."
This also originated from an interesting story between Mao Zedong and Huang Yanpei.
Huang Yanpei and Mao Zedong are both calligraphy enthusiasts. Huang Yanpei also likes to write poetry and often sends his ink and poems to Mao Zedong for advice.
Mao Zedong and Huang Yanpei
Because of the same aspirations, Mao Zedong and Huang Yanpei are also very close, and they are like friends for many years.
After Mao Zedong retreated to the second line, he had more time left and liked to copy copybooks in addition to reading. I heard that Huang Yanpei treasured a genuine copy of Wang Xizhi's , so I went to Huang Yanpei to read it for a month.
This original copy of Wang Xizhi is Huang Yanpei's heart and soul. Others will definitely not be able to borrow it. But Chairman Mao actually spoke up. Huang Yanpei agreed and immediately took it out for Mao Zedong.
But Huang Yanpei regretted it after returning. After a week, he was still uneasy and kept calling Zhongnanhai . After answering the phone, several guards explained to Huang Yanpei with kind words: Chairman Mao said he would definitely pay it back for a month.
Huang Yanpei still calls to urge him every day to ask the chairman if he has finished reading it. Later, he called Mao Zedong directly. After Mao Zedong received the call, Huang Yanpei said a lot of nonsense around the bush, and finally he hinted that Chairman Mao returned Wang Xizhi's original work to him.
After Mao Zedong hung up the phone, he said to the guards around him: "How come (Huang Yanpei) has learned to force debts? I didn't pay it back for a month, but I was breached. He breached it in less than a month. He breached it, and it was not good for anyone to breach it. "
Mao Zedong seemed to be deliberately joking with Huang Yanpei. He must have waited until the month expired before carefully clamping the original works with wooden boards, so that the guards must send it to Huang Yanpei's home today.
Huang Yanpei was a little embarrassed after receiving it, and said to the guards, "The Chairman likes to watch it, so let him watch it for a few more days."
The guards smiled and said, "The Chairman said it's easy to borrow and repay it, and it's not difficult to borrow it again."
Huang Yanpei and the guards both laughed.
This interesting story was later widely circulated, and everyone lamented Mao Zedong's humility.
In fact, this is a very small thing for Chairman Mao and his friends.
It's like two old people who have been together for half their lives, regardless of money or life or death, but they will fight for the victory or defeat of a game of chess.
This is an enviable friendship. The identities of the two are changing, and the people around them are changing, but what remains unchanged is the sincerity and respect between the two.
1945 Mao Zedong and Huang Yanpei were at Yan'an Airport
Huang Yanpei was a veteran of the 1911 Revolution . He was a famous educator in modern history of my country and the founder of vocational education in my country.
The schools founded or participated by Huang Yanpei are all over the country, including primary schools, middle schools and universities. Mao Zedong's teacher Xu Teli, famous scholars Hua Luogeng , Luo Ergang , including Chiang Kai-shek , two sons Jiang Jingguo and Jiang Weiguo are both students of Huang Yanpei, or have studied in the school founded by Huang Yanpei.
He devoted himself to political activities entirely out of his innocent heart to save the country and the nation. During the War of Resistance and Liberation, Huang Yanpei has always worked closely with the Communist Party of China. He is a very prestigious and influential figure among the Chinese democrats.
During the War of Resistance Against Japan, the Communist Party of China has always put the interests of the country first and insisted on the war of resistance of the whole nation, and its prestige in the hearts of people from all walks of life across the country has been increasing day by day.
At that time, Huang Yanpei was not familiar with the leaders of the Communist Party of China. He only learned about Mao Zedong through the fragments mentioned by others, and he was also paying more and more attention to him.
In December 1937, Huang Yanpei took a bus from Wuchang to Changsha. He read Mao Zedong's autobiography on the way and also studied Mao Zedong's article on the Sino-Japanese War.
American journalist "Mao Zedong's Autobiography" written by Snow . Huang Yanpei read it many times. He felt that this book should be read as the history of the development of the Communist Party of China.
In February 1945, the negotiations between the Kuomintang and the Communist Party reached a deadlock. Huang Yanpei saw Mao Zedong's article " on the United Government " in his depressed state, and was strongly encouraged. He believed that the door to peace had not been closed yet.
