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Editor|Digital Exploration Home
On July 23, 1921, 13 representatives of party organizations from all over the country and 2 Communist International representatives gathered in an old residence on Xingye Road, Shanghai. They gathered to attend a meeting this time. This is the first National Congress of the Communist Party of China.
A few days later, the Communist Party of China was established. These 13 young representatives are not only the great revolutionary pioneers, but also the founders of our party. However, just 4 months later, one of the representatives, Fohai , has been disconnected from the party organization.
In 1924, Zhou Fohai officially wrote a letter to ask to leave the Communist Party. After Zhou Enlai learned about it, he personally found Zhou Fohai and persuaded him many times, but he remained indifferent. In the end, the party organization approved him to quit the party.
However, Zhou Fohai had already contacted the people of the Kuomintang Central Committee before quitting the party. After quitting the party, he couldn't wait to join the Kuomintang and publicly clamored to the Communist Party. After the September 18th Incident, he defected to the Wang puppet government and became a complete traitor.
Why did Zhou Fohai break away from the Communist Party? What will happen after becoming a traitor?
One of the founders of the Party, Zhou Fohai,
1897, Zhou Fohai was born in a small mountain village in Yuanling County, Hunan Province. His family was well off when he was a child, and his parents could send him to a private school to study. In a private school, he made a few friends from wealthy families, and they were inseparable from all day long.
Zhou Fohai has been very smart since childhood. His husband in the private school appreciates him very much. He also said that as long as he can continue to go to school well in the future, he will definitely achieve great things. But since his father died young, the situation in their family has plummeted.
The father died early, and his mother managed the whole family alone. When he was in junior high school, his mother told him that the family could no longer afford to support him in school, so he had to drop out of school. Several friends couldn't bear to see him complaining all day long, so they raised money to help him study in Shanghai.
When he was in Shanghai, he heard that going to Japan to work and study, not only would he see a vast world, but the government would also give a subsidy of 72 yuan. Zhou Fohai naturally would not miss this great opportunity. In 1917, he set foot on a boat crossing the ocean and arrived at a school in Kagoshima, Japan.
1919, Zhou Fohai saw the style of politicians from various countries in Japanese newspapers. In addition, he studied the revolutionary history of Russia during his study period, and he had the idea of becoming a politician. Time passed day by day, and his ambition to establish a revolutionary regime was growing.
Later, after coming into contact with communist thought, he became a supporter of Marxism. During this period, Zhou Fohai and Chen Duxiu had a very close connection. In 1920, Zhou Fohai and Chen Duxiu jointly established the early party organization in Shanghai.
When he decided to establish the Communist Party of China, Chen Duxiu invited him to Shanghai to attend the meeting. As the only representative who rushed back from abroad to participate in , the Communist Party of China's No. 6 has an important position.
Chen Duxiu was elected as General Secretary by the First Congress of the Communist Party of China, and Zhou Fohai was elected as Deputy General Secretary. After the end of the First Congress of the Communist Party of China, Chen Duxiu did not arrive in Shanghai for two months, and Zhou Fohai has been acting as the acting secretary.
, who just joined the party, Zhou Fohai is very enthusiastic about contemporary work. He not only takes the initiative to participate in various leadership work and goes to various places to select representatives of the people, but also prepares to attend the Communist International conference. But just a few months later, he slowly broke off from the organization.
1924, Zhou Fohai's wife Yang Shuhui thought that her husband worked hard to make money and had to pay 70 yuan in party dues every month. This money was a pity, so she encouraged him to quit the party, so Zhou Fohai submitted an application to the party organization for quitting the party.
At that time, Zhou Enlai was the director of the Political Department of the Whampoa Military Academy and the executive member of the Guangzhou District Committee. After he heard that Zhou Fohai wanted to quit the party, he came to persuade him many times and did ideological work. However, Zhou Fohai, who was determined to leave, failed to get in, and the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China allowed him to quit the party.
