" The sun is about to set in the west, and it is quiet on Weishan Lake. Play my beloved Tu Pipa and sing that moving song. " This sweet and beautiful song " Play my beloved Tu Pipa ", I believe that many viewers who have watched the movie " Railway Guerrillas " are familiar with it.
This old film was once popular all over the country. Many people regard Liu Hong, the captain of the railway guerrillas in the film, as their idol.
So, does anyone know who the prototype of this captain is? What is the final outcome of this prototype?
Picture | Railway Guerrilla
The origin of Railway Guerrilla
Speaking of Railway Guerrilla, everyone may be familiar with it. However, does anyone know how the railway guerrillas came to be? This starts with Hong Zhenhai, the first captain of the railway guerrillas.
In the 1930s and 1940s, the evil Japanese war of aggression was in full swing. At this time, areas such as Zaozhuang, Shandong were being occupied by the Japanese army. They not only burned, killed and looted the local areas, but also exploited large amounts of domestic mineral resources and transported them to the army. Their ambitions were frightening.
At that time, the organization was still developing and its strength was still very weak. In order to achieve better development and attack Japanese forces on a small scale, the organization decided to set up a guerrilla team. The
team was specifically responsible for blocking the Japanese army's coal transportation near the railway, preventing the Japanese army from having sufficient supplies of , further invading and expanding in Shandong, and persecuting more innocent people.
Picture丨Railway Guerilla Stills
Hong Zhenhai is a member of the team. He is from Zaozhuang, and is a comrade who developed the organization from the group of mining workers.
Ever since he learned that the task assigned by the organization was to interfere with train transportation, Hong Zhenhai cheered up, because he felt that this task was his strength! Why do you say that? It turns out that Hong Zhenhai grew up next to trains.
It is no exaggeration to say this. This is also related to the environment in which he grew up. He had lived with his sister and brother-in-law since he was a child. Although his parents were still alive, they were unable to raise him, so they gave him to his sister. Therefore, he came out to work at a very young age.
Since his brother-in-law is a mineral transport worker, he also carries minerals onto the train with his brother-in-law . Therefore, he is the only one in the team who knows more about trains. Out of confidence in himself, he volunteered to serve as the vanguard and actively participated in plans and decisions to interfere with the enemy and destroy the railway tracks.
Picture丨Hong Zhenhai
So, under his leadership, the team ambushed the railway tracks in a planned way, interfering with and blocking the passing Japanese trains transporting supplies. Sometimes they destroyed the railway tracks and forced the trains to stop, and sometimes they smuggled coal mines. Turn them into supplies for our party.
At the same time, Hong Zhenhai also made full use of his identity as a mining worker to carry out intelligence work in Zaozhuang. He also disguised himself as a handyman and successfully sneaked into the Japanese agency to obtain important information.
Since then, Hong Zhenhai's series of actions have been very successful, and his intelligence work has also been recognized and praised by superior organizations. After serious discussion among the main leaders of the superior organization, the organization decided to appoint Hong Zhenhai as the webmaster of Xiaochenzhuang Intelligence Station. Not long after
became the webmaster of this information station, Hong Zhenhai did another big thing, which made the organization re-evaluate the value of the team he led. decided to reorganize this powerful team into the Lunan Railway Team. This is what became " Railway Guerrillas" and appointed Hong Zhenhai as the captain. What exactly is ?
Picture丨Train
It turns out that in 1939, Hong Zhenhai was not idle after becoming the head of the intelligence station. He relied on the innate advantages of being a coal miner . Hong Zhenhai developed many workers. They passed the news they heard to each other privately, forming a strong intelligence network.
Although due to identity reasons, received news about coal mines from , sometimes there would be some surprises.One day, the team members under sent him important news. They found the Japanese underground intelligence liaison station in Zaozhuang.
The communication line was built underground. On the ground was a foreign bank established by the Japanese army in Zaozhuang. Their behavior of selling dog meat on sheep's heads deceived everyone. Silently, provided the Japanese intelligence network with a large amount of identity information of our party's underground workers. After some operations, they were captured and brought great trouble to our party.
After organizing this important intelligence to work, Hong Zhenhai thought that if they could destroy this underground site, this operation would not only teach the Japanese army a painful lesson , but also protect the identity information of our party members from being leaked, killing two birds with one stone.
Picture丨Coal miner
While he was thinking about what to do, the organization conveyed an order. Out of trust in Hong Zhenhai, the organization decided to appoint him as the commander-in-chief of the destruction operation, asking him to complete the task.
