Preface
In 1912, after Mr. Sun Yat-sen was sworn in as the interim president of the Republic of China in Nanjing in 1912, once sent an invitation to a "big man" of the American Hongmen Association, asking him to return to China to become an official, but he was rejected by him. I refused, and this "big guy" is Situ Meitang.
pic|Situ Meitang
"I don't want to be an official, I just want to succeed in the revolution, establish the Republic of China, and rejuvenate China. I am eager to serve the country, and if you have any instructions in the future, listen to the instructions."—— Situ Meitang.
hongmen Boss - Situ Meitang
In 1880, Situ Meitang, who was only 12 years old, took 20 dragon silver borrowed from his mother, and set foot on the journey to San Francisco, USA Like countless Chinese who first came to the United States to make a living, Situ Meitang did not get rid of the fate of entering the Chinese restaurant in Chinatown to wash dishes, and this brushing took three full years. .
One day, in the restaurant where Situ Meitang was working, several local hooligans came to make trouble. Not only did they eat the Overlord's meal, but they also corrupted money. Ten, beat up these bullies. As a result, during the fight, Situ Meitang did not control the strength, and directly killed an American on the spot with one punch.
pic|Chinese to America
The next day, the police who did not investigate directly took Situ Meitang away, and the judge even announced Situ Meitang's death sentence in court. Shocked all over the United States, countless overseas Chinese who were bullied all applauded and applauded.
In order to save Situ Meitang's life,At that time, the largest non-governmental organization organized by overseas Chinese in the United States, Hongmenzhigongtang mobilized big guys to raise funds for Situ Meitang. Due to the limited funds, everyone only hired a lawyer who just graduated from school. Roosevelt , And this lawyer is the US president who is famous all over the world in the future - Franklin Roosevelt .
With Roosevelt's defense and the efforts of the vast number of overseas Chinese in the Hongmen Zhi Court, Situ Meitang was released after just 10 months of imprisonment. Since then, Situ Meitang's "chivalrous name" has spread all over the United States, and Roosevelt and Situ Meitang have become a pair of good friends. In 1885, the 17-year-old Situ Meitang took an oath and joined the Hongmenzhi Court.
pic|Hongmenzhigongtang
In 1894, Situ Meitang, deeply impressed by the lax organization and complex composition of the Hongmenzhigongtang, was determined to establish a new hilltop, and he assembled a large number of daredevils in the church. The talented people with lofty ideals formed the Anliang Chamber of Commerce and Industry, referred to as Anliangtang. Situ Meitang was established as the "big man" of Anliangtang, and since then began the road to the legendary "big man".
In order to avoid legal disputes, Situ Meitang specially hired Roosevelt as the legal counsel of Anliangtang, and this position did not resign until Roosevelt became the president of the United States. When Roosevelt was elected president of the United States, whenever Situ Meitang asked for something, he would do his best to help solve it. In 1943, the "Chinese Exclusion Law", which had been implemented in the United States for 50 years, was abolished, and Situ Meitang played a major role in this.
Mr. Meitang, who is dedicated to resisting Japan and saving the country
The long-term life of the overseas Chinese at the bottom of the society has made Situ Meitang deeply feel that the suffering of overseas Chinese abroad is closely linked to the fate of the motherland. Situ Meitang said with deep feeling : "We know the pain of shame that a country is not strong.
Photo|Situ Meitang
In 1904, Sun Yat-sen came to the United States for the second time to promote his revolutionary ideas. It was this time that Situ Meitang finally met Mr. Sun Yat-sen, whom he had admired for a long time. , During the conversation with Sun Yat-sen, Situ Meitang's revolutionary thinking gradually matured and he really embarked on the road of revolution, and Anliangtang also became the main organization to support Sun Yat-sen's 1911 Revolution.
Later, Mr. Sun Yat-sen was very incomparable Sincerely said: "It is true that overseas Chinese are the mother of revolution. "
After the "September 18 Incident" broke out, Situ Meitang denounced the Kuomintang reactionaries' non-resistance policy, on the other hand, actively devoted himself to donating money to save the country and resolutely resist the Japanese aggressors.
in Under the leadership and leadership of Situ Meitang, countless overseas Chinese gave their money to help. In addition to donating their own savings, they also donated half of their floor to donate.