Zhou Fohai chose to embark on the road of quitting the party. After all, he was impure in his heart. He was not only greedy for the powerful, but also could not withstand temptation. A little temptation of interests could make him change his mind.
Reasons to go on the road of no return
Zhou Fohai will withdraw from the Communist Party of China, and there are three reasons. The first reason is also the fundamental reason, that is, his motivation for joining is not pure. He did not have a firm belief in communism. His joining the party was to find a chance to realize his political ambitions.
When Zhou Fohai was studying in Japan, he was caught when the victorious country of in the first battle of held a Paris Peace Conference. The scene of representatives of various countries making Zhou Fohai fascinated. He once said that he had great ambitions and wanted to become an diplomat who was on the international stage.
Later, he wanted not only to become a diplomat, but also to be a leader like Lenin, who overthrew the ruling class and established a new revolutionary regime. His ambitions and desires made him unable to withstand any obstacles on the road to achieving revenge.
In other words, even if it is not the Communist Party, any party has the opportunity to realize its "personal motivation" like the Communist Party, he will devote himself to it. And when he finds that his motivation cannot be realized or is hindered, he will turn around and leave without hesitation.
The second reason is also an apparent reason, which is the reason for the benefit. In 1921, Zhou Fohai's frequent activities after joining the party attracted the attention of the school. Although the Japanese government at that time did not prevent students from studying Marxism, it was explicitly prohibited from the actions of the Communist Party, especially the Communist Party of China.
Zhou Fohai's actions aroused suspicion from Japan early in the morning. Even if he returned to school, he gradually reduced his contact with the Party Central Committee of China and his enthusiasm for activities was also reduced a lot, but Japan's surveillance on him did not decrease.
The policeman's questioning from time to time caused great inconvenience to his life, and the teacher's attitude towards him also changed a lot. In the past, the teacher appreciated his talent and hard work, but after returning this time, he was not only cold to him, but also warned him that he would be expelled from school if he worked in the Communist Party again.
Monitoring, threatening, warning, all of this is eroding his inner passion. Although he also wants to continue to stay in the Communist Party, his "ambition" has not been realized yet, and the most important thing to him is not socialism, but his own interests.
He can study in Japan entirely due to the 72 yuan allowance given by the government. If he is expelled from the school, he will not only not have the chance to make a name for himself, but also have no source of life. Zhou Fohai has been away from poverty for too long. It is easy to go from frugality to extravagance, but it is difficult to go from extravagance to frugality. How could he give up his comfortable life?
The third reason is also the main reason. Zhou Fohai’s belief is not firm enough and it is too easy to shake when facing the temptation of money. Although Zhou Fohai was disconnected from the Party Central Committee at that time, he was still a Communist Party member after all.
1924, Zhou Fohai returned to Guangzhou, and this was during the first cooperation between the Kuomintang and the Communist Party. The Kuomintang extended an olive branch to him, so he couldn't wait to leave the Communist Party and threw himself into the arms of the Kuomintang.
The then Propaganda Minister of the Central Committee of the Kuomintang Dai Jitao , in order to win over Zhou Fohai, offered a monthly salary of 200 yuan to hire him as his secretary. The president of Guangdong University, Zou Lu, did not miss this opportunity, and hired him as a concurrent professor with a monthly salary of 240 yuan.
Zhou Fohai's wife Yang Shuhui had complained all day long that Zhou Fohai could not make money and had to pay party dues. Now that there is such a good opportunity to make money, how could she let Zhou Fohai go? Under the instigation of his wife, Zhou Fohai officially left the Communist Party.
After Zhou Fohai left the Communist Party and joined the Kuomintang, he publicly clamored to attack the Communist Party in the future. The senior Kuomintang leaders highly recognized his behavior. Not long after, he became the deputy director of the Propaganda Department of the Central Committee of the Kuomintang.
became a traitor
Zhou Fohai made a choice to the Kuomintang, but he was short-sighted and profit-oriented, but he actually turned to the Wang puppet government while the whole country was fighting desperately against Japan and became a traitor.