After receiving the order, Hong Zhenhai immediately came up with a good idea after worrying for a while. Under the cover of his companions, he first pretended to be a cleaner and successfully sneaked into a foreign company.
After finding out the details of Yangxing, he took advantage of the dark night and high winds to kill dozens of Japanese spies in one fell swoop, including the two heads of Yangxing , and finally escaped smoothly under the siege of the enemy.
At this point, the intelligence work of the Japanese Intelligence Network in Zaozhuang suffered a major setback and had to redeploy . This also bought precious development time for our party. After that, Hong Zhenhai worked hard to pursue the victory and led the railway guerrillas to constantly deal with the Japanese army. In the end, they not only intercepted a large amount of Japanese strategic materials, but also killed many Japanese soldiers and seized a large amount of weapons and ammunition.
Picture丨Hong Zhenhai
For a time, the reputation of the railway guerrillas made the Japanese army frightened and afraid. As the railway guerrillas continued to grow, the Japanese felt threatened and began to think of ways to attack them.
In November 1941, the Japanese suddenly launched more than a thousand soldiers to besiege Tiehuang Buzhuang Village. You must know that this is a secret base camp built by the guerrillas. Most people will not know their whereabouts. Is there a traitor in the team?
had no time to think too much. Unprepared, Hong Zhenhai decided to lead the team to launch a breakout operation. However, just when they were about to break through successfully, Hong Zhenhai was shot . He didn't care, but forced his teammates not to stop and continue to escape.
So Hong Zhenhai almost escaped with the help of his teammates. In order to avoid pursuing soldiers, Hong Zhenhai missed the best time for treatment and eventually died due to excessive blood loss. He was only 32 years old when he died.
Picture丨Hong Zhenhai
Liu Jinshan was ordered to be in danger
A country cannot live without a king, and an army cannot live without a commander. This sentence is really appropriate for the situation at that time. At this time, although Hong Zhenhai's sacrifice is regrettable, the top priority is to find someone as soon as possible to take over the position of captain.
The team is already on the run. If a leader is incompetent or there are multiple opinions, then the morale of the army will be shattered and no one will survive. Therefore, after urgent discussion among , everyone decided to elect Liu Jinshan, who was already the team leader at the time, as the temporary team leader.
The situation was urgent, and Liu Jinshan took over the baton without much hesitation, and became the second captain of the railway guerrillas. The eyes of the masses were sharp. Liu Jinshan, the new captain elected by the team members, indeed had two skills.
As soon as he took office, the first thing he did was to lead his teammates to evacuate and escape the enemy's pursuit . Under the leadership of Liu Jinshan, the team members successfully reached the safe zone and got a short respite.
Picture丨After Hong Zhenhai and Liu Jinshan
settled everyone down, the first thing Liu Jinshan had to do was to find the traitor who gave away their base camp.Unexpectedly, after an investigation by the railway guerrillas, they discovered that it was the traitors who had attracted the Japanese!
It turned out that the Japanese wanted to deal with them, but they always escaped. So they thought of breaking through from within the Chinese. They thought of traitors and puppet troops.
Under the Japanese bribes, the traitors easily found the guerrilla base camp through their fellow countrymen and their own identities. After they found it, they immediately informed the Japanese. Even when the Japanese besieged them, they At the scene, because they are the leaders!
After Liu Jinshan learned about the situation, he was so angry that he decided to kill the traitor who betrayed them. This proposal of immediately gained the support of everyone. Everyone was furious and vowed to pay the blood debt of the traitor with blood.
Picture丨Liu Jinshan
inspired the fighting spirit of the team members. After Liu Jinshan led the team to hide for a while and rest, he immediately launched a plan to eliminate the traitors.
Liu Jinshan took advantage of the discord between the captain and deputy captain of the traitor team, as well as his fellow villager relationship with the deputy captain, to successfully sow discord, and successfully made the deputy captain have murderous intention towards the captain.
The vice-captain didn't know Liu Jinshan's identity. He only thought that Liu Jinshan was a fellow countryman who wanted to please him, and he still trusted Liu Jinshan. After he and Liu Jinshan discussed it, decided to invite the captain to his home for a "Hongmen Banquet", and then asked Liu Jinshan to guard the door and cooperate with him inside and outside.
