text/Li Chuanxi
Everyone knows that during the founding of New China, Liang Sicheng and Lin Huiyin Mr. Second Mr. led the design of the national emblem and designed and built the People's Heroes Monument . In fact, the determination of the national anthem and national flag is also related to Mr. Liang.
On June 15, 1949, the preparatory meeting of the new political consultation meeting was established in Pei and the first meeting was held. The meeting ended on June 20. In order to quickly complete the necessary preparations for convening the new political consultation meeting and establishing a democratic coalition government, the meeting decided to set up six groups under the Standing Committee to complete the following tasks, namely: 1. Prepare the units and representatives of each unit of the new political consultation meeting; 2. Draft the organization regulations of the new political consultation meeting; 3. Draft the common program ; 4. Draft the government plan of the People's Democratic Republic of China; 5. Draft the declaration; 6. Draft the national flag, national anthem, national emblem plan, etc.
The leader of the sixth group is Ma Xulun, the deputy leader is Ye Jianying, Shen Yanbing, , 13 members, Zhang Xiruo , Tian Han , Ma Yinchu , Zheng Zhenduo , Guo Moruo , Jian Bozan , Qian Sanqiang , Cai Chang, Li Lisan, Zhang Lan (Liu Wangli Ming Dynasty), Chen Jiageng , Ouyang Yuqian , and Liao Chengzhi. Because Ma Xulun was sick, the sixth group did not hold a founding meeting until the afternoon of July 4, and formulated regulations on soliciting plans for the national flag, national emblem and national anthem, and established a national flag, national emblem pattern primary election committee and a national anthem lyrics committee. It decided to publicly solicit national flag, national emblem pattern and national anthem lyrics from the whole country. The deadline is August 20. The ordinance was issued on July 13.
◆ Draft "Notice on Soliciting the Patterns of the National Flag and the Symbols of the National Anthem".
Here we can see that Liang Sicheng was not in the sixth group at the beginning. Although there were several historians and literary artists in the sixth group, the national flag, national emblem and the national anthem also had special symbolic meanings and artistic requirements, and there must also be artistic and academic masters who have a deep understanding of this particularity. So the sixth group held its second meeting at Beijing Hotel on August 5 and decided to hire Xu Beihong, Liang Sicheng and Ai Qing as consultants of the National Flag and National Emblem Pattern Primary Selection Committee; Ma Sicong, He Luting , Lu Ji , and Yao Jinxin as consultants of the National Anthem Lyrics Primary Selection Committee. It is scheduled to be the period of draft selection from August 18 to 20, and the meeting of the National Flag and National Emblem Primary Election Committee will be held on the 22nd, and the meeting of the National Anthem Lyrics Primary Election Committee will be held on the 23rd. Although the deadline for
is scheduled for August 20, there are still continuous submissions after that, so the deadline is pushed again and again. According to statistics on August 24 after the primary election, a total of 1,865 national flag patterns, more than 350 national anthem lyrics, and 18 national emblem patterns were received (in fact, 1,920 national flags, 2,992 patterns, 112 national emblems, 900 patterns, 632 national anthem, 694 lyrics, and 24 opinions). The sixth group took a prudent and responsible attitude towards these manuscripts, set up a reading room at the Beijing Hotel, and display all the manuscripts for discussion and review by representatives, experts and selection groups, and conduct preliminary selection.
◆Liang Sicheng discussed the national emblem design plan with Lin Huiyin on the hospital bed.
On September 21, the new CPPCC meeting opened. On the 22nd, the conference decided to establish a review committee for the national flag, national anthem, national emblem, national capital, and chronological program to discuss, review and confirm. There are 55 members, Liang Sicheng is one of the members.
National Emblem Pattern Since the candidates mostly imagine the national emblem as ordinary badges or commemorative medals, most of the submissions are not in line with the system, and the few are in line with the system, and the pattern is too heavy and too delicate, and only four or five pieces are retained in the end. After the New CPPCC Conference was held, based on the review of the review committee, on the morning of the 23rd, all representatives discussed the patterns of the national flag and the national emblem in eleven groups. Finally, the decision was made that the national emblem was not yet certain, and another expert group would be organized to design it. After careful discussion and in-depth listening to opinions, the national flag and national anthem were finally determined to use the five-star red flag as the national flag, and the national anthem was temporarily replaced by the national anthem.And in this process, Liang Sicheng played a very critical role.