1931, after the September 18th Incident, the Japanese invaded our country unscrupulously, and the people of the whole country were resisting tenaciously, vowing to drive the invaders out of our land of China. However, Zhou Fohai believed that China did not have the ability to defeat the Japanese army, and only surrender was the way out.
This idea coincides with the traitor Wang Jingwei . The two of them began to join forces to plan to surrender to the enemy and treason, and colluded with the Japanese more than once, which caused great obstacles to the anti-Japanese actions of our soldiers.
1938, Zhou Fohai fled to Hanoi, Vietnam with Wang Jingwei and others. They continued to negotiate with the Japanese, and their actions to surrender to the enemy and treason were in full swing. In 1940, the Wang Puppet Government was established. They were dressed in the cloak of the National Government of the Republic of China, but were actually puppets of the Japanese.
Zhou Fohai has always been Wang Jingwei's think tank and a traitor who makes suggestions. They have joined forces to harm countless patriotic people. After the establishment of the Wang puppet government, Zhou Fohai gained real power and became the Minister of Finance and Vice Chairman of the Military Commission.
However, with the progress of Anti-Japanese War , China won victory in repeated battles, and the Japanese army's defeat on Pacific battlefield made them struggling in China. Only then did Zhou Fohai realize what a stupid decision he made.
Zhou Fohai knew that the Japanese were no longer reliable and that their energy was about to end. He had to re-plan the future for himself. After some twists and turns, he contacted the spy leader of the Military Control Commission , saying that he could provide information for Chongqing and contribute to the fight against Japan.
After obtaining the consent of Chiang Kai-shek , Zhou Fohai began to serve the Kuomintang. He not only provided a large amount of confidential information to Chiang Kai-shek's people, but also helped Chiang Kai-shek to install many people around Wang Jingwei, providing a lot of convenience for the anti-Japanese war.
But Zhou Fohai did not find out that everything he did was always for his own selfishness. Whether it was the first to surrender to the enemy and treason, or the current helping the Kuomintang to fight against Japan, the fundamental purpose was to find a way out and backing for yourself.
In 1945, the Japanese were defeated and surrendered, and Wang Jingwei's government also suffered a complete defeat. At this time, Zhou Fohai seized the opportunity, controlled the armed forces of more than 10,000 people, and quickly passed news to Chiang Kai-shek to express his loyalty, saying that he would use these people to maintain order in Shanghai and wait for the Kuomintang army to take over Shanghai.
Zhou Fohai naively believed that he had helped Chiang Kai-shek a lot and made a lot of efforts in the War of Resistance Against Japan. Now that the Japanese surrendered, he was a person of meritorious service. In the future, Chiang Kai-shek would definitely not treat him badly.
However, any evil deeds will be punished by justice. He himself forgot what he did, and the people who were persecuted by him will not forget them. When Chiang Kai-shek wanted to portray him as a good person hidden in the Wang puppet government, the voices of the masses demanding severe punishment of traitors came overwhelmingly.
In order to maintain his reputation as a "leader's personality", Chiang Kai-shek had to take Zhou Fohai to court and was sentenced to death for treason. Zhou Fohai's wife Yang Shuhui found Chiang Kai-shek with the secret letter they had dated and threatened him to save Zhou Fohai's life.
At that time, after Japan surrendered to , in order to commend Zhou Fohai, Chiang Kai-shek not only sent him a hand-written letter, but also allowed him to continue working for the Kuomintang government. If the content of this letter is leaked, then the news of Chiang Kai-shek collusion with the Wang puppet government will definitely be well known and it will be difficult to end by then.