So, when the captain arrived with a group of brothers for the banquet, the deputy captain shot them directly, and then the deputy captain was shot dead by Liu Jinshan who was behind him. At this time, the traitor team was leaderless and could only flee for their lives in a hurry under the pursuit of the guerrillas. They could no longer be arrogant.
Picture丨After the railway guerrillas
took the life of the traitor, Liu Jinshan did not stop. In the next six months, he stepped up interference and attacks on the Japanese army, and cooperated with the main force in the anti-mopping up struggle. At the same time, Liu Jinshan also has considerable experience in intercepting materials.
He led his team members to ambush on the railway in advance. When the train came, he quickly jumped on the front of the locomotive and controlled the train to the designated area. It hit the carriage violently, thereby detonating the Japanese gunpowder in the carriage.
As a result, the Japanese army's strategic materials were blown up without a trace by their own gunpowder under such operations.
These actions of the railway guerrillas greatly angered the Japanese military. In 1941, Japan specially sent Gao Gang, a Japanese military officer, to be responsible for the encirclement and suppression of the guerrillas.
Picture 丨 Railway guerrillas in action
Gao Gang was a rather cold and cruel person. After he took office, he not only crazily attacked the guerrillas, but also continued to persecute ordinary people. The guerrillas hated him deeply and wanted to eradicate this devil.
However, Gao Gang was suspicious and cautious by nature. He lived in seclusion, rarely appeared in public , and kept a large number of guards in his own house to protect himself. Basically, strangers are not allowed to enter your sight. What should you do?
Liu Jinshan once again used his intelligence. After getting to know Gao Gang, he found that although Gao Gang was very repulsive to strangers, he was very trusting of his own people. He had a very trustworthy traitor nicknamed "Ren Sandian".
This person is quite good at flattering the Japanese, but his hobby is drinking. Liu Jinshan decided to pretend to win over this traitor, so he pretended to be an ordinary person and also attracted and other traitors. took advantage of the fact that was happy after drinking, and seduced him and everyone into becoming brothers.
Picture丨Railway Guerrillas
Since we are all brothers, we will share the blessings and share the hardships. So Ren Sandian disclosed Gao Gang's affairs to Liu Jinshan without any scruples, and easily revealed Gao Gang's residence.
With the enthusiastic help of Ren Sandian, Liu Jinshan not only obtained a lot of information about Gao Gang, but also borrowed the military uniforms of the Japanese puppet troops.
Liu Jinshan felt that the time was ripe, so he quietly sneaked into Gao Gang's residence in the middle of the night using the clothes of the puppet army. Following the route that had been planned long ago, successfully found Gao Gang's office and killed Gao Gang in one fell swoop. , and threw the clothes of the puppet soldiers inside, and framed the puppet soldiers by the way.
As a result, the murder of Gao Gang really caused an uproar among the Japanese. All parties were suspicious of each other and became confused. Our army took advantage of this opportunity to capture Japanese Major Generals Yamada, Kuroki and others in one fell swoop, and won the greatest victory in the anti-Japanese base areas behind enemy lines.
Picture丨Liu Jinshan
Liu Jinshan’s action not only eliminated a mid-level Japanese official, but also indirectly helped our army win the battle, which can be said to have made a great contribution! This incident also left a resourceful impression on Liu Jinshan in the minds of many important leaders of our party.
So, in 1942, The railway guerrillas where Liu Jinshan belonged received an extremely important task, which was to escort Comrade Liu Shaoqi to Yan'an!
This escort mission made all the brothers excited but also very nervous. Comrade Liu Shaoqi is an important figure in our party. . If something happens to him, our party will face great losses.
Moreover, the Japanese were very powerful in Shandong at that time. The escort route was surrounded by enemy-occupied areas, and their only access was Weishan Lake. Do Japanese people not know about ? They will definitely ambush in Weishan Lake, wait for the escort team to arrive, and then catch them all.
Picture丨Railway Guerrillas
What should we do? Liu Jinshan knew that the trip to Weishan Lake was inevitable. This was the only way to go until it was dark!
Sure enough, as expected by Liu Jinshan and others, the Japanese army was waiting there. Just as everyone was taking a boat in Weishan Lake and preparing to leave in the dark, unable to see the pedestrians, the Japanese army suddenly launched an attack.
Under the protection of the guerrillas, Liu Shaoqi and others were not harmed, but they were still forced to stay on the boat in Weishan Lake for two days, and finally escaped successfully under the nose of the Japanese army.