Huang Yanpei and Zhu Fucheng, Zhang Bojun, Zuo Shunsheng, and Fu Sinian jointly sent a telegram to Mao Zedong, hoping to resume negotiations between the Kuomintang and the Communist Party as soon as possible and achieve real peace in the country.
On July 1, 1945, Huang Yanpei, Zuo Shunsheng and Fu Sinian, and six other members of the National Senate went to Yan'an at the invitation of Chairman Mao.
Huang Yanpei was full of curiosity and yearning for Yan'an. Before
, Xie Baoqiao, deputy director of the Kuomintang Foreign Affairs Bureau, had been to Yan'an. Huang Yanpei also heard about the report of visiting Yan'an. He was intrigued and left in love.
Xie Baoqiao said that Yan'an "theism is not in line with the national conditions, the style is not in line with human nature" and "the speech is not free." Huang Yanpei did not believe it. He firmly believed that he had to go to Yan'an to see it before he could know what the real Yan'an looked like.
This time, Huang Yanpei is 67 years old and can still hear the sound of enemy planes bombing along the way. He risked his life to go to the appointment of Yan'an.
Huang Yanpei came to Yan'an this time not only to mediate the relationship between the Kuomintang and the Communist Party, but also wanted to conduct a field investigation. He also considered in his heart who could truly win the hearts of the people.
At the airport, Huang Yanpei and others were warmly welcomed by the central leaders.
Huang Yanpei was
When Mao Zedong and Huang Yanpei shook hands, they said with a smile: "We have disappeared for more than 20 years!"
Huang Yanpei was very surprised because in his impression, this was his first time meeting Mao Zedong. He looked incredible: "This is our first time meeting."
Mao Zedong explained: "On May 1920, in Shanghai, the Jiangsu Provincial Education Association welcomed Dr. Dewey, which was the meeting you presided over. In your speech, you said that there are so many high school graduates in China who are going to school and so many unemployed... Among the large group of listeners below, there is one Mao Zedong. "
Huang Yanpei praised Mao Zedong's good memory and was also happy with such a wonderful fate.
After Huang Yanpei returned to Chongqing, he talked about his friends about this trip to Yan'an, especially the details that Mao Zedong told him. After saying that, he said with great satisfaction: "I didn't expect that there would be such a great hero among the large audience!"
In those days in Yan'an, Huang Yanpei saw that everything was fresh. He slept in the cave. He wrote a poem under the moonlight.
Before coming to Yan'an, Huang Yanpei would be affected by some remarks. He thought that after he arrived in Yan'an, his freedom would be subject to certain restrictions, so he was cautious and cautious when he came to Yan'an.
Mao Zedong in Yan'an
But soon, Huang Yanpei discovered that here he felt unprecedented freedom and equality, and no matter where they went, they would not be restricted.
The Communist Party officials are very easy-going, without the "official accent" of those high-ranking officials in Chongqing at all, nor are they domineering, making people feel simple and steady. When I met and chatted with them, I felt like I was bathed in spring breeze.
This place is more energetic and passionate than he imagined. No land in Yan'an is deserted, and there is no wandering person here. The people's clothes were neat and he did not see a wanderer wearing rags and dirty clothes.
The people of Yan'an are energetic and everyone has a good look. No one is despicable because of hunger, decadence or opium.
Huang Yanpei communicated with his peers: Communists seem to be responsible for the lives and lives of every ordinary person!
Their group of 6 people were invited to visit Mao Zedong at Yangjialing .
This time they were going to Mao Zedong's residence. The scenery in Yangjialing was very good. The rows of caves on the hillside were the places where the heads of the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China lived.
Huang Yanpei has a wide connection and has seen countless high-ranking officials and nobles. He must be curious about Mao Zedong's residence and office.
When he walked into Mao Zedong's living room, everything was as simple as he imagined: there was a long table in the middle, and there were about 20 people around him with various chairs.
There were several paintings hanging on four walls of the reception room. Huang Yanpei, who was very knowledgeable about calligraphy and painting, naturally paid attention to it. He stopped in front of a painting for a long time.
This is drawn by Shen Shuyang, the second son of Shen Junru. There is a wine pot in the middle of the painting. The word "Maotai" is written on , and two cups are painted on the edge of the wine pot.
