Xiaoyao Ge wrote
Recently, the large-scale ancient costume suspense TV series " Tang Dynasty Strange Things Record " became popular. Some friends asked me to take a look, and there were also scenes of Tang Dynasty cooking and drinking tea. Since the rise of Song Feng TV series, tea-making in the Song Dynasty has frequently appeared in front of the public. On the contrary, there are very few cases of Tang Dynasty tea events on the silver screen. Now, with the popularity of Tang Feng TV series, tea making has also appeared.
However, I found three tea errors in the first three episodes: Chang'an black tea, cup, teapot . Here, let’s talk about the tea culture of the Tang Dynasty from an academic perspective to face the audio and video.
Although there are some flaws in the historical knowledge level, to be honest, this TV series is a flaw that does not hide its merits! First, it is indeed quite beautiful, second, the aesthetics and texture are quite good, and third, it is rare to show the facts of Tang Dynasty tea in many places.
This is an excellent ancient style TV series, recommended to everyone to watch it.
1. Chang'an black tea in Tang Dynasty ?
Regarding the Chang'an black tea that appears in "The Record of the Strange Things in the Tang Dynasty", it can be clearly stated that this does not exist. Because from historical data, the Tang Dynasty did not have black tea .
Then let’s take a look at how the Tang Dynasty drank tea? The Tang Dynasty Lu Yu "" Tea Classic " clearly summarized the tea drinking situation at that time: "Those who drink coarse tea, loose tea, powdered tea, and cake tea. They chop, boil, boil, yang, and pound it, store it in a bottle and pot, and use soup to fertilize it, which is called fermented tea. Or use green onion, ginger, jujube, orange peel, dogwood , mint, etc., boil it for a hundred boiling, or it can be smooth, or it can be boiled to remove the foam, and the water is discarded between the ditches, and the customs are endless."
Tea Saint Lu Yu said that there are people who drink fermented tea, similar to today's tea brewing method, but use tea powder, which is similar to making coffee now. There are also people who drink tea, but they add spices. So Lu Yu said that this is wastewater from drinking stinky ditch! So how did the Tang Dynasty mainly drink tea? That is the "Tea Scall Method" recorded in Lu Yu's "Tea Sutra".
3 method of tea , specifically refers to Lu Yu's tea sauna in the Tang Dynasty. It comes from Lu Yu's "Tea Classic" and is the mainstream way of drinking tea in the Tang Dynasty. The method originates from the Shu tea method, but only adds salt and no other seasonings. The method is extremely particular, the process is strict, and the cooking is exquisite, which is the pinnacle of human drinking tea. The Japanese Hongren tea style originated from the method of tea cultivation in the Tang Dynasty. Popularity: about 8th to 10th century AD, about 200 years from the middle of the Tang Dynasty to the early Song Dynasty.
According to how to drink it, you can understand what tea was drunk in the Tang Dynasty? The people of the Tang Dynasty mainly drank steamed green tea , and the tea leaves were mainly cake tea, not the leaf tea that is popular today. According to Western Jin " Fu ": "But now it has just begun to be completed, the moistness is floating. It is as bright as snow, and it is as bright as spring." It can be seen that steamed green tea was born at the last time in the Western Jin Dynasty and was popular in the Tang and Song Dynasties.
And how do you do the shape of steamed green tea and cake tea? Lu Yu's "Tea Classic" also records: "Pick it, steam it, pound it, bake it, pill it, and seal it." After steaming the fresh tea leaves, mash it, pat it and press it into a cake shape, bake it dry and then package it.
And when did the cake tea form appear? According to the "Guangya" cited by Lu Yu's "Tea Classic·Seventh Events", there was a cake tea in the Three Kingdoms period, which has been around for 1,800 years. This is the earliest historical record of cake tea in the history of human tea.
The second tea that the Tang Dynasty drank was Fried green tea , such as the current leaf tea form. According to Tang Dynasty Liu Yuxi " Xishan Lanruo Tea Song ": "It's like you are cheering up your clothes for the guests, picking eagles from the fragrant clusters. This must be fried to the full room, and then you can put down the golden sand water."Fried green tea was born at the latest in , Sui and Tang , and flourished in the Ming Dynasty.