After careful consideration, Chiang Kai-shek decided to make the next pardon order , changing Zhou Fohai's death penalty to life imprisonment, and promised Yang Shuhui that he would find an opportunity to release him in the future. People’s calculations are not as good as God’s calculations. Their plan was shattered because of a serious illness in prison. Zhou Fohai died of illness without waiting for the chance to be released from prison.
The heroic son of the traitor
As the son of the great traitor Zhou Fohai, Zhou Youhai can be said to have witnessed his father's tortuous but wrong life. But he did not follow his father's old path, but instead made a completely opposite decision. He chose to join the revolution and disperse all his wealth in support of the Anti-Japanese War and build the motherland without any regrets.
When Zhou Youhai was 2 years old, his father Zhou Fohai left the Communist Party and joined the Kuomintang. When Zhou Fohai became a well-known traitor, Zhou Youhai had just entered junior high school. At that time, everyone around him would spread resentment towards the traitor.
The students isolated him, and the teachers looked down on him. Even when walking on the road, people called him a little traitor. During that time, he was very decadent, but after he recovered, he understood the difficulties of the people around him, and also understood that the causes of these misfortunes were all the things his father did that were unreasonable.
But Zhou Youhai did not complain about the world, nor did he give up on himself, but cheered up. He wanted to use his own strength to make up for the people who had been hurt. He grew up with the passion for serving the country and wanted to join the revolution.
1946, after the introduction of a party member, Zhou Youhai successfully joined the Communist Party of China. He handed over all the property he brought, HK$200,000, several pounds, and some valuable jewelry and jade to the organization, and used them for the revolutionary cause.
After arriving in Shanghai, he used his identity as a businessman as a cover. On the surface, he was the boss of the company, but in fact he was a worker of our party's underground organization, secretly collecting intelligence. At that time, the guerrillas in the liberated areas and suburbs of northern Jiangsu were short of weapons, so Zhou Youhai paid out of his own pocket to buy more than 40 pistols for the soldiers.
In the early days of liberation, the construction of the country required a lot of funds. Zhou Youhai took out all his savings as construction funds without saying a word, including about 200 taels of gold, more than 30,000 Hong Kong dollars, 5,000 US dollars, and several expensive jade and gems.
Zhou Youhai originally thought that life would continue to go on like this, but in 1955 he was implicated in a case and was imprisoned. This level lasted for nearly 20 years. It was not until 1975 that Zhou Youhai was released.
At this time, he was 53 years old and was sick. After returning to Shanghai, his health was getting worse and worse. However, in 1983, the organization issued documents to restore his party membership, level and salary, and arranged a house for him and the people who took care of him.
In 1985, Zhou Youhai died of illness. After the body was cremated, the ashes were placed in the Martyrs Cemetery in Shanghai. Someone once asked him that the descendants of other traitors went abroad to enjoy their happiness, but he experienced countless hardships for the revolution, whether he regretted it.
Zhou Youhai's turbid eyes were extremely firm. He replied that he had no regrets about joining the revolution. Compared with the evil committed by his predecessors, the compensation he made was insignificant. He spent his life paying off his sinful debts and contributing a little to the country. He was very content.
ending
In fact, our society should not have the father’s debts and sons to repay, but Zhou Youhai used his actions to interpret what a real man is to establish a foothold. is worthy of the sky and is worthy of the earth. He strengthened his beliefs and defended his dignity.
Zhou Fohai's life is short and exciting, hateful and lamentable. If he had not been favored, if he could firmly believe, if he had not lost to greed, perhaps he would have been the founder who grew up with the Communist Party and became an ideal and aspiring revolutionary, but unfortunately there was no if.
Zhou Fohai committed a heinous evil deed and should be nailed to the pillar of shame. People should be responsible for their actions. No matter what the reason is, evil deeds will be punished, and traitors will not have a good end. At this time, the laws of nature are even more dignified by the law.
Today's society is full of temptations, but how to resist temptation and keep the original intention is a test that everyone must withstand. Only those who successfully resist temptation can gain the recognition and respect of society.