In 1942, under the protection of the railway guerrillas, Comrade Liu Shaoqi experienced hardships and obstacles along the way and finally arrived in Yan'an successfully. Since then, the railway guerrillas have become famous. With the trust of the organization, they have successively escorted Chen Yi, Xiao Hua and other important figures of our party to successfully pass the Jinpu Railway , and are highly praised by the organization.
Picture | Taking a boat
The guerrilla captain after the war
In 1945, Japan announced its surrender, The Anti-Japanese War was victorious. While Liu Jinshan was happy, he also understood that the mission of the railway guerrillas had been completed, and he might not be of much use. After
sighed, he regained his energy and waited for the organizational appointment. Soon after, he was appointed deputy director of the Lunan Railway Bureau.
In 1946, when the civil war broke out, Liu Jinshan was ordered to reorganize the Lunan Railway Brigade and served as the captain. He once again made the railway guerrillas shine in the Nanjing Liberation War.
When the People's Republic of China was founded, Liu Jinshan was promoted to the commander of the 307th Regiment of the 35th Army of the People's Liberation Army, and was later transferred to Zhejiang to serve as the Chief of Staff of the Military Region. Six years later, Liu Jinshan was awarded the rank of colonel and later promoted to senior colonel.
Picture丨Liu Jinshan
In 1956, the movie "Railway Guerrilla" was released . It is said that Liu Jinshan went out to watch it. After watching the movie, Liu Jinshan highly praised it, saying that the movie passed down the spirit of Railway Guerrilla. Good thing.
Liu Jinshan has a deep connection with this movie, because it not only contains his personal experience, but is also the work of his old friend Liu Zhixia .
Yes, the movie "Railway Guerrillas" is adapted from the novel of the same name. The author Liu Zhixia was once a war correspondent and he was also Liu Jinshan's friend. Liu Zhixia named the character "Liu Hong" to pay tribute to Liu Jinshan and the first General Secretary. Captain Hong Zhenhai.
The friendship between Liu Jinshan and Liu Zhixia can be traced back to 1942. The first time the two met was at the Shandong Heroes and Models Conference. At that time, both Liu Jinshan and Liu Zhixia participated in this conference.
Picture丨Liu Zhixia
At that time, Luo Ronghuan, who presided over the meeting, praised the railway guerrillas at the conference as "a steel knife inserted into the enemy's chest!" . This praise attracted the attention of Liu Zhixia, who was a war correspondent at the time. What kind of team would be so praised? After the
meeting, had a strong curiosity, and Liu Zhixia asked someone to contact Liu Jinshan, and successfully entered the railway guerrilla station to observe closely. During this period, Liu Jinshan and Liu Zhixia had similar temperaments, talked about everything, and soon became close friends.
For many years after that, the two of them kept in touch. Liu Zhixia had a deep understanding of the railway guerrillas because of Liu Jinshan's relationship. As a war reporter, he knew very well how heroic the team led by Liu Jinshan was. How awesome.
Therefore, he decided to write a novel about the railway guerrillas based on Liu Jinshan's narration and his own understanding, so that more people would know about this little-known revolutionary team.
Picture | Railway Guerrilla Novel
Later, after the first draft of the novel was completed, Liu Zhixia specially called Liu Jinshan to be the first to try it out. As a result, after Liu Jinshan finished reading the novel, he was so moved that his eyes filled with tears. He hugged Liu Zhixia and kept saying words of thanks.
At that time, many years had passed since the war, and Liu Jinshan was already old. Liu Zhixia's novel reminded him of the glorious past years after a long absence.
For these soldiers who face life and death on the battlefield all year round, the most terrifying thing is not instant death, but being permanently forgotten.
If there is a chance for their heroic team to be remembered by the world, then his brothers who dedicated their lives to the revolutionary cause and the spirit of the railway guerrillas will not be forgotten. It is all worth it!
Picture丨Liu Jinshan and Liu Zhixia
In fact, everything the railway guerrillas experienced in the war was far richer and more tortuous than what was depicted in the novel, and more heroic than what was shown in the movie.
As the only two captains of the railway guerrillas, the stories of Liu Jinshan and Hong Zhenhai deserve to be told by future generations, and their spirit deserves the admiration and reverence of everyone!
In 1968, Liu Jinshan was promoted to the commander of Suzhou . He stayed there for 12 years, and finally ended his military career in Suzhou and enjoyed his old age. In 1996, Liu Jinshan died of illness and was buried in the Linshan Railway Guerrilla Memorial Park in Xuecheng District, Zaozhuang City.