You see, there was no black tea at all in the Tang Dynasty! So when did black tea exist? Academic circles recognized that the birth of black tea was , and black tea was born in Fujian. Around the beginning of the 17th century, Chinese Wuyi black tea spread to Europe. In 1662 AD, King of England Charles II married Portuguese princess Catherine. Because Princess Catherine brought 221 pounds of Chinese black tea, Catherine became a famous tea-drinking queen.
2.How can I use a cup to drink tea in the Tang Dynasty?
In "Tang Dynasty Strange Things Record", it is inappropriate to drink tea in the Tang Dynasty. Because what is used to drink tea in the Tang Dynasty? Use tea bowls. The reason is that is too hot! 100 degrees of hot tea soup, who can bear it? You need to choose a tea bowl that dissipates heat quickly. The key point is that the mouth of the bowl is wide and the bottom of the bowl is shallow, so that the heat dissipation is fast enough!
from Han Dynasty l4 Special tea drinking utensils appeared in the Wei and Jin Dynasties. Over the past two thousand years, the main tea drinking utensils were divided into tea bowls, tea cups , and tea cup . With the advancement of time, tea drinking utensils have shown a trend of getting smaller and smaller.
Here, let’s talk about the relationship between tea drinking method and tea utensils. Tea utensils are what we call today (tea drinking utensils). Tea utensils in the Tang Dynasty refer to tea-making tools, while tea utensils refer to tea-drinking tools. Fun? More than a thousand years have passed, and the name has almost been reversed! Things in the world are bizarre, and this is the case.
The method of drinking tea in the Tang Dynasty used sautéing tea method . Therefore, according to the method of drinking tea in the Tang Dynasty, it can be seen that the hot soup for making tea at that time must be used in shallow bowls. How could a tea cup be drunk in the Tang Dynasty use a cup? Without this requirement, how could a tea cup be born?
used Tea bowl . Lu Yu's "Tea Classic" discussed this issue in detail: "Bowl: Yuezhou, Dingzhou, Wuzhou times; Yuezhou, Shouzhou , Hongzhou times... The so-called "Fu" of the Jin Dynasty: "Picking pottery in the utensils is from Dongou ". Ou is Yuezhou, Ouyue on . The lips are not curled, the bottom is curled and shallow, and the amount is less than half a liter. "
What does the tea bowl look like in the Tang Dynasty? Look at the picture.
There is also a tea bowl called " Tea Cup ". It can be seen from the water of the Changsha Kiln Bowl, which is 8 AD In 26 years (the second year of the Tang Dynasty Baoli), the export tea bowls and other export porcelain made in the Tang Dynasty.
In 1998, a German salvage company salvaged a Tang Dynasty shipwrecked in the waters of Belitung Island, Indonesia, called "BatuHitam" (Black Stone). The ship was loaded with more than 67,000 pieces of Chinese porcelain, more than 50,000 pieces were Changsha kiln bowls. In September 2020, some of the precious cultural relics were exhibited in Shanghai, which was amazing.
to Song Dynasty , use more tea method . During several water injection and hitting, the temperature of the tea soup dropped, so there is no need to use a large Tang Dynasty tea bowl. Isn’t it more convenient to switch to a smaller tea cup? It seems to be more elegant and more in line with the aesthetics of life in the Song Dynasty. Therefore, the mainstream use of tea cup , the mainstream is Jianzhan , and tea bowls are also retained.
It is particularly worth noting that the tea cup in the Song Dynasty is the smaller tea bowl in the Tang Dynasty! The shape of the vessel is roughly the same, except that the overall is smaller, the mouth of the bowl is narrower, and the bottom of the bowl is deeper, which is convenient for tea ordering. In , many tea bowls were used during the Northern Song Dynasty , and then the smaller the tea cup is smaller, but the tea cup is still larger than the tea cup, because you need to order tea, you have to stir it.
generally presents the rule of " tea bowl>tea cup>tea cup ". Although this is not accurate, it is convenient for tea drinkers to understand. For example, in the Tang Dynasty, there were also tea bowls called tea cups, but as of , , tea cups mostly refer to tea cups slightly smaller than Tang bowls.