But when Situ Meitang wants the money When it was sent back to China, there was no anti-Japanese government that could accept it, so Situ Meitang had to return all the money. Shanghai launched an attack, The 19th Route Army stationed in Shanghai, led by Commander Cai Tingkai and Commander Jiang Guangnai, rose up and resisted, washing away the shame of the government's continuous concessions for four months.
After Situ Meitang learned the news , excited and inspired, he immediately organized donations from overseas Chinese in the United States to support the 19th Route Army in its anti-Japanese war.
However, in Situ Meitang, full of patriotic enthusiasm, remitted all the donations from the overseas Chinese to the Kuomintang government. When the 19th Route Army was transferred to fight against Japan, Chiang Kai-shek deducted all this large sum of money. Situ Meitang was very angry when he found out, and then changed it to a bank for remittance, and stated that it was "collected by himself" by General Cai Tingkai.
Even so, according to Situ Meitang, the remittance received by General Cai Tingkai was only one-twentieth of the donations made by overseas Chinese, about US$500,000. The Battle of Songhu Soon after, Situ Meitang personally led the overseas Chinese to Shanghai to express condolences to the 19th Route Army with supplies donated by the overseas Chinese.
pic|Cai Tingkai
In November 1933, Cai Tingkai and the 19th Route Army were transferred to Fujian by Chiang Kai-shek to "suppress the Communist Party", For the great cause of anti-Japanese nationalism, Cai Tingkai, Jiang Guangnai, Li Jishen and others jointly launched Fujian Incident , the establishment of the "People's Revolutionary Government of the Republic of China", against Chiang Kai-shek and Japan.
After Situ Meitang learned about it, he immediately sent a telegram to support the anti-Japanese war. Situ Mingtang said in the telegram: "If you get more help, the only husband will be punished. The world will obey you, and you will betray your relatives. . Zhi Gong Dang and the vast overseas Chinese are willing to serve the new regime."
However, just two months later, the Fujian Incident ended in failure, and Cai Tingkai was forced to go abroad for "tourism and study". In August 1934, when Cai Tingkai arrived in New York, all the overseas Chinese stores in New York were closed, and more than 3,000 people greeted Cai Tingkai's arrival at the pier with flowers in hand.
Photo|Commander Jiang Guangnai (left) and Army Commander Cai Tingkai
After Cai Tingkai arrived in the United States, Situ Meitang was most worried about Cai Tingkai's safety.
At that time, the Nationalist agents in the United States bought several murderers and threatened to kill this general who "did not obey orders". In this regard, Situ Meitang made careful and detailed arrangements, and mobilized patriotic overseas Chinese to protect the general. Situ Meitang personally served as General Cai Tingkai's bodyguard. Every time the general traveled, Situ Meitang would always go with him and stay there.
In order to prevent accidents, Situ Meitang also made a solemn statement in the newspaper: "If you want to hit me first, whoever dares to touch General Cai's hair will be pounded into meat sauce." At Situ Meitang Under the painstaking arrangement, General Cai Tingkai visited the United States safely for half a year, which was a great success.
On July 7, 1937, the " Lugou Bridge Incident" broke out. Situ Meitang mobilized the entire overseas Chinese community in just a few hours. The New York Overseas Chinese Anti-Japanese National Salvation Fundraising Association was officially established. Although the overseas Chinese in the United States did not live well, they still insisted on making monthly donations and continuously remitted hundreds of millions of huge sums to the motherland to support the national war of resistance.
Photo|Situ Meitang ran down, an ambulance donated to the Eighth Route Army by overseas Chinese in New York, USA
In 1941, Situ Meitang was selected by the Kuomintang as a national suffrage member. He still insisted on returning to China to participate in the National Political Suffrage Conference in Chongqing. Not long after Situ Meitang arrived in Hong Kong, the Pacific War broke out and Hong Kong fell. Situ Meitang was also under house arrest by the Japanese army, trapped in the tiger's den, and the situation was very dangerous. .
Japan's special high-tech 's spy chief, after learning the details of Situ Meitang, immediately sent someone to take him to the spy agency, coercion and lure, forcing Situ Meitang to serve as the chairman of the maintenance of Hong Kong, trying to use Situ Meitang Church's influence and prestige,He came forward to organize a Hong Kong gang to assist the Japanese army in the so-called "enhanced law and order".