Regarding the national flag, Liang Sicheng had a broad vision, objectively, rationally and artistically analyzed the shortcomings of the horizontal bar scheme under the big star, and won the recognition of the leaders, and together with many people, Chairman Mao Zedong's confirmation of the five-star red flag. After summarizing the patterns of the application, after repeated discussions, 38 primary pictures were selected, including the works of Commander-in-Chief Zhu De. The CPPCC Preparatory Committee compiled 38 national flag drafts into "National Flag Pattern Reference Materials" for everyone to discuss. On September 23, during the group discussion, each group recognized 112 people in the first picture, 77 people in the second picture, and 185 people in the third picture. These three national flag sketches are all red background, yellow stars, and a yellow strip is added to cross the flag. "Red symbolizes revolution, stars symbolizes the Communist Party of China and the People's Liberation Army, yellow strips symbolize Yellow River , the Yellow River is the birthplace of our Chinese economy and culture." Adding up the above three people, in favor of the aforementioned opinions, more than half of the representatives of the CPPCC (the actual number of participants at the meeting of the new CPPCC meeting was 635), so the national flag basically determined the above pattern. But when speaking at the afternoon meeting, everyone, in the basic spirit of "how to make the people's new China better on the national flag", felt that although the metaphor of this pattern was good, it felt a sense of separation in form. A representative put forward an opinion like this, "The yellow strip divides the flag into two, and the symbols are not unified, which is not good." How to correct it? Guo Moruo suggested shortening this horizontal bar to below five stars, and Mao Zedong agreed.
On the evening of September 25, Mao Zedong convened a consultation symposium on the national flag, national emblem, national anthem, calendar, and national capital issues in Zhongnanhai . Liang Sicheng still feels "very ugly and unsanctuary" when the shortened pattern of the horizontal bar is shortened. This was Guo Moruo's idea, and Chairman Mao had agreed. But Liang Sicheng had no scruples at all. On the evening of September 29, Liang Sicheng took the time to write a letter to his daughter, Liang Zaibing, who was following the army south, recalling her urgent mood and urgent actions at that time. He said, "I saw it so much. I pulled Zhou Enlai to analyze the flag from the pattern viewpoint, symbolic viewpoint, and flag-shaped viewpoint all over the world, and said it was impossible. At the same time, many people also opposed this picture. Zhang Zhizhong said that the yellow strip was Sun Hou's golden cudgel; some people said it was a shoulder pole." Zhou Enlai obviously followed Liang Sicheng's analysis and reported everyone's objections to Mao Zedong. After listening to Zhou Enlai's report, Mao Zedong still felt that he should respect everyone's opinions and strive for wider recognition of the national flag pattern, and then proposed the idea of using the five-star red flag. Liang Sicheng described the process that night in his letter, "In the living room, Chairman Mao was walking around among the guests. When he saw Zhang Zhizhong, he said, 'I heard that you don't agree with the golden cudgel !' Everyone laughed and later said to Guo Moruo: 'Our Yellow River Party is afraid of being disbanded!' He said, 'Many people oppose this picture, and they cannot obtain a unified opinion in themselves. How can it symbolize the unity of the revolutionary people?' Later, he proposed the five-star flag that is published now - that is one of the final (last) candidate patterns included in the enlisted pattern, and everyone agrees." If other people's objections are just intuitive feelings, Liang Sicheng's opinion is to stand on the standpoint of academic analysis, use the perspective of artistic identification, and compare it with the world's perspective, which is obviously more convincing, while the "pain theory" reflects Mr. Liang's determination of his attitude and views at that time and the determination of the artist's spirit. It should be said that Liang Sicheng's "pain theory" was of great significance to the final determination of the national flag in the choice of the five-star red flag.