Huang Yanpei
The inscription for this painting is Huang Yanpei: It is said that a guest has visited Maotai and washed his feet in the brewing pond. I don’t care whether it’s fake or true. I’ll give you two or three cups in the cold.
There is also a story behind this poem. It was 1943. The Kuomintang set off its third anti-communist climax. Shen Shuyang drew such a painting and asked Huang Yanpei to write the inscription. Huang Yanpei immediately thought of a rumor that was rumored at that time: Red Army soldiers washed their feet with Moutai liquor on the way to Long March .
In order to accuse the Red Army of all uneducated and rough people, the thoughtful people spread everywhere that the Red Army was washing dirty feet in the brewing pool of the Moutai Distillery in Maotai Town, Kweichow.
This rumor was also recorded by American journalist Harrison Salisbury in his book "The Long March - An Unheard Story" published in 1985, but Harrison himself has never seen the real Long March, and this record is just a rumor.
When the Red Army arrived at Maotai Town , they did use Maotai liquor to confiscate local tyrants and evil gentry to apply their feet to only heal their injuries. There was a shortage of medical treatment and medicine along the Long March. Maotai liquor relaxed muscles and promoted blood circulation, strengthened the body and was a good medicine urgently needed in the military at that time.
Rumors end with the wise man. Huang Yanpei wrote this poem on his painting, which was a satirical and criticism of this nonsense.
But he didn't expect that a poem he wrote casually maintained the image of the Communist Party of China and was actually hung in the living room of the leader of the Communist Party of China. Suddenly, a sense of knowing what he knew in his heart.
Later, Huang Yanpei learned that this painting happened to be seen by Dong Biwu when it was exhibited in Chongqing. Dong Biwu bought it and brought it to Yan'an. After Mao Zedong saw it, he liked it very much, so he hung it in the reception room of the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China.
This is also Mao Zedong's high recognition and affirmation of Huang Yanpei. Although the two have not formally met and talked about before, they already have a sense of mutual appreciation.
Huang Yanpei and Mao Zedong met too late. On the afternoon of July 4, Mao Zedong invited Huang Yanpei to visit his home and chatted for the whole afternoon.
After visiting Yan'an these days, Huang Yanpei is full of confidence in the future of the Communist Party of China. In just 5 days, Huang Yanpei returned home with a full load. On the day Huang Yanpei and others left, Mao Zedong, Zhu De, Zhou Enlai and other leaders of the CPC Central Committee all saw each other off at the airport, and everyone shook hands and said goodbye.
After finishing his visit to Yan'an, Huang Yanpei made reports everywhere, telling what he saw and heard during his period in Yan'an. He was eager to let more people know about Yan'an, a revolutionary holy land, and wrote a book in a very short time - "Return of Yan'an" .
After the first draft of "Return to Yan'an" was completed, the Kuomintang asked him to send it for review, but Huang Yanpei refused. He published by himself, and the first edition was 20,000 copies, but it was sold out within a few days, becoming the best-seller at that time.
Huang Yanpei's book ignited a vigorous "refusal to prosecution" at that time, which forced the Standing Committee of the Kuomintang Central Committee to pass a resolution to abolish the investigation system of news and books and magazines.
Because of support for the Communist Party of China, Huang Yanpei and his family have been under the surveillance of the Kuomintang spies.In 1949, the underground comrades of the Communist Party of China finally helped Huang Yanpei get rid of the spies, leave Shanghai, and rush from Hong Kong to the liberated area.
It has been three and a half years since Huang Yanpei and Mao Zedong's last meeting, and after these three and a half years, the land of China has undergone earth-shaking changes.
The moment Mao Zedong and Huang Yanpei shook hands again, the joy in their hearts was self-evident.
When Huang Yanpei was invited to Shuangqing Villa, Mao Zedong personally went outside the gate to greet him and helped him get out of the car.
Among the democratic figures, Chairman Mao was alone at his residence the day after entering Beijing. Huang Yanpei was the only one, which also shows the deep friendship between the two and also shows Mao Zedong's recognition of Huang Yanpei's noble character.
After the founding of New China, the Central People's Government appointed Huang Yanpei as Vice Premier of the State Council and Minister of Light Industry, and Huang Yanpei readily agreed.