Although he is 75 years old, the national righteousness of the old man does not allow him to do such a thing. Situ Meitang said to the Japanese spy chief: "I am too old, and I don't want to carry a mouthful on my back before I go to the ground. A black pot, it would be like a chaste woman lost her head, and the bitterness of her half-life turned to ashes, I will never be the president to maintain it."
The Japanese spy chief immediately wanted to kill this stubborn old man directly, but he was too hampered. Due to the huge power of the Hong Kong gang, he did not take action rashly. He released Situ Meitang, preparing to completely eradicate this "disobedient" stubborn old man in secret.
Photo | Situ Meitang took a group photo with Zhou Enlai and others in front of the CCP Office in Chongqing From left: Situ Zhu, Dong Biwu, Situ Meitang, Zhou Enlai, Xu Han, Deng Yingchao
At this critical moment of life and death , Zhou Enlai immediately contacted Soong Ching Ling, Liao Chengzhi and the brothers of Hongmen to rescue them in Hong Kong. It took more than four months and many places to reach Chongqing.
When he first arrived in Chongqing, Situ Meitang was warmly welcomed by the Chiang Kai-shek and his wife. Every time he visited the Chiang Kai-shek and his wife, they would step down and greet the old man with respect. Daomen is willing to give up.
However, the ugly behavior of the KMT agents overseas, the corrupt KMT politics that they saw after returning to China, the rampant spy agents all over the country, the passive attitude of resisting Japan, and the actions of eradicating dissidents, all made the elderly feel shocked and indignant.
On the contrary, under the introduction of Tao Xingzhi and Huang Zonghan, Situ Meitang visited Zhou Enlai twice, made a statement to the elderly about the actual situation of the Eighth Route Army's war of resistance, and invited Situ Meitang to go to Yan'an in person_ visit span6span, In the end, due to the old age and the inconvenience of the legs and feet, I gave up, but Situ Meitang's political ideology has undergone tremendous changes.
pic|Situ Meitang
In 1943, Situ Meitang returned to the United States to spread the word: "Loyal to the cause of the Anti-Japanese War, and created the method of the Anti-Japanese War, it was the Communist Party, not the Kuomintang, who launched the Anti-Japanese War. Anyone who is patriotic should never be against the Communist Party, and those who are against the Communist Party are actually against the War of Resistance."
In 1945, after the victory of the Anti-Japanese War, Situ Meitang hoped to represent the overseas Chinese in America and return to China to participate in the construction of the motherland, but Chiang Kai-shek's All kinds of actions made Situ Meitang completely stand on the side of the Communist Party. Situ Meitang said angrily: "I know, if you don't stand on Chiang Kai-shek's side, then you must be on the side of the Communist Party that loves the country and the people. The middle line does not exist, and the people suffer. Be careful, don't allow me to stand by." That is, since then, Situ Meitang has completely stood on the side of the Communist Party, and he pinned all his hopes on China on the Communists.
In 1947, Chiang Kai-shek hoped that Situ Meitang could serve as the representative of the National Congress, and specially asked Du Yuesheng to come to persuade him, Du Yuesheng said: "Chiang Jieshi asks you to do it, you must do it, he is not a person to mess with. "
Situ Meitang slammed the table and said angrily: "It's not appropriate for me, Situ Meitang, to tell Chiang Kai-shek, is my Situ Meitang easy to mess with?"
Photo|Chiang Jieshi
I don't like the "Republic of China"
In early 1949, Situ Meitang, who was in the United States, suddenly received an invitation letter from China.The letter was written by Chairman Mao himself, and he warmly invited Situ Meitang to return to China to attend the new CPPCC meeting as soon as possible to discuss state affairs. This sincere letter of invitation made 83-year-old Situ Meitang very excited and immediately set off to return to China to attend the CPPCC meeting.
Situ Meitang, who returned to the motherland, proposed to visit Chairman Mao. Since Chairman Mao was living in the Xiangshan Shuangqing Villa at that time, the terrain of the villa was relatively high, and all the people who came to visit were at the foot of the mountain. Transfer to a jeep.