◆On September 27, 1949, at the first plenary session of the Chinese People's Political Consultative Conference , the "March of the Volunteers" was designated as the national anthem.
Regarding the national anthem, Liang Sicheng first proposed the suggestion of "March of the Volunteers" to make the national anthem. Not only are there many lyrics for the national anthem enrollment, but also include works by famous people such as Guo Moruo, Ma Xulun, Ouyang Yuqian, Feng Zhi , Ke Zhongping and other famous people. Guo, Ma, and Ouyang are all in the sixth group.After the opening of the new CPPCC meeting, the review committee issued some lyrics and music scores for everyone to discuss, and also conducted auditions on some works, but everyone felt dissatisfied with it and imperfect after listening to it. First, they decided to collect it again, and then decided to choose from the existing revolutionary songs. It was Liang Sicheng who first proposed to Liu Shaoqi and Zhou Enlai to adopt the "March of the Volunteers". This proposal was immediately approved by his friend Mr. Zhang Xiruo, and he began to strongly advocate the adoption of this song. In that letter to Liang Zaibing, Liang Sicheng recorded this process and his mood at that time with an extremely excited and proud tone. "About the selection of the national anthem, Zhang Bo (note: Zhang Xiruo) can boast about himself a lot of contributions. That was the first one I proposed, and many people also had that meaning. It was made shortly after 918 , and a song that made great contributions during the Anti-Japanese War was also a song that started with the revolution in ." Their proposal was immediately approved by many other representatives, believing that this song played a great encouragement role in the Chinese nation's unity to resist foreign aggression and struggle for national independence and liberation, and was widely sung at home and abroad, deeply rooted in the hearts of the people, and had a huge impact, so it should be adopted. But some people think that the original lyrics, especially the sentence "The Chinese nation is at its most dangerous time", is inappropriate under the circumstances of the founding of New China, and it is recommended to change the lyrics. To this end, Liang Sicheng strongly advocated that there was no need to change and explained the reasons in detail. In his letter, he said, "Some people advocate changing the lyrics, but I don't think it's necessary. I said that the French " Marseille " is a military song. The lyrics include the words "destroy the tyrant monarch and the violent lord" in it. It is a historic lyrics. Now France is the third and fourth republic. There is no longer a foolish monarch, but the lyrics are still unchanged. Although we have passed the 'most dangerous time' and are no longer 'slaves', it is historic." Liang Sicheng's words resonated with Liu Shaoqi and Zhou Enlai. "Liu Shaoqi said that the Soviet Internationale still said, 'We are hungry and cold people', and they are no longer hungry or cold, and they are still singing the same song. There is no need to change it. Zhou Enlai also said, 'If they have changed it, they still sing the old lyrics that they are used to singing, I don't think they have to change it!' So my proposition was passed successfully." Later, when Zhou Enlai explained to everyone the reasons for using the original lyrics, he said, "France used Marseille to make the national anthem, 'watering the enemy's blood into our fields' is an old lyrics, and it has not been changed. We should just use the old lyrics so that we can inspire emotions. If we modify it, we will not have that kind of emotion." Zhou Enlai's explanation obviously adopted the reasons proposed by Liang Sicheng. On the evening of the 26th, after listening to the report, Mao Zedong expressed his agreement and further extended it: "Although the country has been liberated after arduous struggles, the whole country is about to be liberated, China is still surrounded by imperialism and cannot forget the oppression of imperialism on us. If we want to strive for China's complete independence and liberation, we must also carry out arduous struggles. Therefore, it is better to keep the original lyrics." Since everyone can sing this song, Chairman Mao affirmed it, "Before the meeting that night, we sang the first 'national anthem' together loudly." This should be the first time that the national anthem has been sung in the history of New China. Liang Sicheng described his mood at that time, "very happy and excited, it was the most memorable night."
Therefore, Liang Sicheng felt extremely respectful of Mao Zedong. In the meeting on "Discussing the National Flag, National Emblem and National Anthem, I was able to further get to know Chairman Mao. I used to think he was great, but only after this meeting did I know how casual and amiable he was."
This article is original " Party History Bo Cai "
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