What does a tea cup look like in the Song Dynasty? Look at the picture.
3. Is there a teapot in the Tang Dynasty?
In "Records of the Strange Things in the Tang Dynasty", a teapot also appeared. In fact, there was no teapot in the Tang Dynasty! Let’s talk about teapots and tea cups here, because tea cups are used only when you have teapots. The emergence of
teapot and small tea cups in the current sense originated from Zhu Yuanzhang Waste Tuanzhao and shang tea method .
In 1391 AD, Zhu Yuanzhang, the founding emperor of the Ming Dynasty, issued the Boxer Imperial: "In September of the 24th year of Hongwu , the emperor stopped building tuan tea , and only the tea buds were picked to advance." The tuan tea was officially abolished in the form of national laws and advocated drinking loose tea . The way of drinking tea in the Ming Dynasty brought about a huge change, that is, the tea method of sautéing and tea making methods in the Tang and Song dynasties.
湖 (yuè) tea method, also known as tea brewing method . It specifically refers to placing the dried tea leaves in a pot, pouring them into boiling water, pouring them out in an instant, not soaking for a long time, and not adding salt or other substances. Its method originated from the Sui and Tang Dynasties and was derived from the tea method. It is known for its simplicity and has been widely circulated among the people. It is the mainstream way of drinking tea in the Ming Dynasty and has been passed down to this day. Popularity: from about 14th century AD to the present, from about 700 years to the beginning of the Ming Dynasty.
small teapot , which was born in the Ming Dynasty, was created in conjunction with the tea-sucking method. The small teacup evolved from the teacup of the Song Dynasty with the teapot and became smaller. Yixing purple clay teapot is an excellent representative of teapots in the Ming Dynasty.
Tang Dynasty pottery junk
Northern Song Qingbai porcelain junk
Song Dynasty Ru kiln Tianqing glaze pot
Tang Dynasty notes is the prototype or prototype of the Ming Dynasty teapot. Tang Dynasty Li Kuangyi (Li Kuangwen) "Zixia Ji·Zhuzi Panti": "At the beginning of Yuanhe, the wine was still used to drink wine, so Prime Minister Gao Gong had a reputation for considering it. ... No matter what, if you use a little bit of me, the shape is like a tile, and the handle of the mouth is all in it. Nine years after Dahe, the nobles in Zhong hated that their name was the same as Zheng Zu, so they removed the handle and tied it, which was slightly different, and they looked at it. "
Tang Dynasty twentie, also known as bisexual, was an ancient wine vessel made of ceramics or metal; it began in the late Tang Dynasty and was popular in Song and Yuan .
developed to in the Song Dynasty . Because of the changes in the method of drinking tea, in order to cooperate with tea ordering, the rumini gradually changed from a wine pot to a water bottle. Neither wine nor tea, but water. Therefore, in the Song Dynasty, it was called the Zhuzi in the early days, and later it was changed to the and soup bottle.
to Ming Dynasty , in order to cooperate with placing dry tea leaves in a pot, it evolved into a teapot that specializes in making tea. At the same time, tea cups from the Song and Yuan dynasties also became small tea cups. Until today, it has not changed.
pictures are from the Internet.
Xiaoyao Ge, a tea culture scholar. The first four tea books in the series of large-scale tea culture works of "Great Tea": A Brief History of Human Tea, "Ask Tea History Superstars who illuminate human civilization", "The Book of Tea Ceremony" (two-in-one version, including "The Core Thought of Tea"), and "The Most Beautiful Tea Poems in History", all have complete copyrights and will be published soon.
"A Brief History of Human Tea" exclusive authorized audio book has been officially broadcast on "Himalaya" from April 6, 2022. Welcome to listen.