When he heard that Situ Meitang was going up the mountain, Chairman Mao took into account the old man's age and was afraid that his body would not be able to withstand the bumps of the jeep, so he asked the guards to make the rattan chair he used to sit on into a sedan chair. Ready to lift the old man up.
Photo|Mao Zedong proposed to use his rattan chair as a sliding pole for Situ Meitang.
A few days later, Situ Meitang rode a sedan chair specially designed for him by Chairman Mao, and carried it from the foot of the mountain to the door of Chairman Mao's meeting room. When Situ Meitang arrived, Chairman Mao was already outside the door. After waiting for a long time, when he saw the sedan chair, Chairman Mao immediately greeted him and helped Situ Meitang to get off the sedan slowly, And this was the first time Chairman Mao and Situ Meitang met.
On the morning of September 26th, 4 days before the founding ceremony of the People's Republic of China, the first session of the Political Consultative Conference was in full swing. Huang Yanpei, Situ Meideng, He Xiangning and other democrats were invited by Premier Zhou Enlai Next, come to Six Nations Hotel for lunch.
After the door of the banquet hall was closed, Premier Zhou Enlai took the lead in speaking. He said: "The people invited to the banquet today are all the elders during the Revolution of 1911... There is an old saying in our country, called "please teach the elders. " , so is our meeting today.When discussing the document, you saw that under the country name " People's Republic of China " , there is also an abbreviation "Republic of China" , we have two different opinions on this abbreviation, some say yes , Some said it was unnecessary. The Standing Committee specifically asked me to ask the seniors for advice and see if they had any ideas. The seniors may still have some old feelings about the word "Republic of China".
Photo|Photo of Zhou Enlai and his wife with Situ Meitang
During the discussion, the 83-year-old Situ Meitang clearly expressed his opposition. The old man said excitedly:
"I have no knowledge , I am a person who participated in the 1911 Revolution. I respect Mr. Sun Yat-sen, but I have absolutely no fondness for the words "Republic of China". The reason is that the "Republic of China" has nothing to do with the people. In the past 22 years, Chiang Kai-shek has made people angry. The country name is a very solemn thing. If it is to be changed, it must be changed. Why should it be changed after three years? The old saying goes: if the name is not right, the word is not right, if the word is not right, the order will not work. It is still called the "Republic of China", why does it tell the people of the world? We seem to be secretive. Now that the revolution is victorious, we dare not even change the name of the country. I am firmly opposed to any abbreviation.
Situ Meitang's speech immediately aroused warm applause from everyone in the banquet hall, and those who opposed the abbreviation expressed their views. The proposal of the abbreviation was abolished, and Situ Meitang's speech made the world go. His own secretary Situ Binghe said: "After the Revolution of 1911,Sun Yat-sen asked me to become an official, but I didn't do it. Now that the conference is over, I have to go back to Hong Kong and the United States. "
Photo|In 1950, Mao Zedong and Situ Meitang (second from left) together.
Chairman Mao and Premier Zhou Enlai came to retain Situ Meitang after knowing the idea of Situ Meitang, and Chairman Mao affectionately Said: "Old man, stay! Premier Zhou Enlai also persuaded, This is just the first step of the Long March The trauma of the national war is very heavy, and everyone is working together to restore the economy and improve the lives of the people. Situ Meitang finally chose to stay in China as his final destination due to people's great efforts to retain him.
Because Situ Meitang walked in a hurry before returning to China, he did not expect to live in the country for a long time, and he had no clothes for winter. Zhou Enlai After the Prime Minister found out, he instructed the staff to bring the old man a custom-made roe deer coat with an otter collar as a gift. Premier Zhou Enlai's meticulous care moved Situ Meitang deeply.
On May 8, 1955, Situ Meitang was in Beijing passed away due to illness at the age of 89. Premier Zhou Enlai personally presided over the public memorial meeting and held the ceremony for the elderly.
Conclusion
Photo|Situ Meitang Statue
In memory of Situ Meitang Contribution to the new China, on the 140th birthday of Situ Meitang, a bronze statue of a figure with a height of 4.28 meters was erected on the Chengnan Square in Kaiping City, Guangdong Province. Looking at his homeland, The prototype of the sofa that Situ Meitang sits on is exactly the prototype of Chairman Mao's meeting with Situ Meitang in Zhongnanhai.
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