Originally, Huang Yanpei said he would not be an official for his whole life. In his early years, the Beiyang government had twice appointed him as the chief of education, but he refused. In the past, Yuan Shikai gave him eight words: does not do anything with the official, and it will lead to wind when encountering things.
Now, Huang Yanpei, who is in his 70s, wants to be an official, and his relatives are shocked. Huang Yanpei's son Huang Daneng asked him: "Are you over 70 years old and become an official?"
Huang Yanpei replied: " People's Government is the people's government and its own government. When people need to do their own affairs, they should not do things. They are doing things, not being an official."
Later, at a party of Huairentang , Mao Zedong was still interested in it at a party of Huairentang . He mentioned this matter and asked Huang Yanpei: "The Beijing government asked you to be the chief of education for a period of time, why don't you go?"
Huang Yanpei told Mao Zedong: "My belief is that 'not seeing clearly is the truth, and you will never blindly follow."
Huang Yanpei and Mao Zedong have many letters. Looking through "Mao Zedong's Manuscripts since the founding of the People's Republic of China" and "Mao Zedong's Chronicle", we can find that Mao Zedong wrote far more letters to Huang Yanpei than other democrats. In the early seven years of the new China, he wrote 39 letters, and on average he had to write 5 or 6 letters a year.
In addition to writing letters, Mao Zedong also asked Huang Yanpei for a long talk. He always attached importance to the questions and suggestions raised by Huang Yanpei. As long as Huang Yanpei wrote, Mao Zedong would reply immediately.
Huang Yanpei's mutual appreciation and support for Chairman Mao is also reflected in the Resist U.S. aggression and aid Korea period.
In October 1950, the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China and Mao Zedong made the strategic decision to resist U.S. aggression and aid Korea.
On October 31, Huang Yanpei made a special speech at the Standing Committee meeting held by the Central Committee of the China Democratic League. At that time, some people in the industry and commerce were pro-American, respected and feared the United States, and they were afraid that this war would affect the newly established New China.
Huang Yanpei made a generous speech: " The current situation has proved that the ambition of the US imperialists is further advancing. In addition to trusting the leadership and decision-making of the government and Chairman Mao, non-partisans of all parties should take on propaganda tasks to assist the government. Those who are paralyzed should stimulate them, arouse them to truly share a hardship with the people, break their fear of the United States and suspicion of the Soviet Union, and show that the people's China will never allow anyone to make money from the national crisis. "
During the War to Resist U.S. Aggression and Aid Korea, Huang Yanpei wrote letters to Mao Zedong many times, offering suggestions, and informed Mao Zedong and Zhou Enlai of the opinions and ideas discussed with people of democratic parties to refer to it.
At the same time, through his position and influence in the business community, Huang Yanpei has done a lot of work within his ability, and is actively cooperating with the people's government to call on capitalists to work hard to increase production, promote the sports meeting of the business community to donate aircraft and cannons, and run around.
In November 1955, Huang Yanpei was admitted to Beijing Hospital due to illness. He was still thinking about continuing to serve the people on the sickbed. He wrote a letter to Chairman Mao:
I prepare to fully recover the activity of this old machine, and will play a new spirit and re-enter the battle.
Huang Yanpei is old. Whenever Mao Zedong heard about his discomfort, he would ask him earnestly and care about his life.
"Hepatobi"
Huang Yanpei laughed and called himself an "old student" of Chairman Mao. In his later years, he recalled exploring hard on the road to truth for a lifetime. He felt that after the New China, his thoughts had undergone fundamental changes. He has been strictly demanding himself by the standards of a Communist Party member.
Chairman Mao has always believed that the Communist Party should not be afraid of democratic people, or adopt an exclusionary attitude towards democratic people like Chiang Kai-shek. As the leader of the Communist Party of China, Chairman Mao is very good at dealing with democratic people and humbly listens to their opinions and voices.
Mao Zedong once said: " You can't treat me as a leader, and I can't stand it even if you treat me as a leader. " From the interaction between Chairman Mao and Huang Yanpei, we can see that Mao Zedong clearly distinguishes between public affairs and private affairs. Just treat it as a matter of public affairs, and private affairs are private affairs. Mao Zedong's choice of friends is very principled and very humane. Huang Lao is also a close friend worthy of the Communist Party. He unswervingly followed the party and Chairman Mao, and Huang Yanpei found the truth on this road.
